WordNet

mark or draw with a ruler; "rule the margins"
keep in check; "rule ones temper" (同)harness, rein
the duration of a monarchs or governments power; "during the rule of Elizabeth"
measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths (同)ruler
(mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems; "he determined the upper bound with Descartes rule of signs"; "he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials" (同)formula
(linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice (同)linguistic rule
prescribed guide for conduct or action (同)prescript
a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior; "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast"; "short haircuts were the regulation" (同)regulation
any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order; "the rule of St. Dominic"
directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted; "he knew the rules of chess"
decide with authority; "The King decreed that all firstborn males should be killed" (同)decree
decide on and make a declaration about; "find someone guilty" (同)find
have an affinity with; of signs of the zodiac
(phonology) the loss of sounds from within a word (as in `focsle for `forecastle' (同)syncopation
the 19th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)s
a port in western California near the Golden Gate that is one of the major industrial and transportation centers; it has one of the worlds finest harbors; site of the Golden Gate Bridge
French writer known for works concerning womens rights and independence (1804-1876) (同)George Sand, Amandine Aurore Lucie Dupin, Baroness Dudevant

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『規則』,規定;法則 / 〈C〉『慣例』,慣習;通例,通則 / 〈U〉『支配』,統治;統治期間;統治権 / 〈C〉ものさし,定規(ruler) / 〈国・人など〉‘を'『支配する』,統治する,統御する / 《しばしば受動態で》〈感情などが〉〈人,人の行動など〉‘を'左右する,動かす / 〈裁判所・裁判官などが〉…‘と'裁決する,決定する / 〈紙〉‘に'線を引く / (…を)『支配する』,統治する《+『over』+『名』》 / (…について)裁決する,判定する《+『on』+『名』》;(…に反対の)裁決をする《+『against』+『名』(do『ing』)》・〈米俗〉抜群である、最高である
語中音消失(never→ne'erのように語中の音が消えて短縮されること) / (脳貧血などによる)失神,気絶 / (音楽で)切分,区分法
sulfurの化学記号 / {略}South[ern]

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/14 21:37:11」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

The San Francisco Syncope Rule (SFSR) is a simple rule for evaluating the risk of adverse outcomes in patient who present with fainting or syncope.

The mnemonic for features of the rule is CHESS:

• C - History of congestive heart failure

• H - Hematocrit < 30%

• E - Abnormal ECG

• S - Shortness of breath

• S - Triage systolic blood pressure < 90

A patient with any of the above measures is considered at high risk for a serious outcome such as death, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, pulmonary embolism, stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, significant hemorrhage, or any condition causing a return Emergency Department visit and hospitalization for a related event.

SFSR has a sensitivity of 74-98% and specificity of 56%.^[1] ^[2] This means that in patients with none of the above criteria, 74-98% had no serious outcome and may be considered as suitable candidates for outpatient monitoring. Syncope accounts for 1-2% emergency department visits. Half are hospitalized and of these, 50% have unclear diagnosis and 85% will be simply monitored. Given these statistics, the SFSR will help reduce inefficient admissions.

References

^ Quinn J, McDermott D, Stiell I, Kohn M, Wells G (May 2006). "Prospective validation of the San Francisco Syncope Rule to predict patients with serious outcomes". Ann Emerg Med 47 (5): 448–54. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.11.019. PMID 16631985.
^ Birnbaum A, Esses D, Bijur P, Wollowitz A, Gallagher EJ (February 2008). "Failure to Validate the San Francisco Syncope Rule in an Independent Emergency Department Population". Ann Emerg Med 52 (2): 151–9. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.12.007. PMID 18282636.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 救急外来における失神成人患者へのアプローチ approach to the adult patient with syncope in the emergency department
2. Syncope in adults: Clinical manifestations and diagnostic evaluation
3. 成人における失神のマネージメント management of syncope in adults
4. 失神の病態および病因 pathogenesis and etiology of syncope
5. 反射性失神 reflex syncope

English Journal

Syncope risk stratification tools vs clinical judgment: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Costantino G1, Casazza G2, Reed M3, Bossi I4, Sun B5, Del Rosso A6, Ungar A7, Grossman S8, D'Ascenzo F9, Quinn J10, McDermott D11, Sheldon R12, Furlan R13.
The American journal of medicine.Am J Med.2014 Nov;127(11):1126.e13-25. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.05.022. Epub 2014 May 23.
BACKGROUND: There have been several attempts to derive syncope prediction tools to guide clinician decision-making. However, they have not been largely adopted, possibly because of their lack of sensitivity and specificity. We sought to externally validate the existing tools and to compare them with
PMID 24862309

Use of QT intervals for a more accurate diagnose of syncope and evaluation of syncope severity.

Buttà C1, Tuttolomondo A, Casuccio A, Di Raimondo D, Giarrusso L, Miceli G, Lo Vecchio S, Canino B, Licata G, Pinto A.
International journal of clinical practice.Int J Clin Pract.2014 Jul;68(7):864-70. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.12387. Epub 2014 Feb 18.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the use of QT intervals, their diagnostic predictive value in patients with syncope and their relationship with syncope severity.METHODS: One hundred and forty nine patients with a diagnosis of syncope were admitted to Internal Medicine departments at the Uni
PMID 24548671

Usefulness of syncope guidelines in risk stratification of syncope in emergency department.

Sruamsiri K, Chenthanakij B, Tantiwut A, Wittayachamnankul B.
Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet.J Med Assoc Thai.2014 Feb;97(2):173-8.
BACKGROUND: Management of patients with syncope in the Emergency Department now focuses on identifying patients who will be at future risk of serious morbidity. Among the risk stratification scoring systems being used were the San Francisco Syncope Rule (SFSR) and Osservatorio Epidemiologico sulla S
PMID 24765895