bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue

気管支付属リンパ組織

WordNet

1. having partial rights and privileges or subordinate status; "an associate member"; "an associate professor"
2. a person who joins with others in some activity or endeavor; "he had to consult his associate before continuing"
3. a person with subordinate membership in a society, institution, or commercial enterprise; "associates in the law firm bill at a lower rate than do partners"
4. any event that usually accompanies or is closely connected with another; "first was the lightning and then its thunderous associate"
5. make a logical or causal connection; "I cannot connect these two pieces of evidence in my mind"; "colligate these facts"; "I cannot relate these events at all" (同)tie_in, relate, link, colligate, link up, connect
6. a soft thin (usually translucent) paper (同)tissue_paper
7. part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
8. resembling lymph or lymphatic tissues
9. either of the two main branches of the trachea (同)bronchial_tube

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈人〉'を'(…の)『仲間に加える』,(…に)連合させる《+『名』〈人〉+『with』+『名』》 / (…と)…'を'結びつけて考える(起こす)《+『名』+『with』+『名』》 / (…と)『仲間になる』,交際する《+『with』+『名』》 / (…と)合体する,提携する《+『with』+『名』》 / 『仲間』,『同僚』;組合員 / 準会員 / 付属物;連想されるもの / 連合した;仲間の,同僚の / 補助の,準…
2. 〈U〉〈C〉(生物体の)『組織』 / 〈U〉〈C〉『薄織物』 / 〈U〉〈C〉水を吸収する柔らかな薄紙 / 〈C〉カーボンコピー用薄紙 / 〈C〉《a ~》(…を)織り交ぜて作ったもの《+of+名》 / =tissue paper
3. リンパ状(液)の
4. 気管支

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/12/25 04:08:18」(JST)

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iBALT of mice iBALT structures (arrows) formed in association with airways and blood vessels of the lung after infection (A), no iBALT structures without infection (B and C). Infection-induced iBALT structures contained CD4+ T cells, B220+ B cells (D), and CD21+ follicular dendritic cells (E).

Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is a tertiary lymphoid structure and it is a part of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and it consist of lymphoid follicles in lungs and bronchus. BALT is effective priming site of mucosal and systemic immune response.

Structure

BALT is similar in most mammal species, but it differs in its maintenance and inducibility. While it is normal component of lungs and bronchus in rabbits or pigs, in mice or humans it appears only after infection or inflammation. In mice and humans it is thus called inducible BALT (iBALT). BALT and iBALT are structurally and functionally very similar, so in this article is used only BALT for both structures.

BALT is found along the bifurcations of the upper bronchi directly beneath the epithelium and generally lying between an artery and a bronchus. It is also in perivascular, peribronchial and even interstitial areas in the lower airways of the lung. To call it BALT it has to be structured accumulation of lymphocytes and other immune cells. There are lymphoid follicles with apparent germinal centres with most B-cells surrounded by T-cell area. In interfollicular T-cell area, there are many dendritic cells presenting antigen to T-cells and in germinal centres, there are follicular dendritic cells. There are CD4⁺ Th lymphocytes in germinal centres and interfollicular area and CD8⁺ T cells mainly in interfollicular area. High endothelial venules (HEVs) are also present in BALT in T/B-cell interface, allowing for the recruitment of naive T cells. These HEV are the only entry site for lymphocytes to migrate into the BALT and leave by efferent lymphatic vessels. In some species, M cells have been described in epithelium above BALT similar to M cells in the dome epithelium of Peyer’s patches, although the dome epithelium is not typical for BALT.

For formation of BALT in mice is necessary inteleukin-17 and VCAM-1, PNAd and LFA-1 and it is lymphotoxin-α independent whereas the development of secondary lymphoid organs (such as lymph nodes and Peyer’s patches) is typically dependent on LTα. Formation of BALT may be caused by disabled in situ function of Treg cells.

Function

Function and purpose of BALT is not completely known yet. It is also unclear if its formation is part of normal immune response or if it is pathologic and should be suppressed.

BALT is included in the efficient priming of adaptive B-cell and T-cell responses directed against airborne antigens. It needs dendritic cells to its maintenance and function. Inducible BALT is formed after infection, e.g. influenza, and peak in size between 1 and 2 weeks after infection and diminish thereafter. Immune responses initiated in iBALT are delayed relative to the immune response in the draining lymph nodes, owing to the time it takes to form iBALT. But in chronic disease iBALT may be a component of the pathology. BALT can be induced even in fetal lungs after chorioamnionitis or intrauterine pneumonia. Also there is an evidence that cigarette smoke can induce formation of BALT in humans and rats. BALT can also occur after other stimuli, e.g. inflammation caused by rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune lung disease or mechanic damage by dust particles.

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 節外（MALT）および節性濾胞辺縁帯リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of extranodal malt and nodal marginal zone lymphomas
• 2. シェーグレン症候群関連間質性肺疾患：臨床症状、評価、および診断 interstitial lung disease associated with sjogrens syndrome clinical manifestations evaluation and diagnosis
• 3. 成人における細気管支炎 bronchiolitis in adults
• 4. 肺の高分解能CT high resolution computed tomography of the lungs
• 5. シェーグレン症候群の臨床症状：腺外型疾患 clinical manifestations of sjogrens syndrome extraglandular disease

English Journal

• Complete Resolution of Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia in a Patient With Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia Treated With Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant: Killing 2 Birds With 1 Stone.

• Vatsayan A1, Talati R, Nagle K, Cabral L, Cammock S, Dimarino A, Egler R, Saab S, Dalal J.
• Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology.J Pediatr Hematol Oncol.2018 Jul;40(5):e315-e318. doi: 10.1097/MPH.0000000000000977.
• PMID 29023302

• Maintenance of memory-type pathogenic Th2 cells in the pathophysiology of chronic airway inflammation.

• Hirahara K1, Shinoda K1, Endo Y1, Ichikawa T1, Nakayama T1,2.
• Inflammation and regeneration.Inflamm Regen.2018 Jun 20;38:10. doi: 10.1186/s41232-018-0067-8. eCollection 2018.
• PMID 29951134

• A SURVEY OF PARASITE LESIONS IN WILD RED DEER ( CERVUS ELAPHUS) FROM ARGENTINA.

• Reissig EC1, Massone AR2, Iovanitti B3, Gimeno EJ2, Uzal FA4.
• Journal of wildlife diseases.J Wildl Dis.2018 May 23. doi: 10.7589/2017-06-136. [Epub ahead of print]
• PMID 29791294

Japanese Journal

• 微細粒子吸入によるアレルギー性炎症におけるIL-1と異所性リンパ組織の役割 (特集 自然免疫に関する新規知見と発展)

• 黒田 悦史,小張 真吾,日下部 峻斗,石井 健
• 臨床免疫・アレルギー科 = Clinical immunology & allergology 68(4), 409-415, 2017-10
• NAID 40021346832

• Maintenance of pathogenic Th2 cells in allergic disorders

• Shinoda Kenta,Hirahara Kiyoshi,Nakayama Toshinori
• Allergology International 66(3), 369-376, 2017
• <p>Immunological memory is an important protective mechanism that enables host organisms to respond rapidly and vigorously to pathogens that have been previously encountered. In addition to the …
• NAID 130005858825

• 慢性気道炎症病態形成における記憶型病原性Th2細胞維持機構

• 平原 潔,篠田 健太,遠藤 裕介,市川 智巳,中山 俊憲
• アレルギー 66(2), 86-90, 2017
• NAID 130005466715

Related Links

• Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) structure and ...

1. Adv Immunol. 2010;107:187-241. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-381300-8.00007-1. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) structure and function. Randall TD(1). Author information: (1)Department of Medicine, Division of ...

• Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue | definition of bronchus ...

bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), patches of lymphoid tissues composed mainly of B and T lymphocytes and extending throughout the bronchial airways of the lung. bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue Lymphoid tissues ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「BALT」「気管支付属リンパ組織」
関連記事	「associate」「associated」「lymphoid」「lymphoid tissue」

「BALT」

　　[★] 気管支付属リンパ組織 bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue

「気管支付属リンパ組織」

　　[★]

英

bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue, BALT

「associate」

　　[★]

• vt.

• 結合する、連合させる。連想によって結びつける。(人を)仲間/友達などとしての関係に置く。(化)会合させる

• vi.

• 仲間/友人などとして交際する(with)。一つにまとめる、連合する

• n.

• 仕事仲間、提携者、同僚。友人、朋友。準会員。従業員、社員
• 密接な蒸す偽付きのある物、付随する物、つきもの。準国家
• 連想によって心に浮かぶ言葉/思い、連想物

• adj.

• 仲間の、同僚の。製紙機械員に次ぐ資格の
• 付随する、連想される

関

accompany、association、associative、attach、bearing、bind、binding、bond、bonding、coassemble、colleague、combine、conjoin、conjugate、conjugation、conjunction、connect、connection、correlate、correlation、couple、dock、engage、engagement、federation、implication、join、joint、ligate、link、linkage、peer、pertinent、reference、relate、relation、relationship、relative、relevance、relevant、symphysial、union

　 　 　 　 　 　

「associated」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 随伴の、随伴性の

関

concomitant、erratic、erratically

associate

「lymphoid」

　　[★]

• adj.

• リンパ様、リンパ系の

関

lymphatic system

　 　

「lymphoid tissue」

　　[★]

リンパ組織、リンパ系組織

関

lymphatic tissue