WordNet

the extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary; "the area of a rectangle"; "it was about 500 square feet in area" (同)expanse, surface_area
a part of a structure having some specific characteristic or function; "the spacious cooking area provided plenty of room for servants"
a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography); "it was a mountainous area"; "Bible country" (同)country
a part of an animal that has a special function or is supplied by a given artery or nerve; "in the abdominal region" (同)region
a subject of study; "it was his area of specialization"; "areas of interest include..."
a unit of surface area equal to 100 square meters (同)ar

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉〈C〉『面積』 / 〈C〉『地域』,『地方』(region, district) / 〈C〉(活動・研究・興味などの及ぶ)『範囲』,『領域』(range)《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《英》=areaway 1
…『である』,…です(beの二人称の単数とすべての人称の複数の直説法現在形)
アール(メートル法の面積単位;100平方メートル)
are (面積の単位)の変形

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/17 22:32:28」(JST)

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English Journal

Effect of water content and flour particle size on gluten-free bread quality and digestibility.

de la Hera E1, Rosell CM2, Gomez M3.Author information 1Food Technology Area, E.T.S. Ingenierías Agrarias, University of Valladolid, Edificio La Yutera, Avenida Madrid, 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain; Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avenida Agustin Escardino, 7, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain.2Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), Avenida Agustin Escardino, 7, Paterna 46980, Valencia, Spain.3Food Technology Area, E.T.S. Ingenierías Agrarias, University of Valladolid, Edificio La Yutera, Avenida Madrid, 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain. Electronic address: pallares@iaf.uva.es.AbstractThe impact of dough hydration level and particle size distribution of the rice flour on the gluten free bread quality and in vitro starch hydrolysis was studied. Rice flour was fractionated in fine and coarse parts and mixed with different amounts of water (70%, 90% and 110% hydration levels) and the rest of ingredients used for making gluten free bread. A larger bread specific volume was obtained when coarser fraction and great dough hydration (90-110%) were combined. The crumb texture improved when increasing dough hydration, although that effect was more pronounced when breads were obtained from a fine fraction. The estimated glycaemic index was higher in breads with higher hydration (90-110%). Slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) increased in the coarse flour breads. The coarse fraction complemented with a great dough hydration (90-110%) was the most suitable combination for developing rice bread when considering the bread volume and crumb texture. However, the lowest dough hydration limited starch gelatinization and hindered the in vitro starch digestibility.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 May 15;151:526-31. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.115. Epub 2013 Nov 27.
The impact of dough hydration level and particle size distribution of the rice flour on the gluten free bread quality and in vitro starch hydrolysis was studied. Rice flour was fractionated in fine and coarse parts and mixed with different amounts of water (70%, 90% and 110% hydration levels) and th
PMID 24423566

Antibiotic resistance of Lactobacillus pentosus and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides isolated from naturally-fermented Aloreña table olives throughout fermentation process.

Casado Muñoz Mdel C1, Benomar N1, Lerma LL1, Gálvez A1, Abriouel H2.Author information 1Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.2Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain. Electronic address: hikmate@ujaen.es.AbstractAntimicrobial resistance of Lactobacillus pentosus (n=59) and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (n=13) isolated from Aloreña green table olives (which are naturally-fermented olives from Málaga, Spain) to 15 antibiotics was evaluated. Most Lb. pentosus (95%) and all Lc. pseudomesenteroides were resistant to at least three antibiotics. Principal component analysis determined that the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in LAB throughout the fermentation process was highly dependent on the fermenter where the fermentation took place. All Lb. pentosus and Lc. pseudomesenteroides strains were highly sensitive to amoxicillin and ampicillin (MIC≤2μg/ml), and also to chloramphenicol (MIC≤4μg/ml), gentamicin and erythromycin (MIC≤16μg/ml). However, they were phenotypically resistant to streptomycin (83-100%, MIC>256μg/ml), vancomycin and teicoplanin (70-100%, MIC>128μg/ml), trimethoprim (76% of Lb. pentosus and 15% of Lc. pseudomesenteroides, MIC>128μg/ml), trimethoprim/sulfomethoxazol (71-100%, MIC>4-64μg/ml) and cefuroxime (44% of Lb. pentosus and 85% of Lc. pseudomesenteroides, MIC>32-128μg/ml). Lb. pentosus was susceptible to tetracycline and clindamycin, while 46% of Lc. pseudomesenteroides strains were resistant to these antibiotics. Only Lb. pentosus strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin (70%, MIC>4-64μg/ml), although no mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions of the genes encoding GyrA and ParC were found, thus indicating an intrinsic resistance. Similarly, no genes encoding possible transferable resistance determinants for the observed phenotypic resistance were detected by PCR. In some cases, a bimodal distribution of MICs was observed for some antibiotics to which both LAB species exhibited resistance. Nevertheless, such resistances resulted from an intrinsic mechanism, non-transferable or non-acquired resistance determinants which may in part be due to chromosomally encoded efflux pumps (NorA, MepA and MdeA). Results of the present study demonstrate that all Lb. pentosus and Lc. pseudomesenteroides strains lack transferable resistance-related genes (cat, bla, blaZ, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA/B, ereA, ereB, mphA, mefA, tet(M), tet(O), tet(S), tet(W), tet(L), tet(K), aad(E), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia, aph(2')-Ib, aph(2')-Ic, aph(2')-Id, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia, dfrA, dfrD, vanA, vanB, vanC and vanE) and should therefore, according to Qualified Presumption of Safety criteria, be considered safe for future application as starter cultures or as probiotics.
International journal of food microbiology.Int J Food Microbiol.2014 Feb 17;172:110-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.11.025. Epub 2013 Dec 3.
Antimicrobial resistance of Lactobacillus pentosus (n=59) and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (n=13) isolated from Aloreña green table olives (which are naturally-fermented olives from Málaga, Spain) to 15 antibiotics was evaluated. Most Lb. pentosus (95%) and all Lc. pseudomesenteroides were resi
PMID 24370969

Peri- and intra-implant bone response to microporous Ti coatings with surface modification.

Braem A1, Chaudhari A2, Vivan Cardoso M2, Schrooten J3, Duyck J2, Vleugels J3.Author information 1Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - bus 2450, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. Electronic address: Annabel.Braem@mtm.kuleuven.be.2Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT Research Group, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 blok a - bus 7001, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.3Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 - bus 2450, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium.AbstractBone growth on and into implants exhibiting substantial surface porosity is a promising strategy in order to improve the long-term stable fixation of bone implants. However, the reliability in clinical applications remains a point of discussion. Most attention has been dedicated to the role of macroporosity, leading to the general consensus of a minimal pore size of 50-100μm in order to allow bone ingrowth. In this in vivo study, we assessed the feasibility of early bone ingrowth into a predominantly microporous Ti coating with an average thickness of 150μm and the hypothesis of improving the bone response through surface modification of the porous coating. Implants were placed in the cortical bone of rabbit tibiae for periods of 2 and 4weeks and evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Bone with osteocytes encased in the mineralized matrix was found throughout the porous Ti coating up to the coating/substrate interface, highlighting that osseointegration of microporosities (<10μm) was achievable. The bone trabeculae interweaved with the pore struts, establishing a large contact area which might enable an improved load transfer and stronger implant/bone interface. Furthermore, there was a clear interconnection with the surrounding cortical bone, suggesting that mechanical interlocking of the coating in the host bone in the long term is possible. When surface modifications inside the porous structure further reduced the interconnective pore size to the submicrometer level, bone ingrowth was impaired. On the other hand, application of a sol-gel-derived bioactive glass-ceramic coating without altering the pore characteristics was found to significantly improve bone regeneration around the coating, while still supporting bone ingrowth.
Acta biomaterialia.Acta Biomater.2014 Feb;10(2):986-95. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.10.017. Epub 2013 Oct 22.
Bone growth on and into implants exhibiting substantial surface porosity is a promising strategy in order to improve the long-term stable fixation of bone implants. However, the reliability in clinical applications remains a point of discussion. Most attention has been dedicated to the role of macro
PMID 24161385

Japanese Journal

<Session 6: Wildlife Tracking II>Fine-scale movement of Adélie penguins commuting to and from foraging sites

Takagi Junichi,Mitamura Hiromichi,Noda Takuji,Takahashi Akinori
20th Symposium of the International Society on Biotelemetry Proceedings, 109-109, 2014-05
… Here, we studied the fine-scale movement of Adélie penguins using GPS-depth loggers at the Hukuro Cove colony, located in the fast sea-ice area of Antarctica. … Traveling speed and straightness index (calculated as the ratio between distance travelled and beeline distance) were 0.78 m/sec and 0.72 in swimming along cracks, and 0.44 m/sec and 0.88 in walking over sea-ice. …
NAID 120005439560

円形アレイと実音源の差分に基づくエリア再生

岡本拓磨
聴覚研究会資料 = Proceedings of the auditory research meeting 44
NAID 40020088169

Usefulness of Ultraviolet-Microscopic Spectroscopy on Unstained Cells by Liquid-Based Cytology for Objective Differentiation between Non-Cancer from Cancer Cells

Yoshioka Haruhiko,Hoshiai Keita,Nakamura Toshiya,Sato Tatsusuke,Washiya Kiyotada,Watanabe Jun
弘前医学 65(1), 82-94, 2014-04-15
… The sample measurement region was a 166.4-μm2 area in the nuclear region of sample cells. … On discriminant analysis, a linear discriminant function: Z=0.61 x transmittance（ 300 nm） - 44.02, was obtained. …
NAID 120005429845