- 関
- alveolar lavage fluid、BALF、bronchial lavage fluid、lung lavage fluid
WordNet
- subject to change; variable; "a fluid situation fraught with uncertainty"; "everything was unstable following the coup" (同)unstable
- a substance that is fluid at room temperature and pressure
- continuous amorphous matter that tends to flow and to conform to the outline of its container: a liquid or a gas
- in cash or easily convertible to cash; "liquid (or fluid) assets" (同)liquid
- affording change (especially in social status); "Britain is not a truly fluid society"; "upwardly mobile" (同)mobile
- characteristic of a fluid; capable of flowing and easily changing shape (同)runny
- washing out a hollow organ (especially the stomach) by flushing with water
- rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from volcanos; lava is what magma is called when it reaches the surface
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『流体』,流動体 / 『流動性の』,流動する / 流体の,流動体から成る / 変わりやすい,固定していない,浮動する
- (特に胃などの)洗浄
- (火山から噴出する高温の)溶岩;(すでに冷えた)火山岩
- インフルエンザ,流感
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/04 06:03:40」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Bronchoalveolar lavage |
| Intervention |
| ICD-9-CM |
33.24 |
| MeSH |
D018893 |
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a medical procedure in which a bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into the lungs and fluid is squirted into a small part of the lung and then recollected for examination. BAL is typically performed to diagnose lung disease.[1] In particular, BAL is commonly used to diagnose infections in people with immune system problems,[2] pneumonia in people on ventilators, some types of lung cancer, and scarring of the lung (interstitial lung disease). BAL is the most common manner to sample the components of the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and to determine the protein composition of the pulmonary airways, and it is often used in immunological research as a means of sampling cells or pathogen levels in the lung. Examples of these include T-cell populations and influenza viral levels.
References [edit]
- ^ "Bronchoalveolar Lavage". Atlas of Critical Care Procedures. American Thoracic Society.
- ^ Henderson AJ (March 1994). "Bronchoalveolar lavage". Arch. Dis. Child. 70 (3): 167–9. doi:10.1136/adc.70.3.167. PMC 1029733. PMID 8135556.
CPT 2009 [edit]
Lavage Broncnial CPT Code: 31624 Lavage Total CPT Code: 32997
|
Respiratory system surgeries and other procedures (ICD-9-CM V3 21–22, 30–34, ICD-10-PCS 0B)
|
|
| Upper RT |
- nose
- Rhinoplasty
- Septoplasty
- Rhinectomy
- Rhinomanometry
- sinus
- Sinusotomy
- larynx
- Laryngoscopy
- Laryngectomy
- Laryngotomy
- Thyrotomy
|
|
| Lower RT |
- trachea
- Cricothyrotomy
- Tracheoesophageal puncture
- Tracheotomy
- bronchus
- Bronchoscopy
- lung
- Pneumonectomy
- Lobectomy
- Wedge resection
- Lung transplantation
- Decortication of lung
- Heart-lung transplant
|
|
Chest wall, pleura,
mediastinum, and diaphragm |
- pleura/pleural cavity
- Thoracentesis
- Pleurodesis
- Thoracoscopy
- Thoracotomy
- Chest tube
- mediastinum
- Mediastinoscopy
- Nuss procedure
|
|
| Medical imaging |
- Bronchography
- CT pulmonary angiogram
- High resolution CT
- Spiral CT
- Ventilation/perfusion scan
|
|
| CPRs |
- Pneumonia severity index
- CURB-65
|
|
| Lung function test |
- Body plethysmography
- Spirometry
- Bronchial challenge test
- Capnography
- Diffusion capacity
|
|
| Cytology |
- Sputum culture
- Bronchoalveolar lavage
|
|
Respiratory therapy/
intubation |
- Mechanical ventilation
- Positive pressure ventilation
- Artificial respiration
- Nebulizer
- Hyperbaric medicine
- Oxygen therapy
- Decompression chamber
- Heliox
- Negative pressure ventilator
- Postural drainage
- CPR
|
|
|
|
anat (n, x, l, c)/phys/devp
|
noco (c, p)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
proc, drug (R1/2/3/5/6/7)
|
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Toxicity and bio-accumulation of inhaled cerium oxide nanoparticles in CD1 mice.
- Aalapati S, Ganapathy S, Manapuram S, Anumolu G, Prakya BM.Author information Department of Toxicology, International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology [IIBAT] , Chennai , India.AbstractAbstract Male CD1 mice were subjected to nose-inhalation exposure of CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) for 0, 7, 14 or 28 days with 14 or 28 days of recovery time at an aerosol concentration of 2 mg/m(3). Markers of lung injury and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), oxidative stress in lungs, bio-accumulation, and histopathology of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tissues were assessed. BALF analysis revealed the induction of pulmonary inflammation, as evident by an increase in the influx of neutrophils with a significant secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines that lead to generation of oxidative stress and cytotoxicity, as is evident by induction of lipid peroxidation, depletion of glutathione and increased BALF lactate dehydrogenase and protein. The histopathological examination revealed that these inhaled CeO2 NPs were located all over the pulmonary parenchyma, inducing a severe, chronic, active inflammatory response characterised by necrosis, proteinosis, fibrosis and well-formed discrete granulomas in the pulmonary tissue and tubular degeneration leading to coagulative necrosis in kidneys. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer results showed a significant bio-accumulation of these particles in the pulmonary and extrapulmonary tissues, even after one month of post-inhalation exposure. Together, these findings suggest that inhalation exposure of CeO2 NPs can induce pulmonary and extrapulmonary toxicity.
- Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Nov;8:786-98. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.829877. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
- Abstract Male CD1 mice were subjected to nose-inhalation exposure of CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) for 0, 7, 14 or 28 days with 14 or 28 days of recovery time at an aerosol concentration of 2 mg/m(3). Markers of lung injury and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha,
- PMID 23914771
- Cardiopulmonary toxicity of pulmonary exposure to occupationally relevant zinc oxide nanoparticles.
- Chuang HC, Juan HT, Chang CN, Yan YH, Yuan TH, Wang JS, Chen HC, Hwang YH, Lee CH, Cheng TJ.Author information School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University , Taipei , Taiwan.AbstractAbstract Exposure to zinc oxide (ZnO) metal fumes is linked to adverse human health effects; however, the hazards of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) remain unclear. To determine pulmonary exposure to occupationally relevant ZnONPs cause cardiopulmonary injury, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to ZnONPs via intratracheal (IT) instillation and inhalation. The relationship between intrapulmonary zinc levels and pulmonary oxidative-inflammatory responses 72 h after ZnONP instillation was determined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Instilled ZnONPs altered zinc balance and increased the levels of total cells, neutrophils, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and total protein in BALF and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in blood after 72 h. The ZnONPs accumulated predominantly in the lungs over 24 h, and trivial amounts of zinc were determined in the heart, liver, kidneys and blood. Furthermore, the inflammatory-oxidative responses induced by occupationally relevant levels of 1.1 and 4.9 mg/m(3) of ZnONP inhalation for 2 weeks were determined in BALF and blood at 1, 7 and 30 days post-exposure. Histopathological examinations of the rat lungs and hearts were performed. Inhalation of ZnONP caused an inflammatory cytological profile. The total cell, neutrophil, LDH and total protein levels were acutely increased in the BALF, and there was an inflammatory pathology in the lungs. There were subchronic levels of white blood cells, granulocytes and 8-OHdG in the blood. Cardiac inflammation and the development of fibrosis were detected 7 days after exposure. Degeneration and necrosis of the myocardium were detected 30 days after exposure. The results demonstrate that ZnONPs cause cardiopulmonary impairments. These findings highlight the occupational health effects for ZnONP-exposed workers.
- Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Sep;8:593-604. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.809809. Epub 2013 Jun 25.
- Abstract Exposure to zinc oxide (ZnO) metal fumes is linked to adverse human health effects; however, the hazards of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) remain unclear. To determine pulmonary exposure to occupationally relevant ZnONPs cause cardiopulmonary injury, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to ZnONPs v
- PMID 23738974
- A comprehensive analysis of oxidative stress in the ozone-induced lung inflammation mouse model.
- Wiegman CH, Li F, Clarke CJ, Jazrawi E, Kirkham P, Barnes PJ, Adcock IM, Chung KF.Author information *Airways Disease Section, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, U.K.AbstractOzone is an oxidizing environmental pollutant that contributes significantly to respiratory health. Exposure to increased levels of ozone has been associated with worsening of symptoms of patients with asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). In the present study, we investigated the acute and chronic effects of ozone exposure-induced oxidative stress-related inflammation mechanics in mouse lung. In particular, we investigated the oxidative stress-induced effects on HDAC2 (histone deacetylase 2) modification and activation of the Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2) and HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α) signalling pathways. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ozone (3 p.p.m.) for 3 h a day, twice a week for a period of 1, 3 or 6 weeks. Control mice were exposed to normal air. After the last exposure, mice were killed for BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage) fluid and lung tissue collection. BAL total cell counts were elevated at all of the time points studied. This was associated with increased levels of chemokines and cytokines in all ozone-exposed groups, indicating the presence of a persistent inflammatory environment in the lung. Increased inflammation and Lm (mean linear intercept) scores were observed in chronic exposed mice, indicating emphysematous changes were present in lungs of chronic exposed mice. The antioxidative stress response was active (indicated by increased Nrf2 activity and protein) after 1 week of ozone exposure, but this ability was lost after 3 and 6 weeks of ozone exposure. The transcription factor HIF-1α was elevated in 3- and 6-week ozone-exposed mice and this was associated with increased gene expression levels of several HIF-1α target genes including Hdac2 (histone deacetylase 2), Vegf (vascular endothelial growth factor), Keap1 (kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) and Mif (macrophage migration inhibitory factor). HDAC2 protein was found to be phosphorylated and carbonylated in nuclear and cytoplasm fractions, respectively, and was associated with a decrease in DNA-binding activity and protein expression of HDAC2. Decreased HDAC2 activity, most likely a direct result of protein modification, in combination with the loss of the antioxidative stress response and activation of the HIF-1α pathway, contribute to the inflammatory response and emphysema observed in ozone-exposed mice.
- Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2014 Mar 1;126(6):425-40. doi: 10.1042/CS20130039.
- Ozone is an oxidizing environmental pollutant that contributes significantly to respiratory health. Exposure to increased levels of ozone has been associated with worsening of symptoms of patients with asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). In the present study, we investigated the
- PMID 24040961
Japanese Journal
- Effects of pentobarbital, isoflurane, or medetomidine–midazolam–butorphanol anesthesia on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood chemistry in rats
- The Journal of toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Japanese Society of Toxicology 41(5), 595-604, 2016-10
- NAID 40020986612
- 研究・症例 気管支肺胞洗浄液中(1→3)-β-D-glucan高値を認めた急性好酸球性肺炎の1例
- Exogenous S100A4 Protein Attenuates Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice by Reducing the Levels of Fibroblast Growth Factors
Related Links
- Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a medical procedure in which a bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into the lungs and fluid is squirted into a small part of the lung and then recollected for examination. BAL is typically ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, bronchial lavage fluid, BALF
- 同
- 肺胞洗浄液
- 関
- 気管支肺胞洗浄
Tリンパ球サブセット(CD4/CD8比)
[★]
- 英
- bronchoalveolar lavage fluid、lung lavage fluid、alveolar lavage fluid
- 関
- 気管支肺胞洗浄液、肺洗浄液
[★]
- 関
- alveolar lavage fluid、bronchial lavage fluid、bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
[★]
- 関
- alveolar lavage fluid、BALF、bronchoalveolar lavage fluid、lung lavage fluid
[★]
- 関
- bronchial lavage fluid、bronchoalveolar lavage fluid、lung lavage fluid
[★]
- 関
- cleaning、cleansing、irrigate、irrigation、wash、washing
[★]
- 関
- grippe、influenza
[★]
- 同
- BALF