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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/09 03:20:12」(JST)

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Cefazolin (INN), also known as cefazoline or cephazolin, is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.

The drug is usually administered by either intramuscular injection (injection into a large muscle) or intravenous infusion (intravenous fluid into a vein).

Indications[edit]

Cefazolin is mainly used to treat bacterial infections of the skin. It can also be used to treat moderately severe bacterial infections involving the lung, bone, joint, stomach, blood, heart valve, and urinary tract. It is clinically effective against infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci of Gram-positive bacteria. These organisms are common on normal human skin. Resistance to cefazolin is seen in several species of bacteria. Cefazolin is extensively used as prophylaxis antibiotic before wide range of surgical operations.

Spectrum of bacterial susceptibility[edit]

Cefazolin is a broad spectrum antibiotic and can be used to treat different types of infections including urinary tract, skin, and bone infections. The following represents MIC susceptibility data for a few medically significant bacteria.

Escherichia coli: 0.5 μg/mL - >412.8 μg/mL
Staphylococcus aureus: <0.2 μg/mL - >344 μg/mL
Streptococcus pyogenes: 0.125 μg/mL - 0.25 μg/mL

^[1]

Adverse effects[edit]

Adverse drug reactions from cefazolin are not common. Possible side effects include diarrhea, stomach pain or upset stomach, vomiting, and rash.

Like those of several other cephalosporins, the chemical structure of cefazolin contains an N-methylthiodiazole (NMTD or 1-MTD) side-chain. As the antibiotic is broken down in the body, it releases free NMTD, which can cause hypoprothrombinemia (likely due to inhibition of the enzyme vitamin K epoxide reductase) and a reaction with ethanol similar to that produced by disulfiram (Antabuse), due to inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase.^[2]

Brands[edit]

Cefazolin is marketed under the following brand names: Ancef, Cefacidal, Cefamezin, Cefrina, Elzogram, Faxilen, Gramaxin, Kefazol, Kefol, Kefzolan, Kezolin, Novaporin, Reflin, Zinol and Zolicef.

References[edit]

^ http://www.toku-e.com/Assets/MIC/Cefazolin%20sodium%20USP.pdf
^ Stork CM (2006). "Antibiotics, antifungals, and antivirals". In Nelson LH, Flomenbaum N, Goldfrank LR, Hoffman RL, Howland MD, Lewin NA (eds.). Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 847. ISBN 0-07-143763-0. Retrieved 2009-07-03.

External links[edit]

MedlinePlus Drug Information: Cefazolin Sodium Injection.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Screening of Antibiotic Susceptibility to β-Lactam-Induced Elongation of Gram-Negative Bacteria Based on Dielectrophoresis.

Chung CC, Cheng IF, Chen HM, Kan HC, Yang WH, Chang HC.SourceInstitute of Nanotechnology and Microsystems Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan, Taiwan.
Analytical chemistry.Anal Chem.2012 Apr 3;84(7):3347-54. Epub 2012 Mar 22.
We demonstrate a rapid antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) based on the changes in dielectrophoretic (DEP) behaviors related to the β-lactam-induced elongation of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) on a quadruple electrode array (QEA). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) can be determined within
PMID 22404714

Elution Profiles of Cefazolin from PMMA and Calcium Sulfate Beads Prepared from Commercial Cefazolin Formulations.

Udomkusonsri P, Kaewmokul S, Arthitvong S, Phaochoosak N.SourceDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University.
The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science.J Vet Med Sci.2012 Apr 3;74(3):301-5. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
Antibiotic beads have become popular for the treatment of local bacterial infections. The preparation of antibiotic beads from commercial pharmaceutical antibiotics is a convenient method in clinic. The elution characteristics of cefazolin from polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) (SmartSet HV, Depuy I and
PMID 21997237

Japanese Journal

Effects of oral orbifloxacin on fecal coliforms in healthy cats: a pilot study

HARADA Kazuki,SASAKI Atsushi,SHIMIZU Takae
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science advpub(0), 2015
… freundii isolates largely exhibited intermediate ORB susceptibility (MIC, 4 µg/ml), in addition to resistance to ampicillin and cefazolin, and harbored qnrB, but not a gyrA mutation. …
NAID 130005094689

Isolation of multiple drug-resistant enteric bacteria from feces of wild Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Gabon

MBEHANG NGUEMA Pierre Philippe,OKUBO Torahiko,TSUCHIDA Sayaka,FUJITA Shiho,YAMAGIWA Juichi,TAMURA Yutaka,USHIDA Kazunari
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 77(5), 619-623, 2015
… Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the following 12 drugs—ampicillin (ABPC), cefazolin (CEZ), cefotaxime (CTX), streptomycin (SM), gentamicin (GM), kanamycin (KM), tetracycline (TC), nalidixic acid (NA), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), colistin (CL), chloramphenicol (CP) and trimethoprim (TMP)—were determined. …
NAID 130005071875

腹腔鏡手術後の抗菌剤投与の個別化について−手術部位感染からの検討－

加藤智子,坂部慶子,石井梨沙,伊藤真友子,西尾永司,西澤春紀,塚田和彦,廣田穰,藤井多久磨
日本産科婦人科内視鏡学会雑誌 30(2), 404-408, 2015
… The old group received Cefazolin 2g/day (postoperative day 0-1) intravenously (IV) and Cefdinir 300 mg/day orally (postoperative day 2-6). … New group 1 received Cefazolin 1 g IV one time. …
NAID 130005066518

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「セファゾリン」「CEZ」
拡張検索	「cefazolin sodium hydrate」「cefazolin sodium」

「セファゾリン」

Cefazolin
Systematic (IUPAC) name
	(6R,7R)-3-{[(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio]methyl}-8-oxo-7-[(1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino]-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
Clinical data
Trade names	Ancef, Kefzol
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
Pregnancy cat.	B1 (AU) B (US)
Legal status	℞ Prescription only
Routes	Intravenous, intramuscular
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	NA
Metabolism	?
Half-life	1.8 hours (given IV); 2 hours (given IM)
Excretion	Renal, unchanged
Identifiers
CAS number	25953-19-9
ATC code	J01DB04 QJ51DB04
PubChem	CID 33255
DrugBank	DB01327
ChemSpider	30723
UNII	IHS69L0Y4T
KEGG	D02299
ChEBI	CHEBI:474053
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1435
Chemical data
Formula	C14H14N8O4S3
Mol. mass	454.51 g/mol
	SMILES O=C2N1/C(=C(\CS[C@@H]1[C@@H]2NC(=O)Cn3nnnc3)CSc4nnc(s4)C)C(=O)O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C14H14N8O4S3/c1-6-17-18-14(29-6)28-4-7-3-27-12-9(11(24)22(12)10(7)13(25)26)16-8(23)2-21-5-15-19-20-21/h5,9,12H,2-4H2,1H3,(H,16,23)(H,25,26)/t9-,12-/m1/s1 ; Key:MLYYVTUWGNIJIB-BXKDBHETSA-N ;
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