WordNet
- a powerful neurotoxin found in the ovaries of pufferfish
- the 20th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)t
PrepTutorEJDIC
- tritiumの化学記号
- 《略》 teetotal; teetotaller; tuberculin-tested
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/30 08:45:24」(JST)
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- Modulation of synaptic transmission by adenosine in layer 2/3 of the rat visual cortex in vitro.
- Bannon NM1, Zhang P2, Ilin V3, Chistiakova M4, Volgushev M5.Author information 1Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. Electronic address: nicholas.bannon@uconn.edu.2Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. Electronic address: pei.zhang@huskymail.uconn.edu.3Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. Electronic address: vladimir.ilin@uconn.edu.4Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. Electronic address: chistyakovam@gmail.com.5Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. Electronic address: maxim.volgushev@uconn.edu.AbstractAdenosine is a wide-spread endogenous neuromodulator. In the central nervous system it activates A1 and A2A receptors (A1Rs and A2ARs) which have differential distributions, different affinities to adenosine, are coupled to different G-proteins, and have opposite effects on synaptic transmission. Although effects of adenosine are studied in detail in several brain areas, such as the hippocampus and striatum, the heterogeneity of the effects of A1R and A2AR activation and their differential distribution preclude generalization over brain areas and cell types. Here we study adenosine's effects on excitatory synaptic transmission to layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in slices of the rat visual cortex. We measured effects of bath application of adenosine receptor ligands on evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials (mEPSPs), and membrane properties. Adenosine reduced the amplitude of evoked EPSPs and excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), and reduced frequency of mEPSPs in a concentration-dependent and reversible manner. Concurrent with EPSP/C amplitude reduction was an increase in the paired-pulse ratio. These effects were blocked by application of the selective A1R antagonist DPCPX (8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine), suggesting that activation of presynaptic A1Rs suppresses excitatory transmission by reducing release probability. Adenosine (20μM) hyperpolarized the cell membrane from -65.3±1.5 to -67.7±1.8mV, and reduced input resistance from 396.5±44.4 to 314.0±36.3MOhm (∼20%). These effects were also abolished by DPCPX, suggesting postsynaptic A1Rs. Application of the selective A2AR antagonist SCH-58261 (2-(2-furanyl)-7-(2-phenylethyl)-7H-pyrazolo[4,3-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidin-5-a-mine) on the background of high adenosine concentrations revealed an additional decrease in EPSP amplitude. Moreover, application of the A2AR agonist CGS-21680 (4-[2-[[6-amino-9-(N-ethyl-β-d-ribofuranuronamidosyl)-9H-purin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]benzenepropanoic acid hydrochloride) led to an A1R-dependent increase in mEPSP frequency. Dependence of the A2AR effects on the A1R availability suggests interaction between these receptors, whereby A2ARs exert their facilitatory effect on synaptic transmission by inhibiting the A1R-mediated suppression. Our results demonstrate functional pre and postsynaptic A1Rs and presynaptic A2ARs in layer 2/3 of the visual cortex, and suggest interaction between presynaptic A2ARs and A1Rs.
- Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2014 Feb 28;260:171-84. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.018. Epub 2013 Dec 16.
- Adenosine is a wide-spread endogenous neuromodulator. In the central nervous system it activates A1 and A2A receptors (A1Rs and A2ARs) which have differential distributions, different affinities to adenosine, are coupled to different G-proteins, and have opposite effects on synaptic transmission. Al
- PMID 24355495
- Vasopressin indirectly excites dorsal raphe serotonin neurons through activation of the vasopressin1A receptor.
- Rood BD1, Beck SG2.Author information 1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States. Electronic address: roodb@email.chop.edu.2Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States. Electronic address: becks@email.chop.edu.AbstractThe neuropeptide vasopressin (AVP; arginine-vasopressin) is produced in a handful of brain nuclei located in the hypothalamus and extended amygdala and is released both peripherally as a hormone and within the central nervous system as a neurotransmitter. Central projections have been associated with a number of functions including regulation of physiological homeostasis, control of circadian rhythms, and modulation of social behavior. The AVP neurons located in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial amygdala (i.e., extended amygdala) in particular have been associated with affiliative social behavior in multiple species. It was recently demonstrated that in the mouse AVP projections emanating from extended amygdala neurons innervate a number of forebrain and midbrain brain regions including the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), the site of origin of most forebrain-projecting serotonin neurons. Based on the presence of AVP fibers in the DR, we hypothesized that AVP would alter the physiology of serotonin neurons via AVP 1A receptor (V1AR) activation. Using whole-cell electrophysiology techniques, we found that AVP increased the frequency and amplitude of excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs) in serotonin neurons of male mice. The indirect stimulation of serotonin neurons was AMPA/kainate receptor dependent and blocked by the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin, suggesting an effect of AVP on glutamate neurons. Further, the increase in EPSC frequency induced by AVP was blocked by selective V1AR antagonists. Our data suggest that AVP had an excitatory influence on serotonin neurons. This work highlights a new target (i.e., V1AR) for manipulating serotonin neuron excitability. In light of our data, we propose that some of the diverse effects of AVP on physiology and behavior, including social behavior, may be due to activation of the DR serotonin system.
- Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2014 Feb 28;260:205-16. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.012. Epub 2013 Dec 15.
- The neuropeptide vasopressin (AVP; arginine-vasopressin) is produced in a handful of brain nuclei located in the hypothalamus and extended amygdala and is released both peripherally as a hormone and within the central nervous system as a neurotransmitter. Central projections have been associated wit
- PMID 24345477
- Resonance properties of GABAergic interneurons in immature GAD67-GFP mouse neocortex.
- Sun H1, An S1, Luhmann HJ1, Kilb W2.Author information 1Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.2Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Electronic address: wkilb@uni-mainz.de.AbstractSubthreshold resonance is a characteristic membrane property of different neuronal classes, is critically involved in the generation of network oscillations, and tunes the integration of synaptic inputs to particular frequency ranges. In order to investigate whether neocortical GABAergic interneurons show resonant behavior already during early postnatal development, we performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from visually identified interneurons in supragranular layers of parietal regions in coronal neocortical slices from postnatal day (P) P6-P13 GAD67-GFP knock-in mice. Subthreshold resonance was analyzed by injection of sinusoidal current with varying frequency. About 50% of the investigated GABAergic interneurons showed subthreshold resonance with an average frequency of 2.0±0.2Hz (n=38). Membrane hyperpolarization to -86mV attenuated the frequency and strength of subthreshold resonance. In the presence of 1mM Ni(2+) subthreshold resonance was virtually abolished, suggesting that T-type Ca(2+) currents are critically involved in the generation of resonance. In contrast, subthreshold resonance was not affected by ZD7288, a blocker of HCN channels. Application of TTX suppressed subthreshold resonance at depolarized, but not hyperpolarized membrane potential, suggesting that persistent Na(+) current contribute to the amplification of membrane resonance. In summary, these results demonstrate that GABAergic interneurons express subthreshold resonance at low frequencies, with T-type Ca(2+) and persistent Na(+) currents underlying the generation of membrane resonance. The membrane resonance of immature interneurons may contribute to the generation of slow oscillatory activity pattern in the immature neocortex and enhance the temporal precision of synaptic integration in developing cortical neurons.
- Brain research.Brain Res.2014 Feb 22;1548:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.12.032. Epub 2014 Jan 2.
- Subthreshold resonance is a characteristic membrane property of different neuronal classes, is critically involved in the generation of network oscillations, and tunes the integration of synaptic inputs to particular frequency ranges. In order to investigate whether neocortical GABAergic interneuron
- PMID 24389032
Japanese Journal
- III-2. フグの STX, TTX 結合タンパク質の性状と機能の推定
- 日本水産学会誌 81(4), 735-735, 2015
- NAID 130005091926
- III-1. フグにおけるフグ毒（TTX）の体内動態と TTX 結合性タンパク質の発現状況
- 日本水産学会誌 81(4), 734-734, 2015
- NAID 130005091923
- Electrophysiological characteristics of IB4-negative TRPV1-expressing muscle afferent DRG neurons
- BIOPHYSICS 11(0), 9-16, 2015
- NAID 130004940806
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Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「テトロドトキシン」「フグ毒」 |
| 関連記事 | 「T」「TT」 |
「テトロドトキシン」
- 英
- tetrodotoxin TTX
- 関
- フグ中毒
「フグ毒」
「T」
「TT」