WordNet

the extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary; "the area of a rectangle"; "it was about 500 square feet in area" (同)expanse, surface_area
a part of a structure having some specific characteristic or function; "the spacious cooking area provided plenty of room for servants"
a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography); "it was a mountainous area"; "Bible country" (同)country
a part of an animal that has a special function or is supplied by a given artery or nerve; "in the abdominal region" (同)region
a subject of study; "it was his area of specialization"; "areas of interest include..."
a unit of surface area equal to 100 square meters (同)ar

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉〈C〉『面積』 / 〈C〉『地域』,『地方』(region, district) / 〈C〉(活動・研究・興味などの及ぶ)『範囲』,『領域』(range)《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《英》=areaway 1
…『である』,…です(beの二人称の単数とすべての人称の複数の直説法現在形)
アール(メートル法の面積単位;100平方メートル)
are (面積の単位)の変形

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/29 20:02:20」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Brodmann area 6 is part of the brain.

Human

Brodmann area 6 (BA6) part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. Situated just anterior to the primary motor cortex (BA4), it is composed of the premotor cortex and, medially, the supplementary motor area, or SMA. This large area of the frontal cortex is believed to play a role in the planning of complex, coordinated movements.

Brodmann area 6 is also called agranular frontal area 6 in humans because it lacks an internal granular cortical layer (layer IV). It is a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined precentral region of cerebral cortex. In the human brain, it is located on the portions of the precentral gyrus that are not occupied by the gigantopyramidal area 4; furthermore, BA6 extends onto the caudal portions of the superior frontal and middle frontal gyri. It extends from the cingulate sulcus on the medial aspect of the hemisphere to the lateral sulcus on the lateral aspect. It is bounded rostrally by the granular frontal region and caudally by the gigantopyramidal area 4 (Brodmann, 1909).^[1]

Guenon

Brodmann area 6 is a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal lobe of the guenon. Brodmann-1909 regarded it as topographically and cytoarchitecturally homologous to the human agranular frontal area 6 and noted that, in the monkey, area 4 is larger than area 6, whereas, in the human, area 6 is larger than area 4. Distinctive features (Brodmann-1905): It is thick relative to other cortical areas; the transition from cortex to subcortical white matter is gradual; cell layers are indistinct; and the internal granular layer (IV) is absent.^[2]

Image

Animation.
front view.
Lateral view.
Medial view.

References

^ This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license.
^ This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license.

External links

ancil-41 at NeuroNames – agranular frontal area 6
ancil-1044 at NeuroNames – Brodmann area 6

This neuroanatomy article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 大動脈弁狭窄症における大動脈弁口面積 aortic valve area in aortic stenosis
2. 菌状息肉腫およびSézary症候群の病期分類と予後 staging and prognosis of mycosis fungoides and sezary syndrome
3. 失語症患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with aphasia
4. 僧帽弁逸脱および僧帽弁尖動揺における慢性僧帽弁閉鎖不全症の自然史 natural history of chronic mitral regurgitation in mitral valve prolapse and flail mitral leaflet
5. 僧帽弁狭窄症の自然史 natural history of mitral stenosis

English Journal

Anatomical correlates for category-specific naming of objects and actions: A brain stimulation mapping study.

Lubrano V, Filleron T, Démonet JF, Roux FE.Author information Université Paul Sabatier, SFR 96, Unité INSERM UMR 825, Toulouse, France; Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Toulouse, France.AbstractThe production of object and action words can be dissociated in aphasics, yet their anatomical correlates have been difficult to distinguish in functional imaging studies. To investigate the extent to which the cortical neural networks underlying object- and action-naming processing overlap, we performed electrostimulation mapping (ESM), which is a neurosurgical mapping technique routinely used to examine language function during brain-tumor resections. Forty-one right-handed patients who had surgery for a brain tumor were asked to perform overt naming of object and action pictures under stimulation. Overall, 73 out of the 633 stimulated cortical sites (11.5%) were associated with stimulation-induced language interferences. These interference sites were very much localized (<1 cm(2) ), and showed substantial variability across individuals in their exact localization. Stimulation interfered with both object and action naming over 44 sites, whereas it specifically interfered with object naming over 19 sites and with action naming over 10 sites. Specific object-naming sites were mainly identified in Broca's area (Brodmann area 44/45) and the temporal cortex, whereas action-naming specific sites were mainly identified in the posterior midfrontal gyrus (Brodmann area 6/9) and Broca's area (P = 0.003 by the Fisher's exact test). The anatomical loci we emphasized are in line with a cortical distinction between objects and actions based on conceptual/semantic features, so the prefrontal/premotor cortex would preferentially support sensorimotor contingencies associated with actions, whereas the temporal cortex would preferentially underpin (functional) properties of objects. Hum Brain Mapp 35:429-443, 2014. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human brain mapping.Hum Brain Mapp.2014 Feb;35(2):429-43. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22189. Epub 2012 Sep 27.
The production of object and action words can be dissociated in aphasics, yet their anatomical correlates have been difficult to distinguish in functional imaging studies. To investigate the extent to which the cortical neural networks underlying object- and action-naming processing overlap, we perf
PMID 23015527

Apathy and impaired emotional facial recognition networks overlap in Parkinson's disease: a PET study with conjunction analyses.

Robert G, Le Jeune F, Dondaine T, Drapier S, Péron J, Lozachmeur C, Sauleau P, Houvenaghel JF, Travers D, Millet B, Vérin M, Drapier D.Author information Behavior and Basal Ganglia host team 4712, University of Rennes 1, , Rennes, France.AbstractApathy is a disabling non-motor symptom that is frequently observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). Its description and physiopathology suggest that it is partially mediated by emotional impairment, but this research issue has never been addressed at a clinical and metabolic level. We therefore conducted a metabolic study using 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18FDG PET) in 36 PD patients without depression and dementia. Apathy was assessed on the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), and emotional facial recognition (EFR) performances (ie, percentage of correct responses) were calculated for each patient. Confounding factors such as age, antiparkinsonian and antidepressant medication, global cognitive functions and depressive symptoms were controlled for. We found a significant negative correlation between AES scores and performances on the EFR task. The apathy network was characterised by increased metabolism within the left posterior cingulate (PC) cortex (Brodmann area (BA) 31). The impaired EFR network was characterised by decreased metabolism within the bilateral PC gyrus (BA 31), right superior frontal gyrus (BAs 10, 9 and 6) and left superior frontal gyrus (BA 10 and 11). By applying conjunction analyses to both networks, we identified the right premotor cortex (BA 6), right orbitofrontal cortex (BA 10), left middle frontal gyrus (BA 8) and left posterior cingulate gyrus (BA 31) as the structures supporting the association between apathy and impaired EFR. These results confirm that apathy in PD is partially mediated by impaired EFR, opening up new prospects for alleviating apathy in PD, such as emotional rehabilitation.
Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.2014 Jan 8. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-307025. [Epub ahead of print]
Apathy is a disabling non-motor symptom that is frequently observed in Parkinson's disease (PD). Its description and physiopathology suggest that it is partially mediated by emotional impairment, but this research issue has never been addressed at a clinical and metabolic level. We therefore conduct
PMID 24403280

Structural brain changes associated with antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia as revealed by voxel-based morphometric MRI: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis.

Torres US, Portela-Oliveira E, Borgwardt S, Busatto GF.Author information Post-Graduate Program in Radiology, Institute of Radiology (INRAD), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil. utorres@usp.br.AbstractBACKGROUND: The results of multiple studies on the association between antipsychotic use and structural brain changes in schizophrenia have been assessed only in qualitative literature reviews to date. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies on this association to quantitatively synthesize the findings of these studies.
BMC psychiatry.BMC Psychiatry.2013 Dec 20;13:342. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-342.
BACKGROUND: The results of multiple studies on the association between antipsychotic use and structural brain changes in schizophrenia have been assessed only in qualitative literature reviews to date. We aimed to perform a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies on this association t
PMID 24359128