WordNet

manage or run; "tend a store"
have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined; "She tends to be nervous before her lectures"; "These dresses run small"; "He inclined to corpulence" (同)be given, lean, incline, run
have care of or look after; "She tends to the children"
of or near the head end or toward the front plane of a body
earlier in time (同)prior
a cord or band of inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment (同)sinew
a bundle of nerve fibers passing from one side to the other of the brain or spinal cord

PrepTutorEJDIC

American College Testing / Australian Capital Territory
〈人が〉(…の)『傾向がある』,(…)しがちである / 〈物事が〉(ある方向に)向かう,(ある状態に)向かう
〈人・動植物など〉‘の'『世話をする』,めんどうをみる / 《米》〈店〉‘の'番をする / 《tend to+名》…に気をつける,心を配る
(場所などが)前の,前部の;(…より)前に位置する《+『to』+『名』》 / (時・事件などが)以前の,先の;(…より)前の《+『to』+『名』》
腱(けん)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 二頭筋腱障害および腱断裂 biceps tendinopathy and tendon rupture
2. 小児または思春期のアスリートにおける足首痛の臨床的特徴およびマネージメント clinical features and management of ankle pain in the child or adolescent athlete
3. 肩関節上方関節唇損傷（SLAP損傷） superior labrum anterior posterior slap tears
4. 大腿四頭筋腱の損傷 quadriceps muscle and tendon injuries
5. 女性の骨盤臓器脱：後膣壁脱の外科的修復 pelvic organ prolapse in women surgical repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse

English Journal

A classification system for the reconstruction of vertical hemipharyngolaryngectomy for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Kim MS, Joo YH, Cho KJ, Park JO, Sun DI.Author information Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul. entkms@catholic.ac.krAbstractOBJECTIVE: To evaluate microvascular reconstruction of a vertical hemipharyngolaryngectomy (VHPL) defect for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Archives of otolaryngology--head & neck surgery.Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.2011 Jan;137(1):88-94. doi: 10.1001/archoto.2010.210.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate microvascular reconstruction of a vertical hemipharyngolaryngectomy (VHPL) defect for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of medical records.SETTING: Tertiary care referral center.PATIENTS: Thirty-two patients who underwent a VHPL.MAIN OUTCOME
PMID 21242554

[Onco-surgical significance of anatomo-morphological specificity of glottic region of the larynx].

Stanković P, Djukić V, Petrović Z, Mikić A, Djordević V, Janosević Lj.Author information Institut za otorinolaringologiju i maksilofacijalnu hirurgiju Klinicki centar Srbije, Beograd.AbstractGlottis is a medium level of the larynx, involving the vocal cords, vocal process of arytenoid cartilage, and the anterior and posterior commissures. This region of heterogeneous histomorphological structure has specific characteristics: the internal striated muscles, the outer and inner perichondrium, atypical intra-cartilaginous areas of ossification, and unusual muscular insertion to cartilage. Microtomy of 3 thick successive sections was performed at the level of the upper surface of vocal cords. Standard histological staining methods were used. Microphotographs were taken by light microscope under different magnification along with histomorphometric measurements. Cancer spread is partially restricted by anatomic barriers: vocal ligament and tendon of the anterior commissure, and subsequently by the elastic cone. Easier tumor extension may be due to absence of the internal perichondrium and ossification of thyroid cartilage. Microvascularization of the anterior commissure is significant for tumor spread in glottis and paraglottic space. The role of commissural lymph network in local spread of the cancer is completely vague. It is certain that there are causes, still unrecognized, which have an effect on the pathways and direction of malignant tumor spread.
Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica.Acta Chir Iugosl.2004;51(1):13-6.
Glottis is a medium level of the larynx, involving the vocal cords, vocal process of arytenoid cartilage, and the anterior and posterior commissures. This region of heterogeneous histomorphological structure has specific characteristics: the internal striated muscles, the outer and inner perichondri
PMID 15756780

Effects of ageing on the insertion zones of the human vocal fold.

Paulsen F, Kimpel M, Lockemann U, Tillmann B.Author information Department of Anatomy, Christian Albrecht University of Kiel, Germany. fpaulsen@anat.uni-kiel.deAbstractThe vocal ligaments insert at the anterior and posterior commissures of the larynx. These structures fulfil biomechanical functions, balancing the different elastic moduli of tendon, cartilage or bone and undergo age-related changes that may be responsible for voice changes with increasing age. The aim of this study was to analyse the insertion structures of the vocal ligaments by means of macroscopic, histological, immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic methods and to draw conclusions from age-related structural changes on a functional basis. Investigations were carried out on the larynges of 22 males and 15 females (aged 1-95 y). In adolescence, the insertion zone of the vocal ligament tendon, a dense network of connective tissue rich in sulphated glycosaminoglycans at the thyroid cartilage, is characterised by a layer between tendon and cartilage comparable to fibrocartilage. The insertion zone lacks a perichondrium. Collagen fibrils of the vocal ligament tendon penetrate directly into the thyroid cartilage. In the insertion area, the chondrocytes are surrounded by collagen fibrils, which show positive reactivity to antibodies against type I and type III collagen. Sulphated glycosaminoglycans are integrated between the collagen fibrils. In the area of the posterior glottis, elastic cartilage rests like a cap on the hyaline base of the arytenoid cartilage. There is no distinctive border between the structures. With increasing age, ossification of the laryngeal skeleton occurs, involving hyaline cartilage at the posterior glottis and hyaline and fibrocartilage at the anterior commissure. At the same time, a loss or sulphated glycosaminoglycans is observed inside the vocal ligament tendon. Advanced ossification of the laryngeal skeleton, particularly in the area of the commissures, an increasing loss of glycosaminoglycans in the vocal ligament tendon and changes in the elastic tissue reduce the elastic modulus between tendon, cartilage and bone, thus 'stiffening' the insertion zones, which could be one factor among others favouring voice changes with advancing age.
Journal of anatomy.J Anat.2000 Jan;196 ( Pt 1):41-54.
The vocal ligaments insert at the anterior and posterior commissures of the larynx. These structures fulfil biomechanical functions, balancing the different elastic moduli of tendon, cartilage or bone and undergo age-related changes that may be responsible for voice changes with increasing age. The
PMID 10697287