n.

(医)卒中、卒中発作

関: acute stroke、apoplectic、apoplectic stroke、apoplexia、apoplexia cerebri、cerebral apoplexy、cerebral stroke、cerebrovascular accident、cerebrovascular stroke、CVA、extravasation、stroke

同: apoplexia

WordNet

pertaining to or characteristic of apoplexy; "apoplectic seizure"

PrepTutorEJDIC

脳卒中
脳卒中の,卒中性の / 卒中を起こした / (怒ったりして)ひきつけた

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/03 01:29:04」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Apoplexy (from Ancient Greek ἀποπληξία, meaning "a striking away") is bleeding within internal organs and the accompanying symptoms. For example, ovarian apoplexy is bleeding in the ovaries. The term formerly referred to what is now called a stroke;^[1] nowadays, health care professionals typically specify the type of apoplexy, such as cerebral, ovarian and pituitary apoplexy.

Informally, apoplexy is associated with being furious, especially as "apoplectic."^[2]

Historical meaning

From the late 14th to the late 19th century,^[3] apoplexy referred to any sudden death that began with a sudden loss of consciousness, especially one in which the victim died within a matter of seconds after losing consciousness. The word apoplexy may have been used to refer to the symptom of sudden loss of consciousness immediately preceding death. Ruptured aortic aneurysms, and even heart attacks and strokes were referred to as apoplexy in the past, because before the advent of medical science there was little ability to differentiate pathoses because there was very little accurate understanding of physiology in general.

Hemorrhage

Because the term by itself is now ambiguous, it is often coupled with a descriptive adjective to indicate the site of bleeding. For example, bleeding within the pituitary gland is called pituitary apoplexy, and bleeding within the adrenal glands can be called adrenal apoplexy.

Apoplexy also includes hemorrhaging with the gland and accompanying neurological problems such as confusion, headache, and impairment of consciousness.

Deaths attributed to apoplexy

Georgius Agricola
Louisa May Alcott
Ethan Allen
Isaac Ambrose
Frederick Lothrop Ames^[4]
John Albion Andrew
John Andrews
William Apess
Johann Sebastian Bach
Paul Baloff
Colonel James Barclay
Catharine Beecher
Joachim du Bellay
Sam Bernard
Marie-Henri Beyle (Stendhal)
Thomas William Booker-Blakemore
Jean de La Bruyère
Al Capone^[5]
Catherine the Great
Jean-François Champollion
Charles II of England
Robert Chilton
Empress Dowager Cixi^[6]
Menno van Coehoorn
Nicolaus Copernicus
John Frederic Daniell
Prof Dyce Davidson^[7]
Richard Dewhurst
Charles Dickens
Daniel Drawbaugh
Joseph Ducreux^[8]
Gabriel Dumont
Leonhard Euler^[9]
Félix Faure
Johann Christian Fischer
Gustave Flaubert
Jacob Frank
Andrew Freedman
Émile Gaboriau
Asa Bird Gardiner
Orlando Gibbons
George Gordon
Sir Thomas Gresham
Cemal Gürsel
Charles Francis Hall
Winfield Scott Hammond
Template:Thomas Hancock
Lewis Harding
Warren G. Harding
John Haviland
Matthew Henry
Johann Friedrich Herbart
Alois Hitler^[10]
Leopold of Hohenzollern^[11]
Kwan Hoi-San
Edward Jenner
Pope John XII
Fred Jones

Robert William Lawrence
Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Emich
Charles Le Gendre
Harry Ward Leonard^[12]
Toussaint Louverture
William Lyon Mackenzie
James Lucas
Marcello Malpighi
Field Marshal Erich von Manstein^[13]
William Marsden
Pope Martin V
Felix Mendelssohn
Moses Mendelssohn^[14]
Stephen Nehmé
Pope Nicholas III
Ethelbert Woodbridge Nevin
Michel Ordener^[15]
Samuel Parkes VC
Thomas Patch^[16]
Jan Patočka
Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice^[17]
Emlen Physick
Petrarch^[14]
John Pölzl^[18]
Samuel Prout
Stamford Raffles
William Leman Rede
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Elizabeth Singer Rowe
Edward Rutledge
John Ryle
Isaiah Rynders
Francis de Sales
Swami Saradananda
James Savage^[19]
Mary Seacole
Dionysios Solomos
Agostino Steffani
Pope-elect Stephen
Robert Louis Stevenson^[20]
Thomas Noon Talfourd
Jerry Thomas
Valentinian
Horace Vere
Swami Vivekananda
Joseph Weizenbaum
General Josiah Porter
Louis Wigfall
Isaac Wilson
Woodrow Wilson
John Wycliffe
Frederick T. B. Young
William Ziegler
Captain William Fowler
Edmund Blacket
Arthur Stilwell
Martin Luther
Eugen Cicero
Roger Cicero

References

^ Apoplexy at MedicineNet.com.
^ Collins World English Dictionary: apoplexy
^ OED Online, 2010, Oxford University Press. 7 February 2011
^ "F.L. AMES'S SUDDEN DEATH". New York, NY: New York Times. 14 September 1893. p. 8. Retrieved 18 February 2016. Death was caused by apoplexy
^ The New York Times, January 26, 1947: "Capone Dead at 48". The New York Times. January 26, 1947. Archived from the original on 9 October 2010. Retrieved October 12, 2010.
^ The New York Times, November 20, 1908: "Dowager Empress died of Apoplexy". The New York Times. November 20, 1908. Retrieved April 25, 2010.
^ British Medical Journal, 30 October 1886
^ Pastel and pastellists, February 13, 2013: "Joseph DUCREUX" (PDF). Retrieved April 30, 2013.
^ "Leonhard Euler (1707–1783)".
^ Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler, 4%
^ [1] Archived August 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
^ The New York Times, February 19, 1915: "H. Ward Leonard Dies -Electrical Inventor Stricken". The New York Times.
^ Melvin, Mungo (2011). Manstein: Hitler's Greatest General. London: Phoenix Orion Books. p. 503. ISBN 978-0-7538-2853-3.
^ ^a ^b Ferguson Nisbet, John. The Insanity of Genius and the General Inequality of Human Faculty. Elibron Classics. ISBN 1-4212-7299-7.
^ St. Hilaire, "Military Household of the Emperor." Sixth Book, 1806. Napoleon Series. Robert Burnham, editor in chief. September 2005. Accessed 18 May 2010. (French) Mullié Charles. "Michel Ordener." Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 à 1850, Paris, 1852.
^ "Letter of Horace Mann to Horace Walpole, 30 April 1782". Images.library.yale.edu. 2013-04-17. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
^ "The New Administration". The Illustrated London News (Illustrated London News & Sketch Limited). 7 July 1866.
^ "Polk County Journal (Crookston, MN), July 7, 1905 to December 28, 1905, Volume XXX, Page 170 | Document Viewer". Mocavo.com. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
^ Craik, Alex D. D. (2008). Mr Hopkins' Men: Cambridge Reform and British Mathematics in the 19th Century. London: Springer. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-84800-132-9.
^ The New York Times, December 18, 1894: "Death of R.L. Stevenson". The New York Times. Retrieved April 25, 2010.

External links

The dictionary definition of apoplexy at Wiktionary

UpToDate Contents

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1. 下垂体機能低下症の原因 causes of hypopituitarism
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5. 下垂体機能低下症の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of hypopituitarism

English Journal

Fully automated calculation of image-derived input function in simultaneous PET/MRI in a sheep model.

Jochimsen TH1, Zeisig V2, Schulz J3, Werner P2, Patt M2, Patt J2, Dreyer AY4,5, Boltze J4,5,6, Barthel H2, Sabri O2, Sattler B2.
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BACKGROUND: Locked-in syndrome, although a notoriously famous clinical entity, the rarity of the condition coupled with the variability of clinical features on acute presentation represents a potential diagnostic pitfall for the emergency physician.CASE: A previously healthy 25-year-old female was b
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Short-term diagnostic stability of probable headache disorders based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition beta version, in first-visit patients: a multicenter follow-up study.

Kim BS1, Moon HS2, Sohn JH3, Cha MJ4, Song TJ5, Kim JM6, Park JW7, Park KY8, Cho SJ9, Kim SK10.
The journal of headache and pain.J Headache Pain.2016 Dec;17(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s10194-016-0605-1. Epub 2016 Feb 19.
BACKGROUND: A "Probable headache disorder" is diagnosed when a patient's headache fulfills all but one criterion of a headache disorder in the 3rd beta edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorder (ICHD-3β). We investigated diagnostic changes in probable headache disorders in fi
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Near-infrared measurements of brain oxygenation in stroke.

Moreau F1, Yang R2, Nambiar V3, Demchuk AM4, Dunn JF5.
Neurophotonics.Neurophotonics.2016 Jul;3(3):031403. doi: 10.1117/1.NPh.3.3.031403. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
We investigated the feasibility of using frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (fdNIRS) to study brain oxygenation in the first few hours of stroke onset. The OxiplexTS(®) fdNIRS system was used in this study. Using a standard probing protocol based on surface landmarks, we measured brain tHb
PMID 26958577

Japanese Journal

下垂体卒中 (特集内分泌緊急症)

福原紀章
内分泌・糖尿病・代謝内科 38(2), 149-152, 2014-02
NAID 40020003246

糖尿病と脳梗塞 (特集糖尿病の神経学revisited)

新堂晃大,冨本秀和
Brain and nerve : 神経研究の進歩 66(2), 107-119, 2014-02
NAID 40019972715

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NAID 40019894154

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Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「下垂体卒中」「溢血」「acute stroke」「apoplectic」「apoplexia cerebri」

「下垂体卒中」

　　[★]

apoplexy
英: pituitary apoplexy
関: 下垂体。下垂体腺腫

概念

下垂体腺腫の存在下で腫瘍内出血や梗塞が高度に急速に生じることで生じる症候

下垂体腺腫は血管に富む。非分泌性腺腫、プロラクチン分泌腺腫に時々見られる(QB.J-203)。

下垂体マクロ腺腫を基礎とすることがほとんどであるが、下垂体ミクロ腺腫、妊娠・分娩時、抗凝固中の発症も報告されている。

疫学

下垂体腫瘍の1-25%に見られる。

誘因

参考1

薬物(ブロモクリプチン、カベルゴリン)
放射線治療
下垂体機能検査(各種の内分泌検査)
糖尿病
外傷
血小板減少症
外科手術
高血圧

出典不明

抗凝固薬投与

症状

突然する激しい頭痛(約90%) = 雷鳴頭痛
視力障害(一側/両側)、視野障害　；約50%
外眼筋麻痺(特にCN III)　；約50%
意識障害　；約10%
項部硬直

検査

頭部単純CT：鞍上槽内の濃染領域

鑑別診断

くも膜下出血、海綿静脈洞血栓、急性髄膜炎、トロサ・ハント症候群

治療

副腎不全の発症に備えて副腎皮質ホルモンの投与を行う。治療開始前に下垂体ホルモンの定量(例えば下垂体前葉機能検査としては、GH、PRL、ACTH、cortisol、TSH、fT3、fT4、FSH、LHを測定)、必要に応じて迅速ACTH負荷試験を行う。下垂体刺激ホルモン負荷試験は下垂体卒中を誘発するので禁忌である。
意識障害がなく、視力・視野障害が無い場合には糖質コルチコイド投与かで保存的経過観察が可能。
意識障害がある、進行性の視力・視野障害がある場合には緊急減圧手術が原則。視力・視野障害の回復は発症から手術までの時間が短くなるほど良好となり、下垂体機能低下症を発症するリスクは下がる。

参考

1. Pituitary tumor apoplexy.

Chang CV, Felicio AC, Toscanini AC, Teixeira MJ, Cunha-Neto MB.SourceHospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil. chang.cv@gmail.com
Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria.Arq Neuropsiquiatr.2009 Jun;67(2A):328-33.
Pituitary tumor apoplexy is a medical emergency due to acute infarction or hemorrhage in the pituitary gland. In this review, the authors discuss the sellar anatomy, the pituitary gland and adenomas' vascularization and the general aspects of the syndrome such as its ethiopatogenesis, predisposing f
PMID 19547836

2. Pituitary apoplexy presenting as Addisonian crisis after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Mattke AF, Vender JR, Anstadt MR.SourceDepartment of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912-4010, USA.
Texas Heart Institute journal / from the Texas Heart Institute of St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital.Tex Heart Inst J.2002;29(3):193-9.
Addisonian crisis, also commonly referred to as adrenal crisis, occurs when the cortisol produced by the adrenal glands is insufficient to meet the body's acute needs. The symptoms are nonspecific and can mimic other processes, such as sepsis. Hypotension, lethargy, and fever can all be presenting s
PMID 12224722