WordNet

commit a sin; violate a law of God or a moral law (同)transgress, trespass
violent and excited activity; "they began to fight like sin" (同)hell
estrangement from god (同)sinfulness, wickedness
an act that is regarded by theologians as a transgression of Gods will (同)sinning
the 21st letter of the Hebrew alphabet
of or relating to either of the two major arteries supplying blood to the head and neck
any of various air-filled cavities especially in the bones of the skull

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(宗教・道徳上の)『罪』 / 〈C〉(宗教・道徳上の)『罪の行為』,罪悪 / 〈C〉《特におどけて》違反(過失)の行為 / (宗教・道徳上の)おきてを破る,罪を犯す / (…に)違反(過失)をする,背く《+『against』+『名』》
sine
頚(けい)動脈 / 頚動脈の
洞(どう)(骨や組織の中の穴・くぼみなど);静脈洞

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/02 16:24:07」(JST)

wiki en

In human anatomy, the carotid sinus is a dilated area in the bifurcation of the common carotid at the level of the superior border of thyroid cartilage. The carotid sinus is sensitive to pressure changes in the arterial blood at this level.

Functions[edit source | edit]

The carotid sinus contains numerous baroreceptors which function as a "sampling area" for many homeostatic mechanisms for maintaining blood pressure. The carotid sinus baroreceptors are innervated by the sinus nerve of Hering, which is a branch of cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve). The glossopharyngeal nerve synapses in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) located in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem. The NTS indirectly modulates the activity of sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal) neurons in the medulla and pons through the hypothalamus. These neurons then regulate the autonomic control of the heart and blood vessels. The aortic arch baroreceptors are innervated by the aortic nerve (Nerve of Cyon), which combines with CN X (vagus nerve) and travels to the NTS.

Disease of the carotid sinus[edit source | edit]

The carotid sinus often has atherosclerotic plaques because of disturbed hemodynamics (low wall shear stress, flow reversal/recirculation).^[1] Since these plaques, if large and unstable, predispose to ischemic strokes and transient ischemic attacks, carotid endarterectomies are frequently done for prophylaxis.

The carotid sinus can be oversensitive to manual stimulation, a condition known as carotid sinus hypersensitivity, carotid sinus syndrome or carotid sinus syncope, in which manual stimulation causes large changes in heart rate and/or blood pressure. This classically presents as a patient who has "fainted" on several occasions while shaving, or in some other way coming into contact with their carotid sinus.

Carotid sinus syndrome is a temporary loss of consciousness that sometimes accompanies convulsive seizures because of the intensity of the carotid sinus reflex when pressure builds in one or both carotid sinuses.

Carotid sinus massage[edit source | edit]

Massage of the carotid sinus, carotid sinus massage is used to diagnose carotid sinus syncope and is sometimes useful for differentiating supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) from ventricular tachycardia. Like the valsalva maneuver, it is a therapy for SVT.^[2] It is less effective than pharmaceutical management of SVT with verapamil or adenosine^[3] though is still the preferred first-line of treatment in a hemodynamically stable patient^[4]

Carotid sinus reflex death[edit source | edit]

Carotid sinus reflex death is a disputed mechanism of death in which manual stimulation of the carotid sinus allegedly causes strong glossopharyngeal nerve (Vagus nerve is for aortic arch baroreceptors) impulses leading to terminal cardiac arrest. Carotid sinus reflex death has been pointed out as a possible cause of death in cases of strangulation, hanging and Autoerotic Strangulation, but such deductions remain controversial. Studies^{[citation needed]} have also suggested that the carotid sinus reflex can be a contributing factor in other mechanisms of death by reducing blood pressure and heart rate, especially in the elderly or in people suffering from carotid sinus hypersensitivity. A carotid massage can also possibly dislodge a thrombus, or some plaque. This could lead to any number of life threatening effects, including stroke.^[5]

References[edit source | edit]

^ Glagov S, Zarins C, Giddens DP, Ku DN. Hemodynamics and atherosclerosis. Insights and perspectives gained from studies of human arteries. biod degradable Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1988 Oct;112(10):1018-31. PMID 3052352
^ Lim SH, Anantharaman V, Teo WS, Goh PP, Tan AT. Comparison of treatment of supraventricular tachycardia by Valsalva maneuver and carotid sinus massage. Ann Emerg Med. 1998 Jan;31(1):30-5. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(98)70277-X PMID 9437338
^ Ballo P, Bernabo D, Faraguti SA. Heart rate is a predictor of success in the treatment of adults with symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J. 2004 Aug;25(15):1310-7. doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2004.05.011 PMID 15288158
^ American Heart Association. Tachycardia algorithm. Advanced Cardiac Life Support Provider Manual (2007).
^ Passig, K. Carotid sinus reflex death - a theory and its history. URL last accessed February 28, 2006.

Additional Images[edit source | edit]

Carotid sinus

External links[edit source | edit]

Anatomy at MUN head/cbv
lesson5 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (livingneck)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 頸動脈洞過敏症 carotid sinus hypersensitivity
2. 成人における失神の評価 evaluation of syncope in adults
3. 頸動脈内膜剥離術および頸動脈ステント留置術の麻酔 anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting
4. Overview of eye injuries in the emergency department
5. 洞性頻脈：評価およびマネージメント sinus tachycardia evaluation and management

English Journal

Morphometric analysis of the medial opticocarotid recess and its anatomical relations relevant to the transsphenoidal endoscopic endonasal approaches.

Nunes CF1,2, Prevedello DM3,4, Carrau RL3,4, da Fonseca CO5, Landeiro JA5.
Acta neurochirurgica.Acta Neurochir (Wien).2016 Feb;158(2):319-24. doi: 10.1007/s00701-015-2662-7. Epub 2015 Dec 18.
BACKGROUND: The medial opticocarotid recess (MOCR) is located in the posterior wall of the sphenoid sinus, medial to the junction of the optic canal (OC) and the carotid prominence (CP). There is controversy in the literature in relation to the presence of the MOCR and its constancy, which is releva
PMID 26679957

Comparative outcomes of carotid artery stenting for asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid artery stenosis: a single-center prospective study.

Mo D1, Wang B1, Ma N1, Gao F1, Miao Z1.
Journal of neurointerventional surgery.J Neurointerv Surg.2016 Feb;8(2):126-9. doi: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011437. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
BACKGROUND: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) for symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (SCS) has been proved to be safe and effective in many randomized controlled trials, but the safety and efficacy of CAS for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACS) is not clear.OBJECTIVE: To prospectively compare th
PMID 25488923

Skull Base Anatomy.

Patel CR1, Fernandez-Miranda JC2, Wang WH3, Wang EW4.
Otolaryngologic clinics of North America.Otolaryngol Clin North Am.2016 Feb;49(1):9-20. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2015.09.001.
The anatomy of the skull base is complex with multiple neurovascular structures in a small space. Understanding all of the intricate relationships begins with understanding the anatomy of the sphenoid bone. The cavernous sinus contains the carotid artery and some of its branches; cranial nerves III,
PMID 26614826

Japanese Journal

症例報告糖尿病性単神経障害(動眼神経麻痺)と鑑別を要した頚動脈海綿静脈洞瘻合併2型糖尿病の1例

柴田みゆき,中嶋祥子,伊藤真梨子 [他]
糖尿病 58(2), 109-114, 2015-02
NAID 40020383718

動眼神経麻痺にて発症した症候性血栓化脳動脈瘤に対し，複数の頭蓋内ステントを併用し瘤内塞栓術を行った一例

渡邊陽祐,武智昭彦,梶原佳則,瀬山剛
脳神経血管内治療 advpub(0), 2015
【目的】Flow diverter 効果を目的に2 本の頭蓋内ステントを併用し瘤内塞栓を行った症例を報告する．【症例】51 歳女性．眼瞼下垂を生じ，右内頚動脈C4 部より内方に突出する長径16 mm の血栓化脳動脈瘤を認めた．Jailing technique を用い，まず2 本のEnterprise VRD をneck 部分に重ねて留置すると，DSA にて動脈瘤の描出が遅延し，flow dive …
NAID 130005068711

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「頚動脈洞」
拡張検索	「carotid sinus syncope」「carotid sinus syndrome」「carotid sinus reflex」「carotid sinus baroreflex」
関連記事	「carotid」

「頚動脈洞」

Carotid sinus
	Arteries of the neck. The carotid sinus is at the origin of the internal carotid artery.
Latin	sinus caroticus
Nerve	branch of glossopharyngeal nerve to carotid sinus
MeSH	Carotid+Sinus

　　[★]

英: carotid sinus
同: 頸動脈洞
関: 頚動脈洞反射

図：N.124,125(頭頚部の自律神経)
舌咽神経
総頚動脈が内頚動脈を分岐する根元のにある血管のふくらみ

圧受容器を含む
血圧上昇→心拍数↓、血圧↓、血管拡張

→頚動脈反射

臨床関連

頚動脈洞症候群

「carotid sinus syncope」

　　[★]

頚動脈洞性失神、頸動脈洞性失神

関: convulsive syncope、drop attack、fainting、micturition syncope、postural syncope、presyncope、syncopal episode、syncope、tussive syncope

「carotid sinus syndrome」

　　[★]

頚動脈洞症候群、頸動脈洞症候群

「carotid sinus reflex」

　　[★]

頚動脈洞反射、頸動脈洞反射

「carotid sinus baroreflex」

　　[★] 頚動脈洞圧受容器反射

「carotid」

　　[★]

adj.

頚動脈の、頸動脈の

関: carotid artery

[1] Glagov S, Zarins C, Giddens DP, Ku DN. Hemodynamics and atherosclerosis. Insights and perspectives gained from studies of human arteries. biod degradable Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1988 Oct;112(10):1018-31. PMID 3052352

[2] Lim SH, Anantharaman V, Teo WS, Goh PP, Tan AT. Comparison of treatment of supraventricular tachycardia by Valsalva maneuver and carotid sinus massage. Ann Emerg Med. 1998 Jan;31(1):30-5. doi:10.1016/S0196-0644(98)70277-X PMID 9437338

[3] Ballo P, Bernabo D, Faraguti SA. Heart rate is a predictor of success in the treatment of adults with symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Eur Heart J. 2004 Aug;25(15):1310-7. doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2004.05.011 PMID 15288158

[4] American Heart Association. Tachycardia algorithm. Advanced Cardiac Life Support Provider Manual (2007).

[5] Passig, K. Carotid sinus reflex death - a theory and its history. URL last accessed February 28, 2006.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

carotid sinus