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the 23rd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)w, double-u

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Watt / West; Western
wolfram(=tungsten)の原子記号

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/26 15:03:53」(JST)

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1. ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR) polymerase chain reaction

English Journal

Use of chloromethylstyrene as a supporter for convenient preparation of carbohydrate monomer and glycopolymers.

Matsuoka K1, Kurita A2, Koyama T2, Hatano K2.Author information 1Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan. Electronic address: koji@fms.saitama-u.ac.jp.2Division of Material Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.AbstractA convenient access for glycopolymers was accomplished by using a styrene-modified glycomonomer, which was prepared from chloromethylstyrene as a key starting material and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) as a model carbohydrate. One-step conversion of the styrene derivative gave an azidostyrene, which was treated with a propargyl GlcNAc to afford a carbohydrate monomer after deprotection in good yield. The water-soluble GlcNAc monomer was polymerized with or without acrylamide to give the corresponding white powdery glycopolymers, which were evaluated for their interaction against wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) on the basis of fluorescence change of tryptophan in WGA.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2014 Jul 17;107:209-13. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.104. Epub 2014 Mar 11.
A convenient access for glycopolymers was accomplished by using a styrene-modified glycomonomer, which was prepared from chloromethylstyrene as a key starting material and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) as a model carbohydrate. One-step conversion of the styrene derivative gave an azidostyrene, whi
PMID 24702937

Whole-genome amplification for the detection of molecular targets and minimal residual disease monitoring in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Della Starza I1, De Novi LA, Nunes V, Del Giudice I, Ilari C, Marinelli M, Negulici AD, Vitale A, Chiaretti S, Foà R, Guarini A.Author information 1Haematology, Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Haematology, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy.AbstractAccurate genomic characterization requires sufficient amounts of optimal quality DNA. An approach for increasing the DNA amount is the whole-genome amplification (WGA) method. We applied WGA to the molecular quantification and minimal residual disease (MRD) evaluation of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), aiming to compare the results obtained from genomic DNA and amplified DNA with WGA, and to evaluate the applicability and the reliability of WGA-DNA. Twenty paired samples from adult ALL patients were sequenced to identify the functional germline V-D-J segment at diagnosis; real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) quantitative analysis was performed both at diagnosis and follow-up. Genomic DNA and WGA-DNA screening identified equivalent 87 rearrangements. At diagnosis, the quantitative evaluation of genomic DNA samples showed 1 logarithm difference to WGA-DNA samples; these levels are comparable, being within the degree of acceptability and confidence. In the follow-up samples, RQ-PCR analysis on genomic DNA and WGA showed concordant MRD results in 16/18 samples, while 2/18 were MRD-positive outside the quantitative range by RQ-PCR (i.e. <5 × 10(-5) ) on genomic DNA and MRD-negative on WGA-DNA. WGA-DNA enables: (i) the design of accurate targets for MRD evaluation in ALL patients, (ii) accurate disease quantification at diagnosis, (iii) MRD quantification comparable to genomic DNA.
British journal of haematology.Br J Haematol.2014 May;165(3):341-8. doi: 10.1111/bjh.12744. Epub 2014 Jan 22.
Accurate genomic characterization requires sufficient amounts of optimal quality DNA. An approach for increasing the DNA amount is the whole-genome amplification (WGA) method. We applied WGA to the molecular quantification and minimal residual disease (MRD) evaluation of acute lymphoblastic leukaemi
PMID 24446831

Galectin-1-mediated cell adhesion, invasion and cell death in human anaplastic large cell lymphoma: Regulatory roles of cell surface glycans.

Suzuki O, Abe M.Author information Department of Diagnostic Pathology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.AbstractGalectin-1 is known to be one of the extracellular matrix proteins. To elucidate the biological roles of galectin-1 in cell adhesion and invasion of human anaplastic large cell lymphoma, we performed cell adhesion and invasion assays using the anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell line H-ALCL, which was previously established in our laboratory. From the cell surface lectin array, treatment with neuraminidase from Arthrobacter ureafaciens which cleaves all linkage types of cell surface sialic acid enhanced Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Helix pomatia (HPA) and Phaseolus vulgaris-L (L-PHA) lectin binding reactivity to cell surface of lymphoma cells suggesting that neuraminidase removes cell surface sialic acid. In cell adhesion and invasion assays treatment with neuraminidase markedly enhanced cell adhesion to galectin-1 and decreased cell invasive capacity through galectin-1. α2,6-linked sialic acid may be involved in masking the effect of the interaction between galectin-1 and cell surface glycans. H-ALCL cells expressed the β-galactoside-α2,6-sialyltransferase ST6Gal1. On resialylation assay by recombinant ST6Gal1 with CMP-Neu5Ac, α2,6-resialylation of L-PHA reactive oligosaccharide by ST6Gal1 resulted in inhibition of H-ALCL cell adhesion to galectin-1 compared to the desialylated H-ALCL cells. On knockdown experiments, knockdown of ST6Gal1 dramatically enhanced cell adhesion to galectin-1. N-glycosylation inhibitor swainsonine treatment resulted in enhancement of cell adhesion to galectin-1. In glycomic analysis using the lectin blocking assay treatment with PNA, Artocarpus integrifolia (Jacalin), Glycine max (SBA), Helix pomatia (HPA), Vicia villosa (VVA), Ulex europaeus (UEA-1), Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), Phaseolus vulgaris-L (L-PHA), Phaseolus vulgaris-E4 (E-PHA), Datura stramonium (DSA) lectins resulted in modulation of lymphoma cell to galectin-1 suggesting that several types of glycans may regulate cell adhesion to galectin-1 by steric hindrance. The adhesive capacity of H-ALCL cells is regulated by phosphatidylinositol 3 phosphate kinase (PI3K) and actin cytoskeleton, and the invasive capacity of H-ALCL cells is regulated by PI3K, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Rho and actin cytoskeleton. Furthermore, galectin-1-induced cell death in H-ALCL cells was accompanied by inhibition of CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity. In conclusion, cell adhesion and invasion to galectin-1 appeared to be regulated by cell surface sialylation and N-glycosylation, and galectin-1 regulates cell death through inhibition of CD45 PTP activity of H-ALCL.
International journal of oncology.Int J Oncol.2014 May;44(5):1433-42. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2319. Epub 2014 Mar 4.
Galectin-1 is known to be one of the extracellular matrix proteins. To elucidate the biological roles of galectin-1 in cell adhesion and invasion of human anaplastic large cell lymphoma, we performed cell adhesion and invasion assays using the anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell line H-ALCL, which w
PMID 24589677