WordNet

burn completely; be consumed or destroyed by fire; "The hut burned down"; "The mountain of paper went up in flames" (同)burn up, go_up
to a lower intensity; "he slowly phased down the light until the stage was completely black"
soft fine feathers (同)down feather
(American football) a complete play to advance the football; "you have four downs to gain ten yards"
fine soft dense hair (as the fine short hair of cattle or deer or the wool of sheep or the undercoat of certain dogs) (同)pile
(usually plural) a rolling treeless highland with little soil
understood perfectly; "had his algebra problems down" (同)down pat, mastered
extending or moving from a higher to a lower place; "the down staircase"; "the downward course of the stream" (同)downward
spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position; "dont fall down"; "rode the lift up and skied down"; "prices plunged downward" (同)downwards, downward, downwardly
cause to come or go down; "The policeman downed the heavily armed suspect"; "The mugger knocked down the old lady after she refused to hand over her wallet" (同)knock down, cut_down, push down, pull down
shoot at and force to come down; "the enemy landed several of our aircraft" (同)shoot down, land
away from a more central or a more northerly place; "was sent down to work at the regional office"; "worked down on the farm"; "came down for the wedding"; "flew down to Florida"
becoming progressively lower; "the down trend in the real estate market"
being or moving lower in position or less in some value; "lay face down"; "the moon is down"; "our team is down by a run"; "down by a pawn"; "the stock market is down today"
being put out by a strikeout; "two down in the bottom of the ninth"
bring down or defeat (an opponent)
from an earlier time; "the story was passed down from father to son"
in an inactive or inoperative state; "the factory went down during the strike"; "the computer went down again"
not functioning (temporarily or permanently); "we cant work because the computer is down"
paid in cash at time of purchase; "put ten dollars down on the necklace"
shut; "the shades were down"
travel or traverse (a distance); "This car does 150 miles per hour"; "We did 6 miles on our hike every day"
the syllable naming the first (tonic) note of any major scale in solmization (同)doh, ut
proceed or get along; "How is she doing in her new job?"; "How are you making out in graduate school?"; "Hes come a long way" (同)fare, make_out, come, get along
create or design, often in a certain way; "Do my room in blue"; "I did this piece in wood to express my love for the forest" (同)make
carry on or function; "We could do with a little more help around here" (同)manage
get (something) done; "I did my job" (同)perform
spend (significant amounts of money); "He has money to burn"
pain that feels hot as if it were on fire (同)burning
undergo combustion; "Maple wood burns well" (同)combust
destroy by fire; "They burned the house and his diaries" (同)fire, burn_down
cause to undergo combustion; "burn garbage"; "The car burns only Diesel oil" (同)incinerate
an injury caused by exposure to heat or chemicals or radiation
burn with heat, fire, or radiation; "The iron burnt a hole in my dress"
a place or area that has been burned (especially on a persons body) (同)burn mark
damage inflicted by fire
cause to burn or combust; "The sun burned off the fog"; "We combust coal and other fossil fuels" (同)combust
shine intensely, as if with heat; "The coals were glowing in the dark"; "The candles were burning" (同)glow
burn at the stake; "Witches were burned in Salem"
feel hot or painful; "My eyes are burning"
feel strong emotion, especially anger or passion; "She was burning with anger"; "He was burning to try out his new skies"
of immediate import; "burning issues of the day"
execution by fire (同)burning at the stake
the act of burning something; "the burning of leaves was prohibited by a town ordinance" (同)combustion
a form of torture in which cigarettes or cigars or other hot implements are used to burn the victims skin
destroyed or badly damaged by fire; "a row of burned houses"; "a charred bit of burnt wood"; "a burned-over site in the forest"; "barricaded the street with burnt-out cars" (同)burnt, burned-over, burned-out, burnt-out
ruined by overcooking; "she served us underdone bacon and burnt biscuits" (同)burnt
treated by heating to a high temperature but below the melting or fusing point; "burnt sienna" (同)burnt

PrepTutorEJDIC

(高い所から)『下へ』,降りて,地面へ / (地理・地図上)南へ,下町へ;(風・流れなどが)『下(しも)手へ』;《英》(都会・大学から)地方へ,離れて / (価格・品質・温度などが)『下がって』,(数量・スピードなどが)少なく,減じて,(濃度が)薄く / (健康・風の勢いなどが)『衰えて』,気分が沈んで / (時代などが)下がって,…に至るまで / (身分・地位が)下がって / (紙面に)書き留めて,記録して / (頭金を)現金で,即金で / 最後まで,徹底的に / しっかりと,動けないように / (高い所から)…『を下がって』;…『に沿って』;…の向こうに / …の下流に / …以来 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『下りの』,下への / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(列車・バスなどが)下りの / 《補語にのみ用いて》下に,下がって / 《補語にのみ用いて》弱まった,おさまった;落胆した,元気のない / 《補語にのみ用いて》(勝負で)負けて,すって / 《補語にのみ用いて》《おもに米話》(野球で)アウト / …‘を'打倒する,負かす,撃ち落とす / …‘を'飲み干す,飲み込む / 下り,下降 / 《複数形で》不運,逆境
(鳥の)綿毛,うぶ毛,下羽 / (植物・果実の表面の)柔らかい毛
なだらかな草原地,丘陵地帯(特にイングランド南部の小高い白亜質の草原地the Downsを言う)
《疑問文・否定文を作る》 / 《否定命令文を作る》 / 《助動詞とbe動詞のどちらも含まない文に用いて付加疑問を作る》 / 《強意語として》 / 《文》《助動詞とbe動詞のどちらも含まない文に用いて倒置文を作る》 / 《あいづちを打つ場合に》 / 《先行する動詞またはそれを含む述部の代用》 / 《so,nor,neitherで始まる簡略文で》 / …‘を'『する』,行う,果たす / 《通例have done,時にbe doneの形で》…‘を'『終える』,済ませる / …‘を'作る,作り出す / …‘を'『処理する』,整える,片付ける / 〈学課〉‘を'『勉強する』,専攻する / 〈利益・害など〉‘を'与える,もたらす / 〈人〉‘に'『役立つ』,用が足りる(serve) / …の速度で進む,距離を行く / …‘を'見物する / 〈劇〉‘を'上演する;…‘の'役を演じる / …の役目(仕事)をする / 《おもに英》…‘を'だます,かつぐ / 《話》…をへとへとにさせる / 『する』;活動する / 《通例have done,時にbe doneの形で》(…を)『終える』,済ます《+『with』+『名』》 / 〈事が〉『運ぶ』;〈人が〉暮らしていく,健康である / 〈物が〉(…に)『間に合う』,十分である;〈人が〉(…に)役に立つ,向く《+『for』+『名』》 / 《複数形で》すべきこと / 〈C〉《おもに英》大宴会,大パーティー / 〈C〉《英話》詐欺,ぺてん
ド(全音階の第1音)
〈火・家などが〉『燃える』,『焼ける』 / (火や熱によって)『焦げる』,日焼けする / 『光』(『熱』)『を出す』 / (…で)熱さを感じる,ほてる《+『with』+『名』》 / (愛憎などで)燃える,かっかとなる《+『with』+『名』》 / …'を'『燃やす』,『焼く』 / …'を'焦がす;…'を'日焼けさせる / …'を'熱く感じさせる,'を'ほてらせる / …'を'燃料にする / 『やけど』;焼け焦げ / 『日焼け』 / ロケットの噴射・（CDなどに）焼く、（音楽｛おんがく｝やデータなどを）（CDなどに）焼く
《スコットランド》小川
燃えている,焼けている / 燃えるように熱い;強烈な / 火急の,差し迫った

UpToDate Contents

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1. 火傷および熱傷の防止 prevention of fire and burn injuries
2. 小児における急性上気道閉塞の緊急評価 emergent evaluation of acute upper airway obstruction in children
3. 下肢慢性静脈疾患治療のための血管内レーザー治療 endovenous laser ablation for the treatment of lower extremity chronic venous disease
4. 重症熱傷の合併症および長期転帰 complications and long term outcomes of a severe burn
5. 児童虐待疑いの鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of suspected child abuse

English Journal

Glaucoma Progression and Role of Glaucoma Surgery in Patients With Boston Keratoprosthesis.

Crnej A, Paschalis EI, Salvador-Culla B, Tauber A, Drnovsek-Olup B, Shen LQ, Dohlman CH.Author information *Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Cornea Service, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and †University Medical Center, Eye Clinic, Ljubljana, Slovenia.AbstractPURPOSE:: The aim of this study was to evaluate glaucoma onset and progression after implantation of Boston Keratoprostheses (B-KPro) and the role of glaucoma surgery.
Cornea.Cornea.2014 Feb 13. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE:: The aim of this study was to evaluate glaucoma onset and progression after implantation of Boston Keratoprostheses (B-KPro) and the role of glaucoma surgery.METHODS:: Records of patients with B-KPro implantation during 2004 to 2009 were reviewed. Parameters relevant to B-KPro surgery and g
PMID 24531120

Considerations on the Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma, Specifically for Burn Treatment.

Marck RE, Middelkoop E, Breederveld RS.Author information From the *Department of Surgery and Burn Center, Red Cross Hospital, Beverwijk, The Netherlands; †Association of Dutch Burn Centres, Beverwijk, The Netherlands; ‡Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Research Institute MOVE, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and §LUMC University Leiden, Dutch Burn Foundation, Leiden, The Netherlands.AbstractPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a fraction of blood plasma with a platelet concentration above baseline. After activation of the platelets, growth factors are released, which are involved in wound-healing processes. Application of a multitude of growth factors seems to boost the healing process. In this review the authors provide a comprehensive overview of the many different aspects of PRP; this is followed by a short outline of the evidence for a wide range of applications and finally narrowing down to a more in-depth analysis of the literature on the potential use of PRP in burn treatment. The authors performed an extensive search on PRP and the different biological, as well as practical aspects for the different applications. Furthermore, we performed a systematic search on PRP in the treatment of burn wounds. A high variety exists in PRP products, procedures, and content. This makes interpretation and comparison of the evidence difficult. PRP has been reported to have beneficial effects on wound healing in different fields of surgery and in the treatment of acute, chronic, and diabetic wounds. Literature on the use of PRP in burns is scarce. Separate growth factors have shown beneficial results in the treatment of burns. Furthermore, an animal study and several case reports showed improved burn wound-healing time after the application of PRP. A deep dermal burn could benefit from PRP through its hemostatic antimicrobial abilities and the positive effects seen in wound healing. However, burn patients have an altered physiological state and it is unknown how this may affect platelet function and quality. Furthermore, the effect of PRP on scarring has not been evaluated properly. Future research is needed to elucidate the role of PRP in the treatment of burns.
Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association.J Burn Care Res.2014 Feb 10. [Epub ahead of print]
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a fraction of blood plasma with a platelet concentration above baseline. After activation of the platelets, growth factors are released, which are involved in wound-healing processes. Application of a multitude of growth factors seems to boost the healing process. In th
PMID 24518678

Microneedling: Matching the results of medical needling and repetitive treatments to maximize potential for skin regeneration.

Zeitter S1, Sikora Z2, Jahn S2, Stahl F3, Strauß S2, Lazaridis A2, Reimers K2, Vogt PM2, Aust MC2.Author information 1Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. Electronic address: simon.zeitter@gmail.com.2Department of Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.3Institute for Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany.AbstractThe benefits and risks of singular and repetitive microneedling (1mm) have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits and risks of singular and repetitive skin needling with a microneedling device in an animal model with and without skincare. 30 Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to five groups: control, skin-care only (Vitamin A & C), 1× needling 1mm, 4× needling 1mm, 4× needling 1mm with skin-care. All animals were euthanized after 10 weeks. Skin specimens were stained with HE and Masson's trichrome. Additionally, gene expression analysis with microarray technique for various growth factors (TGFβ1-3, FGF, EGF, VEGF, TNF-α) and real time reverse transcription PCR for collagen I & III were conducted. We showed that singular microneedling matches and repetitive microneedling sessions superposition epidermal and dermal benefits such as an increase of epidermal thickness (up to 658% increase, p value 0.0008) and dermal connective tissue-even more so when combined with skin-care with vitamin A and C. Juvenile collagen I showed itself up-regulated in all groups, while collagen III was down-regulated. Singular and repetitive PCI with a microneedling device can achieve and supersede the results already shown with medical needling.
Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries.Burns.2014 Feb 7. pii: S0305-4179(13)00415-4. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2013.12.008. [Epub ahead of print]
The benefits and risks of singular and repetitive microneedling (1mm) have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits and risks of singular and repetitive skin needling with a microneedling device in an animal model with and without skincare. 30 Sprague Dawl
PMID 24513133