WordNet

the extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary; "the area of a rectangle"; "it was about 500 square feet in area" (同)expanse, surface_area
a part of a structure having some specific characteristic or function; "the spacious cooking area provided plenty of room for servants"
a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography); "it was a mountainous area"; "Bible country" (同)country
a part of an animal that has a special function or is supplied by a given artery or nerve; "in the abdominal region" (同)region
a subject of study; "it was his area of specialization"; "areas of interest include..."
a unit of surface area equal to 100 square meters (同)ar

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉〈C〉『面積』 / 〈C〉『地域』,『地方』(region, district) / 〈C〉(活動・研究・興味などの及ぶ)『範囲』,『領域』(range)《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《英》=areaway 1
…『である』,…です(beの二人称の単数とすべての人称の複数の直説法現在形)
アール(メートル法の面積単位;100平方メートル)
are (面積の単位)の変形

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/04 16:56:01」(JST)

wiki en

Brodmann area 44, or BA44, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated just anterior to premotor cortex (BA6) and on the lateral surface, inferior to BA9.

This area is also known as pars opercularis (of the inferior frontal gyrus), and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human it corresponds approximately to the opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus (H). Thus, it is bounded caudally by the inferior precentral sulcus (H) and rostrally by the anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus (H). It surrounds the diagonal sulcus (H). In the depth of the lateral sulcus it borders on the insula. Cytoarchitectonically it is bounded caudally and dorsally by the agranular frontal area 6, dorsally by the granular frontal area 9 and rostrally by the triangular area 45 (Brodmann-1909).

Functions

Together with left-hemisphere BA 45, the left hemisphere^[1] BA 44 comprises Broca's area a region involved in semantic tasks. Some data suggest that BA44 is more involved in phonological and syntactic processing. Some recent findings also suggest the implication of this region in music perception.^[2] Recent neuroimaging studies show BA44 involvement in selective response suppression in go/no- go tasks and is therefore believed to play an important role in the suppression of response tendencies.^[3] Neuroimaging studies also demonstrate that area 44 is related to hand movements.^[4]

Trivia

Scott Flansburg of San Diego, California is a "human calculator" who can perform complex arithmetic in his head. Profiled on the TV show Stan Lee's Superhumans, his brain was scanned using fMRI while doing complex calculations, which showed brain activity in this region was absent. Instead there was activity somewhat higher from area 44 and closer to the motor cortex.^[5]^{[citation needed]}

Image

Animation.
Frontal view.
Lateral view.

Notes and references

^ In 95.5% of right-handers and 61.4% of left-handers, therefore about 92% of the clinical population, speech is lateralised in the left hemisphere.
^ Brown, Steven, Michael J. Martinez, and Lawrence M. Parsons (2006). "Music and language side by side in the brain: a PET study of the generation of melodies and sentences" (PDF). European Journal of Neuroscience 23: 2791–2803. doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04785.x. PMID 16817882.
^ Forstmann, Birte U.; Van den Wildenberg, Wery P.M. and Ridderinkhof, Richard K (2008). Neural Mechanisms, Temporal Dynamics, and Individual Differences in Interference Control. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20:10, pp. 1854-65.
^ Rizzolatti, G., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2002). "Motor and cognitive functions of the ventral premotor cortex". Current Opinion in Neurobiology 12: 149–154. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00308-2. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
^ "Electro Man: Episode 101". Stan Lee's Superhumans. August 5, 2011.

External links

For Neuroanatomy of this area visit BrainInfo

This neuroanatomy article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 大動脈弁狭窄症における大動脈弁口面積 aortic valve area in aortic stenosis
2. 失語症患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with aphasia
3. 菌状息肉腫およびSézary症候群の病期分類と予後 staging and prognosis of mycosis fungoides and sezary syndrome
4. 成人における抗癌剤の投与 dosing of anticancer agents in adults
5. 熱傷の分類 classification of burns

English Journal

Integrative analyses of proteomics and RNA transcriptomics implicate mitochondrial processes, protein folding pathways and GWAS loci in Parkinson disease.

Dumitriu A1, Golji J2, Labadorf AT3, Gao B4, Beach TG5, Myers RH6,7, Longo KA8, Latourelle JC9.
BMC medical genomics.BMC Med Genomics.2016 Jan 21;9(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s12920-016-0164-y.
BACKGROUND: Parkinson disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (SNCA) and other proteins in aggregates termed "Lewy Bodies" within neurons. PD has both genetic and environmental risk factors, and while processes leading to aberrant protein aggr
PMID 26793951

How the brain learns how few are "many": An fMRI study of the flexibility of quantifier semantics.

Heim S1, McMillan CT2, Clark R3, Baehr L2, Ternes K2, Olm C2, Min NE2, Grossman M2.
NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2016 Jan 15;125:45-52. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.035. Epub 2015 Oct 17.
Previous work has shown that the meaning of a quantifier such as "many" or "few" depends in part on quantity. However, the meaning of a quantifier may vary depending on the context, e.g. in the case of common entities such as "many ants" (perhaps several thousands) compared to endangered species suc
PMID 26481678

Where language meets meaningful action: a combined behavior and lesion analysis of aphasia and apraxia.

Weiss PH1,2, Ubben SD3,4, Kaesberg S5,6, Kalbe E7, Kessler J8, Liebig T9, Fink GR10,11.
Brain structure & function.Brain Struct Funct.2016 Jan;221(1):563-76. doi: 10.1007/s00429-014-0925-3. Epub 2014 Oct 29.
It is debated how language and praxis are co-represented in the left hemisphere (LH). As voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping in LH stroke patients with aphasia and/or apraxia may contribute to this debate, we here investigated the relationship between language and praxis deficits at the behavioral an
PMID 25352157