WordNet

a substance that exerts some force or effect
a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission (同)factor, broker
any agent or representative of a federal agency or bureau (同)federal agent
a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations
an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect; "their research uncovered new disease agents"
how long something has existed; "it was replaced because of its age"
a time of life (usually defined in years) at which some particular qualification or power arises; "she was now of school age"; "tall for his eld" (同)eld
begin to seem older; get older; "The death of his wife caused him to age fast"
make older; "The death of his child aged him tremendously"

PrepTutorEJDIC

『代理人』;周旋人 / 働き(作用)を起こすもの;作用物,薬剤 / (政府機関,特にFBI,CIAなどの)部員,機関員
〈U〉(一般に)『年齢』,寿命;〈C〉(個々の)『年齢』,年 / 〈U〉成年(おとなとしての資格・権利を得る年齢;通例18または21歳) / 〈U〉『老齢』;《集合的に》老人たち / 〈U〉(人生の)『一時期』;〈C〉世代(generation) / 〈U〉〈C〉《しばしばA-》(歴史上の)『時代』 / 〈C〉《話》長い間 / 年をとる,ふける;〈物が〉古くなる / 〈年〉'を'とらせる;〈物〉'を'古びさせる

UpToDate Contents

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1. 前立腺癌の危険因子 risk factors for prostate cancer
2. 第一世代（定型）抗精神病剤中毒 first generation typical antipsychotic medication poisoning
3. スルホニル尿素剤中毒 sulfonylurea agent poisoning
4. 転移性乳癌の全身治療：単剤化学療法 systemic treatment for metastatic breast cancer single agent chemotherapy
5. 人工妊娠中絶に対するミソプロストール単独投与 misoprostol as a single agent for medical termination of pregnancy

English Journal

Preparation and characterization of nocodazole-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles.

Genç L.Author information Plant, Drug and Scientific Researches Center of Anadolu University (AUBIBAM) , Eskişehir , Turkey and.AbstractNocodazole (NCD) has more carcinogenic effect than similar drugs. Moreover, it has low drug release time and high particle size. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) have been evaluated for decrease in particle size and therefore increase in drug release time, for such drugs. In this study, NCD has been successfully incorporated into SLNs systems and remained stable for a period of 90 days. NCD structure related to the chemical nature of solid lipid is a key factor to decide whether anticarcinogenic agent will be incorporated in the long term and for a controlled optimization of active ingredient incorporation and loading, intensive characterization of the physical state of the lipid particles were highly essential. Thus, NMR, FT-IR, DSC (for thermal behavior) analyses were performed and the results did not indicate any problem on stability. Moreover, SLNs were decreased size of NCD in addition to increase in time of the drug release. After SLN preparation, particle size, polydispersity index, electrical conductivity and zeta potential were measured and drug release from NCD-loaded SLNs were performed. These values seem to be of the desired range.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Sep;19(6):671-6. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.819017. Epub 2013 Jul 22.
Nocodazole (NCD) has more carcinogenic effect than similar drugs. Moreover, it has low drug release time and high particle size. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) have been evaluated for decrease in particle size and therefore increase in drug release time, for such drugs. In this study, NCD has been
PMID 23869451

Novel Resveratrol-Based Substrates for Human Hepatic, Renal, and Intestinal UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases.

Greer AK1, Madadi NR, Bratton SM, Eddy SD, Mazerska Z, Hendrickson HP, Crooks PA, Radominska-Pandya A.Author information 1Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, and ‡Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States.AbstractTrans-Resveratrol (tRes) has been shown to have powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antiaging properties; however, its use as a therapeutic agent is limited by its rapid metabolism into its conjugated forms by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). The aim of the current study was to test the hypothesis that the limited bioavailability of tRes can be improved by modifying its structure to create analogs which would be glucuronidated at a lower rate than tRes itself. In this work, three synthetic stilbenoids, (E)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (NI-12a), (E)-2,4-dimethoxy-6-(4-methoxystyryl)benzaldehyde oxime (NI-ST-05), and (E)-4-(3,5-dimethoxystyryl)-2,6-dinitrophenol (DNR-1), have been designed based on the structure of tRes and synthesized in our laboratory. UGTs recognize and glucuronidate tRes at each of the 3 hydroxyl groups attached to its aromatic rings. Therefore, each of the above compounds was designed with the majority of the hydroxyl groups blocked by methylation and the addition of other novel functional groups as part of a drug optimization program. The activities of recombinant human UGTs from the 1A and 2B families were examined for their capacity to metabolize these compounds. Glucuronide formation was identified using HPLC and verified by β-glucuronidase hydrolysis and LC-MS/MS analysis. NI-12a was glucuronidated at both the -COOH and -OH functions, NI-ST-05 formed a novel N-O-glucuronide, and no product was observed for DNR-1. NI-12a is primarily metabolized by the hepatic and renal enzyme UGT1A9, whereas NI-ST-05 is primarily metabolized by an extrahepatic enzyme, UGT1A10, with apparent Km values of 240 and 6.2 μM, respectively. The involvement of hepatic and intestinal UGTs in the metabolism of both compounds was further confirmed using a panel of human liver and intestinal microsomes, and high individual variation in activity was demonstrated between donors. In summary, these studies clearly establish that modified, tRes-based stilbenoids may be preferable alternatives to tRes itself due to increased bioavailability via altered conjugation.
Chemical research in toxicology.Chem Res Toxicol.2014 Mar 11. [Epub ahead of print]
Trans-Resveratrol (tRes) has been shown to have powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antiaging properties; however, its use as a therapeutic agent is limited by its rapid metabolism into its conjugated forms by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). The aim of the current stu
PMID 24571610

Null anticarcinogenic effect of silymarin on diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

Imamoto R, Okano JI, Sawada S, Fujise Y, Abe R, Murawaki Y.Author information Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504, Japan.AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the anticarcinogenic effects of silymarin in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenic rat models. Severe and mild models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were generated by the intraperitoneal administration of 40 mg/kg DEN once a week for 18 weeks and 100 mg/kg DEN every 2 weeks for 6 weeks in male Wistar rats, respectively. In the severe and mild models of HCC, the rats were treated with 0.1 and 0.5% silymarin for 18 weeks and with 0.1% silymarin for 5 weeks, respectively. Serum transaminase levels were not significantly decreased by the silymarin treatment in either model. Macroscopic and microscopic features indicated that the silymarin-containing formulations did not significantly inhibit the hepatic tumor formation induced by DEN. Furthermore, immunohistochemical and western blot analyses demonstrated that the expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and glutathione S-transferase P, which are hepatocarcinogenic markers, were not significantly modified by the silymarin treatment. These results indicate that silymarin may not be considered as a candidate agent against hepatocarcinogenesis.
Experimental and therapeutic medicine.Exp Ther Med.2014 Jan;7(1):31-38. Epub 2013 Nov 7.
The aim of this study was to investigate the anticarcinogenic effects of silymarin in diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenic rat models. Severe and mild models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were generated by the intraperitoneal administration of 40 mg/kg DEN once a week for 18 weeks
PMID 24348760

Japanese Journal

緑茶抽出物のニトロソ化抑制効果と疫学調査(第15回公開シンポジウム「食べ物によるがん予防戦略を考える : 生活環境中の植物成分の抗変異・抗発がん作用とそのメカニズム」)

増田修一,内田聖子,寺島結芽子,木苗直秀
環境変異原研究 26(3), 265-273, 2004-12-20
… From these data, it is evident that green tea might be a potential chemopreventive agent to inhibit the formation of N-nitrosamine. …
NAID 110001713963

Ichthyotoxic and Anticarcinogenic Effects of Triterpenoids from Sandoricum koetjape Bark(Toxicology)

ISMAIL Intan Safinar,ITO Hideyuki,MUKAINAKA Teruo,HIGASHIHARA Hiroshi,ENJO Fumio,TOKUDA Harukuni,NISHINO Hoyoku,YOSHIDA Takashi
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 26(9), 1351-1353, 2003-09-01
… Of the triterpenoids active in vitro, koetjapic acid appears to be a promising cancer chemopreventive agent, since it significantly delayed tumor promotion in two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and promoted by TPA. …
NAID 110003608602