スメグマ菌、マイコバクテリウム・スメグマチス
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- M. smegmatis
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/08/22 14:05:24」(JST)
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Mycobacterium smegmatis |
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Scientific classification |
Kingdom: |
Bacteria |
Phylum: |
Actinobacteria |
Order: |
Actinomycetales |
Family: |
Mycobacteriaceae |
Genus: |
Mycobacterium |
Species: |
M. smegmatis |
Binomial name |
Mycobacterium smegmatis
(Trevisan 1889)
Lehmann & Neumann 1899 |
Mycobacterium smegmatis is an acid-fast bacterial species in the phylum Actinobacteria and the genus Mycobacterium. It is 3.0 to 5.0 µm long with a bacillus shape and can be stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and the auramine-rhodamine fluorescent method. It was first reported in November 1884 by Lustgarten, who found a bacillus with the staining appearance of tubercle bacilli in syphilitic chancres. Subsequent to this, Alvarez and Tavel found organisms similar to that described by Lustgarten as well as in normal genital secretions (smegma). This organism was later named M. smegmatis. [1]
Contents
- 1 Pathogenicity
- 2 Use in research
- 3 References
- 4 External links
Pathogenicity[edit source | edit]
M. smegmatis is generally considered a non-pathogenic microorganism; however, in some very rare cases, it may cause disease. [2]
Use in research[edit source | edit]
M. smegmatis is useful for the research analysis of other Mycobacteria species in laboratory experiments. M. smegmatis is commonly used in work on the mycobacterium species due to its being a "fast grower" and non-pathogenic. M. smegmatis is a simple model that is easy to work with, i.e., with a fast doubling time and only requires a biosafety level 1 laboratory. The time and heavy infrastructure needed to work with pathogenic species prompted researchers to use M. smegmatis as a model for mycobacterial species. This species shares more than 2000 homologs with M. tuberculosis and shares the same unusual cell wall structure of M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species.
The discovery of plasmids, phages, and mobile genetic elements has enabled the construction of dedicated gene-inactivation and gene reporter systems. The M. smegmatis mc2155 strain is hypertransformable, and is now the work-horse of mycobacterial genetics. Furthermore, it is readily cultivatable in most synthetic or complex laboratory media, where it can form visible colonies in 3–5 days. These properties make it a very attractive model organism for M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial pathogens. M. smegmatis mc2155 is also used for the cultivation of mycobacteriophage. The complete genome of M. smegmatis has been sequenced by TIGR, and microarrays have been produced by PFGRC program (http://pfgrc.tigr.org/descriptionPages.shtml), adding further to its use as a model system to study mycobacteria.
References[edit source | edit]
- ^ GORDON, RE; SMITH, MM (1953 Jul). "Rapidly growing, acid fast bacteria. I. Species' descriptions of Mycobacterium phlei Lehmann and Neumann and Mycobacterium smegmatis (Trevisan) Lehmann and Neumann". Journal of bacteriology 66 (1): 41–8. PMC 357089. PMID 13069464.
- ^ Reyrat, Jean-Marc; Kahn, Daniel (1 October 2001). "Mycobacterium smegmatis: an absurd model for tuberculosis?". Trends in Microbiology 9 (10): 472–473. doi:10.1016/S0966-842X(01)02168-0.
External links[edit source | edit]
- Information and photo from NCBI
- MicrobeWiki page on M. smegmatis
Mycobacteria (including Nontuberculous)
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Slowly growing
(R1P=photochromogenic;
R2S=scotochromogenic;
R3N=nonchromogenic) |
Long helix 18
(TKHGC)
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M. tuberculosis group
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- MTC
- M. tuberculosis
- M. bovis
- M. africanum
- M. microti
- M. canetti
- M. caprae
- M. pinnipedii
- MPM
- R1P
- M. marinum
- R2S
- M. pseudoshottsii
- R3N
- M. ulcerans
- M. shottsii
- M. liflandii
- Leprosy
- M. leprae
- M. lepraemurium
- M. lepromatosis
- R3N
- other
- M. lacus
- M. kumamotonense
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|
K/H groups
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M. kansasii group
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- MAC
- R3N
- M. intracellulare/M. avium
- M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis
- M. chimaera
- R2S
- M. bohemicum
- GK
- R1P
- M. kansasii
- R3N
- M. gastri
- R2S
- M. nebraskense
- M. seoulense
- R3N
- M. scrofulaceum
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M. haemophilum group
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|
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M. gordonae group
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M. conspicuum group
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Long helix 18
(other)
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M. xenopi group
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- M. botniense
- M. shimoidei/M. xenopi
- M. heckeshornense
- M. hassiacum
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M. celatum group
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|
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M. hiberniae group
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- M. terrae
- M. hiberniae
- M. nonchromogenicum/M. arupense
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|
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Short helix 18
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M. simiae clade
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- M. simiae group
- R3N
- M. genavense/M. triplex
- M. florentinum/M. montefiorense
- M. heidelbergense/M. parmense
- M. simiae
- R2S
- M. lentiflavum
- M. kubicae group
- R3N
- M. parascrofulaceum
- R2S
- M. palustre/M. kubicae
- M. interjectum group
- M. interjectum
- M. saskatchewanense
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M. intermedium group
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Ungrouped
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- M. triviale
- M. doricum
- M. tusciae
- M. arosiense
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Rapidly growing/
Runyon IV |
M. neoaurum group
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- M. mageritense
- M. wolinskyi
- M. canariasense
- M. cosmeticum
- M. diernhoferi
- M. hodleri
- M. frederiksbergense
- M. neoaurum
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|
F/T groups
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M. fortuitum group
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- M. chitae/M. fallax/M. gadium
- M. rhodesiae
- M. houstonense
- M. neworleansense/M. boenickei/M. fortuitum/M. porcinum/M. senegalense
- M. septicum/M. peregrinum/M. alvei
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M. vaccae group
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- M. obuense/M. gilvum/M. parafortuitum
- M. chlorophenolicum/M. chubuense
- M. psychrotolerans/M. sphagni
- M. aubagnense/M. mucogenicum/M. phocaicum
- AV
- M. aurum
- M. vanbaalenii
- M. vaccae
- M. austroafricanum
- M. pyrenivorans
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M. smegmatis group
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- M. agri/M. thermoresistibile
- M. duvalii/M. flavescens
- M. monacense
- M. pulveris/M. conceptionense/M. moriokaense
- M. novocastrense/M. brumae/M. phlei
- M. confluentis/M. madagascariense
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M. chelonae group
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- M. komossense
- M. murale/M. tokaiense
- M. aichiense
- M. chelonae
- M. abscessus
- M. immunogenum
- M. massiliense
- M. bolletii
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M. elephantis group
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- M. elephantis
- M. holsaticum
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Dielectrophoresis-based purification of antibiotic-treated bacterial subpopulations.
- Elitas M1, Martinez-Duarte R, Dhar N, McKinney JD, Renaud P.
- Lab on a chip.Lab Chip.2014 Jun 7;14(11):1850-7. doi: 10.1039/c4lc00109e. Epub 2014 Apr 23.
- Persistence of bacteria during antibiotic therapy is a widespread phenomenon, of particular importance in refractory mycobacterial infections such as leprosy and tuberculosis. Persistence is characterized by the phenotypic tolerance of a subpopulation of bacterial cells to antibiotics. Characterizat
- PMID 24756475
- Experimental and modeling studies of sorption of ceria nanoparticle on microbial biofilms.
- Jing H1, Mezgebe B1, Aly Hassan A2, Sahle-Demessie E3, Sorial GA1, Bennett-Stamper C2.
- Bioresource technology.Bioresour Technol.2014 Jun;161:109-17. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.015. Epub 2014 Mar 13.
- This study focuses on the interaction of ceria nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) with Pseudomonas fluorescens and Mycobacterium smegmatis biofilms. Confocal laser microscopy and transmission electron microscopy determined the distribution of NPs in the complex structures of biofilm at molecular levels. Visua
- PMID 24690581
- Does khat chewing increases the risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by macrophage immune modulation?
- Alvi A1, Rizwan M2, Al Sunosi R3, Jerah AB4.
- Medical hypotheses.Med Hypotheses.2014 Jun;82(6):667-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.02.026. Epub 2014 Mar 5.
- Drug abuse is a serious problem associated with different pathological outcomes including modulating the immune system. Drug abuse is rising in Saudi Arabia and so as TB, a disease of worldwide significance, caused by immunological modulation in the host system. Khat chewing is a common practice in
- PMID 24661941
Japanese Journal
- Action-Mechanism of Trichoderin A, an Anti-dormant Mycobacterial Aminolipopeptide from Marine Sponge-Derived Trichoderma sp.
- Pruksakorn Patamaporn,Arai Masayoshi,Liu Liu,Moodley Prashini,Jacobs Jr. William Robert,Kobayashi Motomasa
- Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 34(8), 1287-1290, 2011
- … To identify the gene that could confer a resistance to trichoderin A, we prepared transformants of Mycobacterium (M.) smegmatis, which were transformed with the genomic DNA library of M. … smegmatis, which over-expressed a part of genes that coded mycobacterial ATP synthase, was found to exhibit a resistance to trichoderin A. …
- NAID 130000936600
- Inhibitory Effect of Cyclic Trihydroxamate Siderophore, Desferrioxamine E, on the Biofilm Formation of Mycobacterium Species
- Ishida Shunsuke,Arai Masayoshi,Niikawa Hiroki,Kobayashi Motomasa
- Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 34(6), 917-920, 2011
- … In the course of our search for new inhibitors of biofilm formation in Mycobacterium species, we rediscovered a cyclic trihydroxamate siderophore, desferrioxamine E, from the culture of the marine-derived Actinomycete MS67. … Desferrioxamine E inhibited biofilm formation of Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. … smegmatis by inhibiting biofilm formation. …
- NAID 130000738072
Related Links
- Mycobacterium smegmatis. Also known by: Mycobacterium paratuberculosis smegmatis, Bacterium smegmatis, Bacillus smegmatis, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis smegmatis, Bacterium smegmatis, Bacillus smegmatis ...
- Mycobacterium smegmatis スメグマ菌 系統 抗菌薬 感受性 標準菌株 標準菌のMIC 臨床分離菌のMIC80 臨床分離菌のMIC60 備考 抗結核剤 Enviomycin 3.2 「MIC80」欄の * :MIC90の値であることを示す。 「MIC60」欄の ** ...
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