関: Mycobacterium smegmatis

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the 13th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)m
the imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 (同)Ming dynasty
a form of address for a woman (同)Ms.

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Mach number / mark[s] / Monsieur
(中国の)明,明朝(1368‐1644)
mendeleviumの化学記号

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/13 00:29:34」(JST)

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Mycobacterium smegmatis is an acid-fast bacterial species in the phylum Actinobacteria and the genus Mycobacterium. It is 3.0 to 5.0 µm long with a bacillus shape and can be stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and the auramine-rhodamine fluorescent method. It was first reported in November 1884 by Lustgarten, who found a bacillus with the staining appearance of tubercle bacilli in syphilitic chancres. Subsequent to this, Alvarez and Tavel found organisms similar to that described by Lustgarten as well as in normal genital secretions (smegma). This organism was later named M. smegmatis. ^[1]

Pathogenicity[edit]

M. smegmatis is generally considered a non-pathogenic microorganism; however, in some very rare cases, it may cause disease. ^[2]

Use in research[edit]

M. smegmatis is useful for the research analysis of other Mycobacteria species in laboratory experiments. M. smegmatis is commonly used in work on the mycobacterium species due to its being a "fast grower" and non-pathogenic. M. smegmatis is a simple model that is easy to work with, i.e., with a fast doubling time and only requires a biosafety level 1 laboratory. The time and heavy infrastructure needed to work with pathogenic species prompted researchers to use M. smegmatis as a model for mycobacterial species. This species shares more than 2000 homologs with M. tuberculosis and shares the same unusual cell wall structure of M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species.^[3] It is also capable of oxidizing carbon monoxide aerobically, as is "M. tuberculosis."

The discovery of plasmids, phages, and mobile genetic elements has enabled the construction of dedicated gene-inactivation and gene reporter systems. The M. smegmatis mc²155 strain is hypertransformable, and is now the work-horse of mycobacterial genetics. Furthermore, it is readily cultivatable in most synthetic or complex laboratory media, where it can form visible colonies in 3–5 days. These properties make it a very attractive model organism for M. tuberculosis and other mycobacterial pathogens. M. smegmatis mc²155 is also used for the cultivation of mycobacteriophage. The complete genome of M. smegmatis has been sequenced by TIGR, and microarrays have been produced by PFGRC program (http://pfgrc.tigr.org/descriptionPages.shtml), adding further to its use as a model system to study mycobacteria.

References[edit]

^ GORDON, RE; SMITH, MM (1953 Jul). "Rapidly growing, acid fast bacteria. I. Species' descriptions of Mycobacterium phlei Lehmann and Neumann and Mycobacterium smegmatis (Trevisan) Lehmann and Neumann". Journal of bacteriology 66 (1): 41–8. PMC 357089. PMID 13069464. Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Reyrat, Jean-Marc; Kahn, Daniel (1 October 2001). "Mycobacterium smegmatis: an absurd model for tuberculosis?". Trends in Microbiology 9 (10): 472–473. doi:10.1016/S0966-842X(01)02168-0.
^ King, Gary (2003). "Uptake of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at environmentally relevant concentrations by mycobacteria". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69: 7266-7272.

External links[edit]

Information and photo from NCBI
MicrobeWiki page on M. smegmatis

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English Journal

Characterization of DNA topoisomerase I from Mycobacterium tuberculosis: DNA cleavage and religation properties and inhibition of its activity.

Godbole AA, Leelaram MN, Bhat AG, Jain P, Nagaraja V.SourceDepartment of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.Arch Biochem Biophys.2012 Dec 15;528(2):197-203. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.10.004. Epub 2012 Oct 17.
Type I DNA topoisomerases from bacteria catalyse relaxation of negatively supercoiled DNA in a Mg(2+) dependent manner. Although topoisomerases of distinct classes have been subjected for anti-cancer and anti-infective drug development, bacterial type I enzymes are way behind in this regard. Our stu
PMID 23085346

Induction of T cell responses and recruitment of an inflammatory dendritic cell subset following tumor immunotherapy with Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Rich FJ, Kuhn S, Hyde EJ, Harper JL, Ronchese F, Kirman JR.SourceMalaghan Institute of Medical Research, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Pde, Kelburn, Wellington, 6012, New Zealand.
Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII.Cancer Immunol Immunother.2012 Dec;61(12):2333-42. doi: 10.1007/s00262-012-1291-8. Epub 2012 Jun 20.
Mycobacteria and their cell wall components have been used with varying degrees of success to treat tumors, and Mycobacterium bovis BCG remains in use as a standard treatment for superficial bladder cancer. Mycobacterial immunotherapy is very effective in eliciting local immune responses against sol
PMID 22714285

Japanese Journal

<i>in silico</i> Structure-Based Drug Screening手法を用いた<i>Mycobacterium</i>に対する新規抗菌作用化合物の同定

金城知広,小関祐司,山田淳美,出水園優也 ,アリィヴァロ志穂,小林舞子,青木俊介
情報処理学会研究報告. BIO, バイオ情報学 2012-BIO-30(9), 1-2, 2012-08-02
… in silico structure-based drug screening手法を用いて結核菌enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductaseに対する新規抗菌剤の同定を行った.その結果,モデル細菌Mycobacterium smegmatisに対して安定的な抗菌作用を示し,かつ腸内モデル細菌と哺乳類モデル細胞に対して有意な毒性がない2化合物が同定された. …
NAID 110009432497

Action-Mechanism of Trichoderin A, an Anti-dormant Mycobacterial Aminolipopeptide from Marine Sponge-Derived Trichoderma sp.

Pruksakorn Patamaporn,Arai Masayoshi,Liu Liu,Moodley Prashini,Jacobs Jr. William Robert,Kobayashi Motomasa
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 34(8), 1287-1290, 2011
… To identify the gene that could confer a resistance to trichoderin A, we prepared transformants of Mycobacterium (M.) smegmatis, which were transformed with the genomic DNA library of M. … smegmatis, which over-expressed a part of genes that coded mycobacterial ATP synthase, was found to exhibit a resistance to trichoderin A. …
NAID 130000936600

「Mycobacterium smegmatis」

Mycobacterium smegmatis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Actinobacteria
Order:	Actinomycetales
Family:	Mycobacteriaceae
Genus:	Mycobacterium
Species:	M. smegmatis
Binomial name
	Mycobacterium smegmatis; (Trevisan 1889); Lehmann & Neumann 1899