WordNet

of or characteristic of low rank or importance
one of lesser rank or station or quality
having an orbit between the sun and the Earths orbit; "Mercury and Venus are inferior planets"
lower than a given reference point; "inferior alveolar artery"
of low or inferior quality
suggestive of a thyroid disorder; "thyroid personality"
of or relating to the thyroid gland; "thyroid deficiency"; "thyroidal uptake" (同)thyroidal

PrepTutorEJDIC

(階級・親分・質・程度などが)『下の』,『劣る』, / (位置が)低い,下方の / 目下の者;劣った人
甲状腺 / 甲状腺の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/26 09:12:49」(JST)

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The inferior thyroid artery is an artery in the neck. It arises from the thyrocervical trunk and passes upward, in front of the vertebral artery and longus colli muscle. It then turns medially behind the carotid sheath and its contents, and also behind the sympathetic trunk, the middle cervical ganglion resting upon the vessel.

Reaching the lower border of the thyroid gland it divides into two branches, which supply the postero-inferior parts of the gland, and anastomose with the superior thyroid artery, and with the corresponding artery of the opposite side.

Structure

The branches of the inferior thyroid artery are the inferior laryngeal, the oesophageal, the tracheal, the ascending cervical and the pharyngeal arteries.

The inferior laryngeal artery climbs the trachea to the back part of the larynx under cover of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. It is accompanied by the recurrent nerve, and supplies the muscles and mucous membrane of this part, anastomosing with the branch from the opposite side, and with the superior laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid artery.

The tracheal branches of the inferior thyroid artery are distributed on the trachea, and anastomose below with the bronchial arteries.

The esophageal branches of the inferior thyroid artery supply the esophagus, and anastomose with the esophageal branches of the aorta.

The ascending cervical artery is a small branch which arises from the inferior thyroid artery as it passes behind the carotid sheath; it runs up on the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae in the interval between the anterior scalene muscle and the longus capitis. The ascending cervical artery gives twigs to the neck muscles and these anastomose with branches of the vertebral arteries. One or two spinal branches are sent into the spinal canal, through the intervertebral foramina to be distributed to the spinal cord and its membranes, and to the bodies of the vertebrae. It then anastomoses with the ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries.

The pharyngeal branches of the inferior thyroid artery supply the pharynx.

The glandular branches of the inferior thyroid artery are small branches which directly supply the thyroid gland.

Clinical significance

The relationship between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid artery is highly variable.^[1] The recurrent laryngeal nerve passes upward generally behind, but occasionally in front of, the inferior thyroid artery. This makes it vulnerable to injury during surgery that involves ligating the inferior thyroid artery, such as excision of the lower pole of the thyroid gland.

The injection of dye into the inferior thyroid artery can be used as an alternate method in identification the recurrent laryngeal nerve.^[2]

Additional images

The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum. Seen from behind.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ Yalçin B (February 2006). "Anatomic configurations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid artery". Surgery 139 (2): 181–7. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2005.06.035. PMID 16455326.
^ Hepgul G, Kucukyilmaz M, Koc O, Duzkoylu Y, Sari YS, Erbil Y (2013). "The identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve by injection of blue dye into the inferior thyroid artery in elusive locations". Journal of Thyroid Research 2013: 539274. doi:10.1155/2013/539274. PMC 3563180. PMID 23401846.

External links

lesson5 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (antthyroidgland)
Yalçin B (February 2006). "Anatomic configurations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid artery". Surgery 139 (2): 181–7. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2005.06.035. PMID 16455326.
Anatomy photo:32:06-0100 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Larynx: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and Inferior Laryngeal Artery"

UpToDate Contents

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1. 甲状腺の外科解剖学 surgical anatomy of the thyroid gland
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5. 副甲状腺の外科解剖学 surgical anatomy of the parathyroid glands

English Journal

Middle thymothyroid artery arising from the common carotid artery: case report of a rare variation.

Banneheka S1, Chiba S, Fukazawa M, Tokita K, Arakawa T, Suzuki R, Miyawaki M, Kumaki K.
Anatomical science international.Anat Sci Int.2010 Dec;85(4):241-4. doi: 10.1007/s12565-009-0055-9. Epub 2009 Aug 13.
A middle thymothyroid artery, arising from the anterior aspect of the right common carotid as an anomalous branch was observed in a 71-year-old Japanese male cadaver. It soon divided into a thyroidea ima artery, a branch supplying the sternoclavicular joints, and a thymic branch. In addition, twigs
PMID 19680744

[Analysis of 27 cases of defect restoration using infrahyoid myocutaneous flap after intraoral cancer surgery].

Li B1, Li CH, Guo H, Chen J, Wang SX.
Zhonghua er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery.Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi.2008 Nov;43(11):826-9.
OBJECTIVE: To compare different surgical techniques and clinical effectiveness using infrahyoid myocutaneous flap to restore effects after intraoral cancer surgery.METHODS: It is a retrospective study in Sichuan cancer hospital, from May 1994 to March 2007, 27 cases were treated surgically with unil
PMID 19267973

A retrotracheal right subclavian artery in association with a vertebral artery and thyroidea ima.

Loukas M1, Louis RG Jr, Gaspard J, Fudalej M, Tubbs RS, Merbs W.
Folia morphologica.Folia Morphol (Warsz).2006 Aug;65(3):236-41.
The retro-oesophageal right subclavian artery is an anatomical abnormality encountered by anatomists and pathologists and, more recently, interventional cardiologists and thoracic surgeons with an incidence of 0.2-2% in the population. We report a case of a retrotracheal right subclavian artery whic
PMID 16988923

「下甲状腺動脈」

Inferior thyroid artery
	Thyrocervical trunk and its branches, including inferior thyroid artery. Superficial dissection of the right side of the neck.
	Human parathyroid glands
Details
Latin	Arteria thyreoidea inferior
Source	Thyrocervical trunk
Vein	Inferior thyroid veins
Supplies	Thyroid gland
Identifiers
Gray's	p.581
Dorlands; /Elsevier	a_61/12156378
TA	A12.2.08.043
FMA	10662
	Anatomical terminology