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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/01 20:11:43」(JST)
wiki ja
| 手足口病 | |
|---|---|
|
11ヶ月男児の口の周りの典型的な病変
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| 分類及び外部参照情報 | |
| ICD-10 | B08.4 |
| ICD-9 | 074.3 |
| DiseasesDB | 5622 |
| MedlinePlus | 000965 |
| eMedicine | derm/175 |
| Patient UK | 手足口病 |
| MeSH | D006232 |
手足口病（てあしくちびょう、英: Hand, foot and mouth disease; HFMD）は、コクサッキーウイルスの一種が原因となって起こるウイルス性疾患である。病名は手の平、足の裏、口内に水疱が発生することに由来する（後述参考）。乳児や幼児によく見られる疾患であるが、成人にも見られる。乳児ではまれに死亡することがある。夏季を中心に流行し、汗疹と間違えられやすい。
原因となるウイルスには、ピコルナウイルス科内のエンテロウイルス属に属するコクサッキーウイルスA16が主で、他にA4, 5, 9, 10、B2, 5、またエンテロウイルス71型も原因となる[1]。
本症は、家畜感染症である口蹄疫とは異なる（口蹄疫ウイルスもピコルナウイルス科の一種であるが、ヒトにおいては発症しない）。
目次
- 1 感染経路
- 2 潜伏期間
- 3 症状
- 4 治療
- 5 予防
- 6 記録された流行
- 7 出典
- 8 関連項目
- 9 外部リンク
感染経路
感染者の鼻や咽頭からの分泌物、便などによる接触感染である。飛沫感染も起こる。
潜伏期間
感染から発症までの期間は3日から5日程度とされる[1]。
症状
-
手に発生した発疹
-
脚に発生した発疹
手足口病の症状としては次のようなものがある。
初期症状として発熱と咽頭痛がある。1 - 2日後には手掌や足底、膝裏、足の付け根（臀部）[2]などに痛みを伴う水疱性丘疹が生じ、口内にも水疱が出現する。これが7 - 10日間続く。ただし、常に全ての徴候が出現するとは限らない。
多くの場合、1週間から10日程度で自然に治癒するが、まれに急性髄膜炎が合併し急性脳炎を生じる。エンテロウイルス71の感染症例では、他のウイルスを原因とする場合より頭痛、嘔吐などの中枢神経系合併症の発生率が高い[2]。また、コクサッキーウイルスA16感染症例では心筋炎合併の報告がある[2]。出産直前の妊婦が感染した場合は、生まれてくる新生児に感染する恐れがある。ウイルス型 EV71[3]では重症化した場合、髄膜炎、脳炎、急性弛緩性麻痺をおこし急性脳炎に伴う中枢神経合併症による死亡例が多いと報告されている[2]。
治療
手足口病のための特別な治療法はない。ただれた部位の熱や痛みといった個々の症状は、対症療法によって緩和する。ただし、中枢神経症状が発生した場合は入院加療が必要である。
通常、感染症が治るまで自宅で安静にすることが病気に苦しむ子供にとって最も大切なことである。熱冷ましは高熱を下げるのに役立ち、水やぬるま湯による入浴もまた、乳幼児の熱を下げるのに役立つ。
予防
手足口病に有効なワクチンは存在しない。手洗いとうがいを励行する。
記録された流行
- 1975年、ブルガリアでEV71による死亡例報告。
- 1978年、ハンガリーでEV71による死亡例報告。
- 1997年、マレーシアのサラワクで、本症（EV71分離症例あり）の発生により34人の子供たちが死亡した。
- 1998年、台湾で手足口病の流行。78名の小児が死亡。死亡例の92%からEV71が検出された。
- 2008年4月、中国安徽省でEV71により19名の児童が死亡したと報道された[4]。
- 2008年5月、中国で約25,000人の感染者の報道[5]。
- 2010年4月、カンボジアで手足口病の流行。52名の小児が死亡。この症例で入院したのは74人で、うちEV71が原因と特定できなかったケースを含めると61人が死亡した。
この他日本国内では、1997年7～9月にかけて、大阪市内で3名の乳幼児が死亡した例がある[6]。
出典
| [ヘルプ] |
- ^ a b 感染症学 改訂第四版 診断と治療社 2009
- ^ a b c d “手足口病とは?”. 国立感染症研究所感染症情報センター. 2011年1月7日閲覧。
- ^ 西村順裕、清水博之、エンテロウイルス71受容体としてのP-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1の同定 ウイルス Vol.59 (2009) No.2 P.195-204
- ^ 手足口病で児童19人死亡 中国安徽省 2008.4.28 18:02 産経ニュース
- ^ 手足口病の感染さらに拡大 死者32人に 中国 2008.05.09 Web posted at: 16:42 JST Updated - CNN
- ^ エンテロウイルス71型感染が原因で急死したと考えられた3症例―大阪市 国立感染 症情報センター 病原微生物検出情報
関連項目
| ウィキメディア・コモンズには、手足口病に関連するカテゴリがあります。 |
外部リンク
- 国立感染症研究所 感染症情報センター
- CDC（英語）
- Medline/NIH（英語）
- eMedicine（英語）
- 手足口病（東京都感染症情報センター）
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wiki en
Not to be confused with Foot-and-mouth disease.
| Hand, foot and mouth disease | |
|---|---|
|
Typical lesions around the mouth of an 11-month-old boy
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| Classification and external resources | |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| ICD-10 | B08.4 |
| ICD-9-CM | 074.3 |
| DiseasesDB | 5622 |
| MedlinePlus | 000965 |
| eMedicine | derm/175 |
| Patient UK | Hand, foot and mouth disease |
| MeSH | D006232 |
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common human syndrome caused by highly contagious intestinal viruses. HFMD is typically characterized by a mild fever followed by a rash of flat discolored spots and bumps that may blister, involving the skin of the hands, feet, mouth, and occasionally the buttocks and genitalia.[1][2][3] HFMD mainly affects infants and children, but can occasionally occur in adults.[3]
Coxsackievirus A16 is the most common cause of HFMD.[4] Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) is the second-most common cause.[4] Many other strains of coxsackievirus and enterovirus can also be responsible.[4][5] The viruses that cause HFMD are spread through direct contact with the mucus, saliva, or feces of an infected person. HFMD often occurs in small epidemics in nursery schools or kindergartens, usually during the summer or autumn months.[3] Signs and symptoms normally appear 3–6 days after exposure to the virus.[6] The rash generally goes away on its own in about a week, and most cases require no treatment other than symptomatic relief.[7] No antiviral treatment or vaccine is currently available for HFMD, but development efforts are underway.[8]
HFMD should not be confused with foot-and-mouth disease (also known as hoof-and-mouth disease) which affects livestock. Foot-and-mouth disease is caused by a different picornavirus which almost never infects humans.[9][10]
Contents
- 1 Signs and symptoms
- 2 Cause
- 3 Diagnosis
- 4 Treatment
- 5 Complications
- 6 Prevention
- 7 Epidemiology
- 7.1 Major outbreaks
- 8 History
- 9 Research
- 10 References
- 11 External links
Signs and symptoms
Rash on palms of the hands.
Rash on hand and feet of a 36-year-old man
Rash on the soles of a child's feet
Common constitutional signs and symptoms of the HFMD include fever, nausea, vomiting, feeling tired, generalized discomfort, loss of appetite, and irritability in infants and toddlers. Skin lesions frequently develop in the form of a rash of flat discolored spots and bumps which may be followed by vesicular sores with blisters on palms of the hands, soles of the feet, buttocks, and sometimes on the lips.[11] The rash is rarely itchy for children,[6] but can be extremely itchy for adults.[12] Painful facial ulcers, blisters, or lesions may also develop in or around the nose or mouth.[3][13][14] HFMD usually resolves on its own after 7–10 days.[13]
Cause
The viruses that cause the disease are of the Picornaviridae family. Coxsackievirus A16 is the most common cause of HFMD.[4] Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) is the second-most common cause.[4] Many other strains of coxsackievirus and enterovirus can also be responsible.[4][5]
Diagnosis
A diagnosis usually can be made by the presenting signs and symptoms alone.[13] If the diagnosis is unclear, a throat swab or stool specimen may be taken to identify the virus by culture.[13] The common incubation period (the time between infection and onset of symptoms) ranges from three to six days.[6]
Treatment
Medications are usually not needed as hand, foot and mouth disease is a viral disease that typically gets better on its own. Currently, there is no specific curative treatment for hand, foot and mouth disease.[13] Disease management typically focuses on achieving symptomatic relief. Pain from the sores may be eased with the use of analgesic medications. Infection in older children, adolescents, and adults is typically mild and lasts approximately 1 week, but may occasionally run a longer course. Fever reducers and lukewarm baths can help decrease body temperature.
A minority of individuals with hand, foot and mouth disease may require hospital admission due to uncommon neurologic complications such as inflammation of the brain, inflammation of the meninges, or acute flaccid paralysis.[5] Non-neurologic complications such as inflammation of the heart, fluid in the lungs, or bleeding into the lungs may also occur.[5]
Complications
Complications from the viral infections that cause HFMD are rare, but require immediate medical treatment if present. HFMD infections caused by Enterovirus 71 tend to be more severe and are more likely to have neurologic or cardiac complications including death than infections caused by Coxsackievirus A16.[13] Viral or aseptic meningitis can occur with HFMD in rare cases and is characterized by fever, headache, stiff neck, or back pain.[5][13] The condition is usually mild and clears without treatment; however, hospitalization for a short time may be needed. Other serious complications of HFMD include encephalitis (swelling of the brain), or flaccid paralysis in rare circumstances.[11][13]
Fingernail and toenail loss have been reported in children 4–8 weeks after having HFMD.[6] The relationship between HFMD and the reported nail loss is unclear; however, it is temporary and nail growth resumes without treatment.[6][15]
Prevention
No vaccine is currently available to protect individuals from infection by the viruses that cause HFMD,[16] but such vaccines are being developed.[13][17] HFMD is highly contagious and is transmitted by nasopharyngeal secretions such as saliva or nasal mucus, by direct contact, or by fecal-oral transmission. Preventive measures include avoiding direct contact with infected individuals (including keeping infected children home from school), proper cleaning of shared utensils, disinfecting contaminated surfaces, and proper hand hygiene. These measures have been shown to be effective in decreasing the transmission of the viruses responsible for HFMD.[13][16]
Epidemiology
Hand, foot and mouth disease most commonly occurs in children under the age of 10[6][13] and tends to occur in outbreaks during the spring, summer, and fall seasons.[4] HFMD is most commonly caused by infection with Coxsackievirus A16.[4]
Major outbreaks
- In 1998, there was an outbreak in Taiwan, affecting mainly children.[18] There were 405 severe complications, and 78 children died.[19] The total number of cases in that epidemic is estimated to have been 1.5 million.[4]
- In 2008 an outbreak in China, beginning in March in Fuyang, Anhui, led to 25,000 infections, and 42 deaths, by May 13.[4] Similar outbreaks were reported in Singapore (more than 2,600 cases as of April 20, 2008),[20] Vietnam (2,300 cases, 11 deaths),[21] Mongolia (1,600 cases),[22] and Brunei (1053 cases from June–August 2008)[23]
- In 2009 17 children died in an outbreak during March and April 2009 in China's eastern Shandong Province, and 18 children died in the neighboring Henan Province.[24] Out of 115,000 reported cases in China from January to April, 773 were severe and 50 were fatal.[25]
- In 2010 in China, an outbreak occurred in southern China's Guangxi Autonomous Region as well as Guangdong, Henan, Hebei and Shandong provinces. Until March 70,756 children were infected and 40 died from the disease. By June, the peak season for the disease, 537 had died.[26]
- The World Health Organization reporting between January to October 2011 (1,340,259) states the number of cases in China had dropped by approx 300,000 from 2010 (1,654,866) cases, with new cases peaking in June. There were 437 deaths, down from 2010 (537 deaths).[27]
- In December 2011, the California Department of Public Health identified a strong form of the virus, coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6), where nail loss in children is common.[28]
- In 2012 in Alabama, United States there was an outbreak of an unusual type of the disease. It occurred in a season when it is not usually seen and affected teenagers and older adults. There were some hospitalizations due to the disease but no reported deaths.[29]
- In 2012 in Cambodia, 52 of 59 reviewed cases of children reportedly[30] dead (as of July 9, 2012) due to a mysterious disease were diagnosed to be caused by a virulent form of HFMD.[31] Although a significant degree of uncertainty exists with reference to the diagnosis, WHO report states, "Based on the latest laboratory results, a significant proportion of the samples tested positive for enterovirus 71 (EV-71), which causes hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD). The EV-71 virus has been known to generally cause severe complications amongst some patients."[32]
- HFMD infected 1,520,274 people with 431 deaths reported up to end of July in 2012 in China.[33]
- The governorate of Daraa in Syria reported over 200 cases of HFMD there in early 2015.[34] These were due to the central Syrian government denying the region water chlorination as a punishment in wartime.
History
HFMD cases were first described in New Zealand in 1957.[13]
| This section requires expansion. (April 2015) |
Research
Novel antiviral agents to prevent and treat infection with the viruses responsible for HFMD are currently under development. Preliminary studies have shown inhibitors of the EV-71 viral capsid to have potent antiviral activity.[8]
References
- ^ Frydenberg, A; Starr, M (August 2003). "Hand, foot and mouth disease.". Australian family physician 32 (8): 594–5. PMID 12973865.
- ^ Ooi, MH; Wong, SC; Lewthwaite, P; Cardosa, MJ; Solomon, T (2010). "Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71". Lancet Neurology 9 (11): 1097–1105. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70209-X. PMID 20965438.
- ^ a b c d Kaminska, K; Martinetti, G; Lucchini, R; Kaya, G; Mainetti, C (2013). "Coxsackievirus A6 and Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: Three Case Reports of Familial Child-to-Immunocompetent Adult Transmission and a Literature Review". Case Reports in Dermatology 5 (2): 203–209. doi:10.1159/000354533. PMID 24019771.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Repass GL, Palmer WC, Stancampiano FF (September 2014). "Hand, foot, and mouth disease: Identifying and managing an acute viral syndrome". Cleve Clin J Med 81 (9): 537–43. doi:10.3949/ccjm.81a.13132. PMID 25183845.
- ^ a b c d e Li, Y; Zhu, R; Qian, Y; Deng, J (2012). "The characteristics of blood glucose and WBC counts in peripheral blood of cases of hand foot and mouth disease in China: a systematic review". PLOS ONE 7 (1): e29003. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029003. PMID 22235257.
- ^ a b c d e f Hoy, NY; Leung, AK; Metelitsa, AI; Adams, S (2012). "New concepts in median nail dystrophy, onychomycosis, and hand, foot and mouth disease nail pathology". ISRN Dermatology 2012 (680163): 680163. doi:10.5402/2012/680163. PMID 22462009.
- ^ al.], ed. Dan L. Longo ... [et (2012). Harrison's principles of internal medicine. (18th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07174889-6.
- ^ a b Pourianfar HR, Grollo L (February 2014). "Development of antiviral agents toward enterovirus 71 infection". J Microbiol Immunol Infect. S1684-1182 (13): 00236–3. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2013.11.011. PMID 24560700.
- ^ "Foot and Mouth Disease update: further temporary control zone established in Surrey". Defra. 2007-08-14. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
- ^ Jeffery, Simon (2001-11-23). "Foot and Mouth Disease". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 2007-08-14.
- ^ a b Huang, CC; Liu, CC; Chang, YC; Chen, CY; Wang, ST; Yeh, TF (23 September 1999). "Neurologic complications in children with enterovirus 71 infection.". The New England Journal of Medicine 341 (13): 936–42. doi:10.1056/nejm199909233411302. PMID 10498488.
- ^ "HAND". babymd.net. Baby MD. Retrieved April 7, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Sarma, N (March–April 2013). "Hand, foot and mouth disease: current scenario and Indian perspective". Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology 79 (2): 165–175. doi:10.4103/0378-6323.107631. PMID 23442455.
- ^ "Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease: Signs & Symptoms". mayoclinic.com. The Mayo Clinic. Retrieved May 5, 2008.
- ^ "Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease". Complications. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
- ^ a b "Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease". Prevention and Treatment. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
- ^ Hand, foot and mouth disease: First vaccine, BBC News, James Gallagher, 28 May 2013
- ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (1998). "Deaths among children during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease--Taiwan, Republic of China, April–July 1998". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 47 (30): 629–32. PMID 9704628.
- ^ Ho M, Chen ER, Hsu KH, et al. (1999). "An epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan. Taiwan Enterovirus Epidemic Working Group". N. Engl. J. Med. 341 (13): 929–35. doi:10.1056/NEJM199909233411301. PMID 10498487.
- ^ Suhaimi, Nur Dianah (April 20, 2008). "HFMD: 1,000 cases a week is unusual, says doc". Singapore: The Sunday Times (Straits Times). pp. 1–2.
- ^ Viet Nam News: HFMD cases prompt tighter health screening at airport(accessed May 15, 2008)
- ^ EV-71 Virus Continues Dramatic Rise (accessed May 23, 2008)
- ^ Bandar Seri Begawan (7 November 2008). "1,053 HFD cases recorded". The Birmingham News. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
- ^ "Hand-foot-mouth disease death toll rises to 17 in East China's Shandong Province". China View. April 9, 2009. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
- ^ "Health Ministry: Hand-foot-mouth disease claims 50 lives this year". China View. 10 April 2009. Retrieved 29 September 2009.
- ^ http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-06/24/c_13367598.htm
- ^ "China reports 537 deaths from hand-foot-mouth disease this year". People's Daily Online. 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
- ^ "Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6)". California Department of Public Health. 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
- ^ Hannah Wolfson (February 13, 2012). "Outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease severe in Alabama". The Birmingham News. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
- ^ CBS News Staff (2012). "Joint Press Release Between The Ministry of Health Kingdom of Cambodia and the World Health Organization" (PDF). CBS News. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
- ^ "Mysterious deadly illness in Cambodian children tied to hand, foot and mouth disease". Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease. World Health Organization. 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
- ^ "Global Alert and Response (GAR)". Undiagnosed illness in Cambodia-update. World Health Organization. 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
- ^ "Emerging disease surveillance and response". Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease. World Health Organization. 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
- ^ Sparrow, Annie (2015), "Syria: Death from Assad’s Chlorine", The New York Review of Books, (7 May issue).
External links
Media related to Hand, foot and mouth disease at Wikimedia Commons News related to Highly contagious Hand, foot and mouth disease killing China's children at Wikinews
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UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 手足口病およびヘルパンギーナ：概要 hand foot and mouth disease and herpangina an overview
- 2. エンテロウイルスおよびパレコウイルス感染の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of enterovirus and parechovirus infections
- 3. 小児における口腔軟部組織病変 soft tissue lesions of the oral cavity in children
- 4. 小児における非定型性発疹 atypical exanthems in children
- 5. ジアノッティ・クロスティ症候群（丘疹性末端皮膚炎） gianotti crosti syndrome papular acrodermatitis
English Journal
- Short-term effects of meteorological factors on hand, foot and mouth disease among children in Shenzhen, China: Non-linearity, threshold and interaction.
- Zhang Z1, Xie X1, Chen X2, Li Y1, Lu Y1, Mei S1, Liao Y1, Lin H3.
- The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2016 Jan 1;539:576-82. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.027. Epub 2015 Sep 16.
- BACKGROUND: Various meteorological factors have been associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among children; however, fewer studies have examined the non-linearity and interaction among the meteorological factors.METHODS: A generalized additive model with a log link allowing Poisson auto
- PMID 26386448
- Enterovirus spectrum from the active surveillance of hand foot and mouth disease patients under the clinical trial of inactivated Enterovirus A71 vaccine in Jiangsu, China, 2012-2013.
- Yao X1, Bian LL1, Lu WW2, Li JX3, Mao QY1, Wang YP1, Gao F1, Wu X1, Ye Q1, Xu M1, Li XL2, Zhu FC3, Liang ZL1.
- Journal of medical virology.J Med Virol.2015 Dec;87(12):2009-17. doi: 10.1002/jmv.24275. Epub 2015 Jun 9.
- Epidemiological data from active surveillance on human enterovirus, which could cause hand, foot, and mouth disease, were limited. An active surveillance system was used to investigate the enterovirus spectrum and the incidence of different enteroviruses in infants aged 6-35 months in Jiangsu Provin
- PMID 26010334
- Epidemiological and genetic analysis concerning the coxsackievirus A6 related endemic outbreak of hand-foot-mouth disease in Taizhou, China, during 2013.
- Zha J1, Ma Z1.
- Journal of medical virology.J Med Virol.2015 Dec;87(12):2000-8. doi: 10.1002/jmv.24272. Epub 2015 Jun 2.
- A total of 1,098 strains of human enteroviruses (HEV), falling into 14 serotypes were detected upon analysis of 1,509 hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) samples collected in Taizhou during the period from July 2010 to December 2013. And a CV-A6 related HFMD outbreak was identified in Taizhou during 2013
- PMID 25989289
Japanese Journal
- Epidemiology characteristics of human coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus 71 circulating from 2009 to 2017 in Linyi, China
- Jpn J Infect Dis, 2018
- NAID 130007412683
- P1-28 花粉症や川崎病（KD）以外の花粉惹起（誘導）疾患（Pollen-Induced Diseases: PID）の多様性探索：他の血管炎や膠原病等，ウイルス性・薬剤性皮膚病の花粉被曝後免疫parameterの推移
- 日本臨床免疫学会会誌 40(4), 304d-304d, 2017
- NAID 130006219529
- Spatial Clustering of Severe Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease Cases on Hainan Island, China
- Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 70(6), 604-608, 2017
- NAID 130006210257
Related Links
- はじめに： 手足口病（hand, foot and mouth disease:以下HFM)は、口腔粘膜および四肢末端に現われる水疱性の発疹を主症状とし、幼児を中心に流行する急性ウイルス性感染症である。発疹は、手足全体ことに肘や膝あるいは臀部周辺に ...
- Our Annual Meeting was kicked off on the evening of April 5th with a taco buffet and Minute to Win It competition at the Crowne Plaza in Bloomington. ... Bob Newman was awarded The HFMD Lifetime Achievement Award at The ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「手足口病」 |
| 関連記事 | 「HF」 |
「手足口病」
疫学
- 流行時期：夏
- 1歳児に最も多い
- 5歳以下の例が90%
病原体
- コクサッキーウイルス16型、エンテロウイルス71型、コクサッキーウイルス10型など
感染経路
- 飛沫感染：咳やくしゃみを吸い込むことで感染が成立します。
- 接触感染：咳やくしゃみの飛沫が付着した生活用品、家具を触った手から口の中に入り感染が成立します。
潜伏期
- 3-5日
症状
- 口腔粘膜、手足に有痛性の水疱、発疹
発熱
- 微熱程度
皮疹
- 表皮：手掌、足蹠、関節、殿部
- 口腔内：頬粘膜、舌、口蓋
合併症
- エンテロウイルス71型：髄膜炎
経過
- 発症後2,3日で軽快
治療
- 小児の薬の使い方
- 対症療法
- 口腔内の痛みにより飲水量が少なくなっている場合には補液もよし。
- 口腔内の痛みに対しピオクタニン、皮疹に対する軟膏処置は必要なし。
- どうしても口腔内の痛みが強い場合にはトラネキサム酸25mg/kg/日 分3 3日分
鑑別疾患
- ヘルパンギーナ：口腔内の小水疱。高熱が2-3日持続。2-3日後には発疹がなければヘルパンギーナと考えてよい。
予防
- 手洗い、うがい
学校保健
- 学校伝染病ではない。
- 発症より2,3日で症状消失するが、感染性は数週間持続するとのこと
「HF」