腸炎菌、ゲルトネル菌

関: Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis

WordNet

rod-shaped Gram-negative enterobacteria; cause typhoid fever and food poisoning; can be used as a bioweapon

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サルモネラ菌(食中毒の原因になる)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/18 01:46:00」(JST)

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Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is a subspecies of Salmonella enterica, the rod-shaped, flagellated, aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium. It is a member of the genus Salmonella.^[1] Many of the pathogenic serovars of the S. enterica species are in this subspecies, including that responsible for typhoid.^[2]

Serovars

S. enterica subsp. enterica contains a large number of serovars which can infect a broad range of vertebrate hosts. The individual members range from being highly host-adapted (only able to infect a narrow range of species) to displaying a broad host range. A number of techniques are currently used to differentiate between serotypes. These include looking for the presence or absence of antigens, phage typing, molecular fingerprinting and biotyping, where serovars are differentiated by which nutrients they are able to ferment. A possible factor in determining the host range of particular serovars is phage-mediated acquisition of a small number of genetic elements that enable infection of a particular host.^[3] It is further postulated that serovars which infect a narrow range of species have diverged from ancestors with a broad host range, and have since specialised and lost the ability to infect some hosts.^[4]

A selection of serovars, with known hosts listed. Since there are more than 2500 serovars of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, this list is incomplete.

Serovar	Host species
Salmonella Choleraesuis	Swine
Salmonella Dublin	Cattle
Salmonella Enteritidis	Humans, rodents, galliformes
Salmonella Gallinarum	Galliformes
Salmonella Hadar	Humans, galliformes, rabbits
Salmonella Heidelberg	Humans, galliformes, swine^[5]
Salmonella Infantis	Humans, poultry
Salmonella Paratyphi	Humans
Salmonella Typhi	Humans
Salmonella Typhimurium	Infects humans, cattle, swine, sheep, horses, rodents, galliformes

A study of data from 37 countries collected between 2001 and 2007 found that the most common serovars of Salmonella isolated from human cases was Enteritidis, found in an average of 43.5% of cases, followed by Typhimurium (17.1% of cases), Newport (3.5%), Infantis (1.8%), Virchow (1.5%), Hadar (1.5%), and Agona (0.8%).^[6]

One strain of Salmonella that has recently been emerging in the United States is Salmonella Javiana. "An outbreak occurred in 2002, there were 141 cases that occurred among the participants of the U.S. Transplant Games. Out of the 141 cases, most of the cases were either transplant recipients (34%) or people receiving immunosuppressive therapy (32%)". There is an increasing number of Salmonella serotypes that are multidrug resistant (MDR), which was identified by the CDC's National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System.^[7] "Salmonella javiana causes 4% of nontyphodial Salmonella infections in the United States each year." ^[8]

Metabolism

Genetic evidence suggests that the serovars can be divided into two groups - one which causes enteric infection and has a broad repertoire of metabolic capabilities, and one which usually causes invasive infection, often in a narrow range of hosts, and shows degradation of anaerobic metabolic pathways. It is thought that these metabolic capabilities are important for obtaining nutrients in the challenging and nutrient-limited inflamed gut environment.^[9]

Nomenclature

The serovars can be designated fully or in a shortened form.^[10] The short form lists the genus, Salmonella, which is followed by the capitalized and non-italicized serovar. The full designation for Salmonella Typhi is Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serovar Typhi. Each serovar can have many strains, as well, which allows for a rapid increase in the total number of antigenically variable bacteria.^[11]

Epidemiology

Invasive strains of non-typhoidal salmonella, such as S Typhimurium ST313 have recently been labelled as emerging diseases in Africa. Key host immune deficiencies associated with HIV, malaria and malnutrition have contributed to a wide spread of this disease and the need to use expensive antimicrobial drugs in the poorest health services in the world.^[12]

References

^ Giannella RA (1996). Salmonella. In: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Barron S et al., eds.) (4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
^ Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA (2009). Medical Microbiology (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier. p. 307.
^ Rabsch, Wolfgang; Andrews, Helene L.; Kingsley, Robert A.; Prager, Rita; Tschape, Helmut; Adams, Garry; Baumler, Andreas J. (2002). "Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium and Its Host-Adapted Variants". Infection and Immunity 70 (5): 2249–2255. doi:10.1128/IAI.70.5.2249-2255.2002.
^ Langridge, Gemma C.; Fookes, Maria; Connor, Thomas; Feltwell, Theresa; Feasey, Nicholas; Parsons, Bryony; Seth-Smith, Helena; Barquist, Lars; Stedman, Anna; Humphrey, Thomas; Wigley, Paul; Peters, Sarah; Maskell, Duncan; Corander, Jukka; Chabalgoity, Jose; Barrow, Paul; Parkhill, Julian; Dougan, Gordon; Thomson, Nicholas (2014). "Patterns of genome evolution that have accompanied host adaptation in Salmonella". PNAS. Early Edition.
^ "Snapshots of Salmonella Serotypes" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC.
^ Hendriksen, Rene S.; Vieira, Antonio R.; Karlsmose, Susanne; Lo Fo Wong, Danilo M.A.; Jensen, Arne B.; Wegener, Henrik C.; Aarestrup, Frank M. (August 2011). "Global Monitoring of Salmonella Serovar Distribution from the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network Country Data Bank: Results of Quality Assured Laboratories from 2001 to 2007". Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 8 (8): 887–900. doi:10.1089/fpd.2010.0787. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
^ Goldrick, Barbara (March 2003). "Emerging Infections: Foodborne Diseases". The American Journal of Nursing 103 (3): 105–106. doi:10.1097/00000446-200303000-00043. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
^ Elward, Alexis; Grim, Autumn; Schroeder, Patricia; Phillips, Virginia; Bartow, Rhonda; Mays, Debra; Lawrence, Steven; Seed, Patrick; Holzmann-Pazgal, Galit; Polish, Louis; Leet, Terry; Fraser, Victoria (June 2006). "Outbreak of Salmonella javiana Infection at a Children's Hospital". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 27 (6): 586–592. doi:10.1086/506483. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
^ Nuccio, Sean-Paul; Baumler, Andreas (2014). "Comparative Analysis of Salmonella Genomes Identifies a Metabolic Network for Escalating Growth in the Inflamed Gut". mBio 5 (2): e00929–14. doi:10.1128/mBio.00929-14.
^ http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/salmonellanom.html
^ http://www.sanger.ac.uk/Projects/Salmonella/
^ Feasey, Nicholas A.; Dougan, Gordon; Kingsley, Robert A.; Heyderman, Robert S.; Gordon, Melita A. (2012). "Invasive non-typhoidal salmonella disease: an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa". The Lancet 379: 2489–99.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 便培養で非チフス性サルモネラが検出された患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with nontyphoidal salmonella in a stool culture
2. サルモネラ症の微生物学および疫学 microbiology and epidemiology of salmonellosis
3. サルモネラ胃腸炎の病因 pathogenesis of salmonella gastroenteritis
4. 小児における血行性骨髄炎：疫学、病因、および微生物学 hematogenous osteomyelitis in children epidemiology pathogenesis and microbiology
5. 赤痢菌感染：臨床症状および診断 shigella infection clinical manifestations and diagnosis

English Journal

Antibacterial effect of phosphates and polyphosphates with different chain length.

Lorencová E, Vltavská P, Budinský P, Koutný M.Sourcea Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology , Tomas Bata University in Zlín , Zlín , Czech Republic.
Journal of environmental science and health. Part A, Toxic/hazardous substances & environmental engineering.J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng.2012 Dec;47(14):2241-5.
The aim of this study was to monitor the antibacterial effect of seven phosphate salts on selected strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, which could be considered responsible for food-borne diseases (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphy
PMID 22934995

High pressure treatments on the inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis and the characteristics of beef carpaccio.

de Alba M, Bravo D, Medina M.AbstractThe effect of high pressure (HP) on Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis in beef carpaccio stored under temperature abuse conditions (8°C) during 30days was investigated. After treatment, reductions of S. Enteritidis were 3.68 and 5.94 log cfu/g in samples pressurized at 450MPa for 5 and 10min, respectively, whereas the pathogen was only detected after enrichment of samples treated at 450MPa for 15min. During storage, counts of S. Enteritidis decreased 0.26 log cfu/g in non-pressurized carpaccio, 1.33 log cfu/g in carpaccio treated at 450MPa for 5min and were only detected after enrichment in carpaccio pressurized at 450MPa for 10 or 15min. Color (L*, a* and b*) varied with pressurization and storage, with higher changes in carpaccio treated at longer pressurization times. Shear resistance was slightly lower in treated samples just after pressurization, but increased at the end of the storage period. Maximum force was less affected by treatment.
Meat science.Meat Sci.2012 Dec;92(4):823-8. Epub 2012 Jul 20.
The effect of high pressure (HP) on Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis in beef carpaccio stored under temperature abuse conditions (8°C) during 30days was investigated. After treatment, reductions of S. Enteritidis were 3.68 and 5.94 log cfu/g in samples pressurized at 450MPa f
PMID 22863078

Japanese Journal

文献抄訳発酵液体飼料はブロイラーのSalmonella enteritidis感染を少なくする

Heres L.,Engel B.,van Knapen F. [他]
鶏卵肉情報 42(24), 62-67, 2012-12-25
NAID 40019526499

Replication Kinetics of Salmonella Enteritidis Live Vaccine in the Immune Organs of Chicken after Subcutaneous Immunization

HE Guang-Zhi,DENG Shu-Xuan
The journal of poultry science 49(2), 130-132, 2012-04-25
NAID 10030621413

Automated peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis due to Salmonella enteritidis in a pediatric patient

VIDAL Enrico,MARZOLLO Antonio,BETTO Martina,MURER Luisa
Clinical and experimental nephrology 16(2), 342-344, 2012-04-01
NAID 10030739183

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「サルモネラ食中毒」「腸炎菌」「Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis」
関連記事	「enteritidis」

「サルモネラ食中毒」

Salmonella enterica
	Salmonella Typhimurium colonies on a Hektoen enteric agar plate
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Gammaproteobacteria
Order:	Enterobacteriales
Family:	Enterobacteriaceae
Genus:	Salmonella
Species:	S. enterica
Subspecies:	S. e. subsp. enterica
Trinomial name
	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica;
Serovar
	Salmonella choleraesuis; Salmonella Dublin; Salmonella Enteritidis; Salmonella Heidelberg; Salmonella Paratyphi; Salmonella Typhi; Salmonella Typhimurium;

　　[★]

英: Salmonella food poisoning
同: Salmonella食中毒、サルモネラ菌食中毒
関: 細菌性食中毒、食中毒

[show details]

サルモネラ食中毒 : 約 27,700 件
サルモネラ菌食中毒 : 約 7,320 件

サルモネラ属菌による食中毒。
感染経路
病原体：non-typhoidal Salmonellaによるものがほとんど。Salnonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella heidelberg, Salmonella newport, Salmonella agonaなどがあるが(IRE.659)、特にSalmonella typhimurium、Salmonella enteritidis、Salmonella thompsonによるものが多い。
疫学：細菌性食中毒としてはカンピロバクターについで多く、事件数としてはカンピロバクターに次いで、患者数としてはカンピロバクターより多い。
食中毒の機序：感染型
潜伏期：12-36時間
原因食物：卵、肉、乳製品
症状：大腸型の急性胃腸炎(発熱、腹痛、下痢)、軽症例では水様便　　(IRE.664)
診断：便からのサルモネラ属菌の検出

参考

uptodate

1. [charged] サルモネラ症の微生物学および疫学 - uptodate [1]
2. [charged] サルモネラ胃腸炎の病因 - uptodate [2]

「腸炎菌」

　　[★]

ラ: Salmonella enteritidis、Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis
関: ゲルトネル菌

「Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis」

　　[★]

腸炎菌

関: Salmonella enteritidis

「enteritidis」

　　[★]

Salmonella enteritidis

[Baron-1] Giannella RA (1996). Salmonella. In: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Barron S et al., eds.) (4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.

[2] Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Pfaller MA (2009). Medical Microbiology (6th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier. p. 307.

[3] Rabsch, Wolfgang; Andrews, Helene L.; Kingsley, Robert A.; Prager, Rita; Tschape, Helmut; Adams, Garry; Baumler, Andreas J. (2002). "Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhimurium and Its Host-Adapted Variants". Infection and Immunity 70 (5): 2249–2255. doi:10.1128/IAI.70.5.2249-2255.2002.

[4] Langridge, Gemma C.; Fookes, Maria; Connor, Thomas; Feltwell, Theresa; Feasey, Nicholas; Parsons, Bryony; Seth-Smith, Helena; Barquist, Lars; Stedman, Anna; Humphrey, Thomas; Wigley, Paul; Peters, Sarah; Maskell, Duncan; Corander, Jukka; Chabalgoity, Jose; Barrow, Paul; Parkhill, Julian; Dougan, Gordon; Thomson, Nicholas (2014). "Patterns of genome evolution that have accompanied host adaptation in Salmonella". PNAS. Early Edition.

[5] "Snapshots of Salmonella Serotypes" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC.

[Global_monitoring-6] Hendriksen, Rene S.; Vieira, Antonio R.; Karlsmose, Susanne; Lo Fo Wong, Danilo M.A.; Jensen, Arne B.; Wegener, Henrik C.; Aarestrup, Frank M. (August 2011). "Global Monitoring of Salmonella Serovar Distribution from the World Health Organization Global Foodborne Infections Network Country Data Bank: Results of Quality Assured Laboratories from 2001 to 2007". Foodborne Pathogens and Disease 8 (8): 887–900. doi:10.1089/fpd.2010.0787. Retrieved 31 July 2015.

[7] Goldrick, Barbara (March 2003). "Emerging Infections: Foodborne Diseases". The American Journal of Nursing 103 (3): 105–106. doi:10.1097/00000446-200303000-00043. Retrieved 7 December 2014.

[8] Elward, Alexis; Grim, Autumn; Schroeder, Patricia; Phillips, Virginia; Bartow, Rhonda; Mays, Debra; Lawrence, Steven; Seed, Patrick; Holzmann-Pazgal, Galit; Polish, Louis; Leet, Terry; Fraser, Victoria (June 2006). "Outbreak of Salmonella javiana Infection at a Children's Hospital". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 27 (6): 586–592. doi:10.1086/506483. Retrieved 7 December 2014.

[9] Nuccio, Sean-Paul; Baumler, Andreas (2014). "Comparative Analysis of Salmonella Genomes Identifies a Metabolic Network for Escalating Growth in the Inflamed Gut". mBio 5 (2): e00929–14. doi:10.1128/mBio.00929-14.

[10] ttp://www.bacterio.cict.fr/salmonellanom.html

[11] ttp://www.sanger.ac.uk/Projects/Salmonella/

[12] Feasey, Nicholas A.; Dougan, Gordon; Kingsley, Robert A.; Heyderman, Robert S.; Gordon, Melita A. (2012). "Invasive non-typhoidal salmonella disease: an emerging and neglected tropical disease in Africa". The Lancet 379: 2489–99.

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案内

Salmonella enteritidis