WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
the 2nd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)b
the blood group whose red cells carry the B antigen (同)type_B, group B
a neoplasm of lymph tissue that is usually malignant; one of the four major types of cancer

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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/12 13:42:51」(JST)

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The B-cell lymphomas are types of lymphoma affecting B cells. Lymphomas are "blood cancers" in the lymph glands. They develop more frequently in older adults and in immunocompromised individuals (such as those with AIDS).

B-cell lymphomas include both Hodgkin's lymphomas and most non-Hodgkins lymphomas. They are often divided into indolent (slow-growing) lymphomas and aggressive lymphomas. Indolent lymphomas respond rapidly to treatment and are kept under control (in remission) with long-term survival of many years, but are not cured. Aggressive lymphomas usually require intensive treatments, but have good prospects for a permanent cure.^[1]

Prognosis and treatment depends on the specific type of lymphoma as well as the stage and grade. Treatment includes radiation and chemotherapy. Early-stage indolent B-cell lymphomas can often be treated with radiation alone, with long-term non-reoccurrence. Early-stage aggressive disease is treated with chemotherapy and often radiation, with a 70-90% cure rate.^[1] Late-stage indolent lymphomas are sometimes left untreated and monitored until they progress. Late-stage aggressive disease is treated with chemotherapy, with cure rates of over 70%.^[1]

Types[edit source | edit]

Micrograph showing Hodgkin lymphoma, a type of B cell lymphoma that is usually considered separate from other B cell lymphomas. Field stain.

There are fourteen kinds of lymphomas involving B cells.

Common[edit source | edit]

Five account for nearly three out of four patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma:^[2]

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma^[3]
Follicular lymphoma
Mucosa-Associated Lymphatic Tissue lymphoma (MALT)
Small cell lymphocytic lymphoma (overlaps with Chronic lymphocytic leukemia)
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)

Rare[edit source | edit]

The remaining nine are much less common:^[2]

Burkitt lymphoma
Mediastinal large B cell lymphoma
Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma (NMZL)
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL)
Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
Primary effusion lymphoma
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis

Other[edit source | edit]

Additionally, some researchers separate out lymphomas that appear result from other immune system disorders, such as AIDS-related lymphoma.

Classic Hodgkin's lymphoma and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma are now considered forms of B-cell lymphoma.^[4]

Associated chromosomal translocations[edit source | edit]

Chromosomal translocations involving the immunoglobulin heavy locus (IGH@) is a classic cytogenetic abnormality for many B-cell lymphomas, including follicular lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma and Burkitt's lymphoma. In these cases, the immunoglobulin heavy locus forms a fusion protein with another protein that has pro-proliferative or anti-apoptotic abilities. The enhancer element of the immunoglobulin heavy locus, which normally functions to make B cells produce massive production of antibodies, now induces massive transcription of the fusion protein, resulting in excessive pro-proliferative or anti-apoptotic effects on the B cells containing the fusion protein. In Burkitt's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma, the other protein in the fusion is c-myc (on chromosome 8) and cyclin D1^[5] (on chromosome 11), respectively, which gives the fusion protein pro-proliferative ability. In follicular lymphoma, the fused protein is Bcl-2 (on chromosome 18), which gives the fusion protein anti-apoptotic abilities.

References[edit source | edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c Merck Manual home edition, Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas
^ ^a ^b "The Lymphomas" (PDF). The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. May 2006. p. 12. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
^ Mazen Sanoufa, Mohammad Sami Walid, Talat Parveen (2010). "B-Cell Lymphoma of the Thoracic Spine Presenting with Spinal Cord Pressure Syndrome". JOCMR 2 (1): 53–54. doi:10.4021/jocmr2010.02.258w.
^ "HMDS: Hodgkin's Lymphoma". Archived from the original on 4 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-01.
^ Li JY, Gaillard F, Moreau A, et al. (May 1999). "Detection of translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) in mantle cell lymphoma by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Am. J. Pathol. 154 (5): 1449–52. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65399-0. PMC 1866594. PMID 10329598.

External links[edit source | edit]

Overview and video at harvard.edu
Lymphoma Association – Specialist UK charity providing free information and support to patients, their families, friends and carers

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. びまん性大細胞型B細胞性リンパ腫の疫学、臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 epidemiology clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of diffuse large b cell lymphoma
2. 進行期びまん性大細胞型B細胞性リンパ腫の初期治療 initial treatment of advanced stage diffuse large b cell lymphoma
3. びまん性大細胞型B細胞性リンパ腫の予後 prognosis of diffuse large b cell lymphoma
4. 原発性縦隔大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫 primary mediastinal large b cell lymphoma
5. 原発性皮膚大細胞型B細胞性リンパ腫、下肢型 primary cutaneous large b cell lymphoma leg type

English Journal

Involvement of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 in Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.

Tang SS, Hong H, Chen L, Mei ZL, Ji MJ, Xiang GQ, Li N, Ji H.Author information Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.AbstractAccumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is thought to be associated with the progressive neuronal death observed in Alzheimer's disease, but the mechanisms underlying neurotoxicity triggered by Aβ remain elusive. In the current study, we investigated the roles of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1R) in Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in vitro or in vivo. In vitro exposure of mouse primary neurons to Aβ1-42 caused a gradual increases in CysLT1R expression. In vivo bilateral intrahippocampal injection of Aβ1-42 also elicited time-dependent increases of CysLT1R expression in the hippocampus and cortex of mice. The CysLT1R antagonist pranlukast not only reversed Aβ1-42-induced upregulation of CysLT1R, but also suppressed Aβ1-42-triggered neurotoxicity evidenced by enhanced nuclear factor-kappa B p65, activated caspase-3, decreased B-cell lymphoma-2 and cell viability and impaired memory. Furthermore, chronic treatment with pranlukast produced similar beneficial effects on memory behavior and hippocampal long-term potentiation to memantine or donepezil in intrahippocampal Aβ1-42-injected mice. Our data indicate that CysLT1R is involved in Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity, and that blockade of CysLT1R, such as application of CysLT1R antagonist, could be a novel and promising strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Neurobiology of aging.Neurobiol Aging.2014 Mar;35(3):590-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.036. Epub 2013 Oct 23.
Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is thought to be associated with the progressive neuronal death observed in Alzheimer's disease, but the mechanisms underlying neurotoxicity triggered by Aβ remain elusive. In the current study, we investigated the roles of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1R)
PMID 24269024

Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition on apoptosis and beta amyloid load in aged mice.

Puzzo D, Loreto C, Giunta S, Musumeci G, Frasca G, Podda MV, Arancio O, Palmeri A.Author information Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.AbstractAge-related cognitive decline is accompanied by an increase of neuronal apoptosis and a dysregulation of neuroplasticity-related molecules such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotoxic factors including beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Because it has been previously demonstrated that phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) protect against hippocampal synaptic dysfunction and memory deficits in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and physiological aging, we investigated the effect of a treatment with the PDE5-I, sildenafil, on cell death, pro- and antiapoptotic molecules, and Aβ production. We demonstrated that chronic intraperitoneal injection of sildenafil (3 mg/kg for 3 weeks) decreased terminal deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling-positive cells in the CA1 hippocampal area of 26-30-month-old mice, downregulating the proapoptotic proteins, caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X, and increasing antiapoptotic molecules such as B-cell lymphoma protein-2 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Also, sildenafil reverted the shifting of amyloid precursor protein processing toward Aβ42 production and the increase of the Aβ42:Aβ40 ratio in aged mice. Our data suggest that PDE5-I might be beneficial to treat age-related detrimental features in a physiological mouse model of aging.
Neurobiology of aging.Neurobiol Aging.2014 Mar;35(3):520-31. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.09.002. Epub 2013 Oct 7.
Age-related cognitive decline is accompanied by an increase of neuronal apoptosis and a dysregulation of neuroplasticity-related molecules such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotoxic factors including beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Because it has been previously demonstrated that phosphod
PMID 24112792

Targetable activating mutations are very frequent in GCB and ABC diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Bohers E, Mareschal S, Bouzelfen A, Marchand V, Ruminy P, Maingonnat C, Ménard AL, Etancelin P, Bertrand P, Dubois S, Alcantara M, Bastard C, Tilly H, Jardin F.Author information Inserm U918, Centre Henri Becquerel, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France.AbstractDiffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy that can be divided in two major subgroups, germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and activated B-cell-like (ABC). Activating mutations of genes involved in the BCR and NF-κB pathways (CD79A, CD79B, MYD88, and CARD11) or in epigenetic regulation (EZH2) have been recently reported, preferentially in one of the two DLBCL subtypes. We analyzed the mutational status of these five recurrently mutated genes in a cohort of 161 untreated de novo DLBCL. Overall, 93 mutations were detected, in 61 (38%) of the patients. The L265P MYD88 mutation was the most frequent MYD88 variant (n = 18), observed exclusively in the ABC subtype. CD79A/CD79B ITAM domains were targeted in ABC DLBCL (12/77; 16%), whereas CARD11 mutations were equally distributed in the two subtypes. The EZH2 Y641 substitution was found almost exclusively in the GCB subgroup (15/62; 24%). Twenty cases (12%) displayed two activating mutations, including the most frequent CD79/MYD88 variants combination (n = 8) which is observed exclusively in the ABC subtype. When considering only ABC DLBCL patients treated by rituximab plus chemotherapy, the presence of an activating NF-κB mutation was associated with an unfavorable outcome (3-years OS 26% for mutated cases versus 67% for the cases without mutations, P = 0.0337). Our study demonstrates that activating and targetable mutations are observed at a very high frequency in DLBCL at the time of diagnosis, indicating that sequencing of a limited number of genes could help tailor an optimal treatment strategy in DLBCL. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genes, chromosomes & cancer.Genes Chromosomes Cancer.2014 Feb;53(2):144-53. doi: 10.1002/gcc.22126. Epub 2013 Nov 5.
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive and heterogeneous malignancy that can be divided in two major subgroups, germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and activated B-cell-like (ABC). Activating mutations of genes involved in the BCR and NF-κB pathways (CD79A, CD79B, MYD88, and CARD11) o
PMID 24327543

Japanese Journal

研究・症例乳糜胸水を契機に診断できた高齢者びまん性大細胞型B細胞リンパ腫の1例

園延尚子,橘和延,大町直樹 [他]
日本胸部臨床 73(6), 721-726, 2014-06
NAID 40020101484

症例報告巨大甲状腺腫を呈した頸部悪性リンパ腫の1例

野水整,松嵜正實,片方直人 [他]
日本内分泌・甲状腺外科学会雑誌 = Official journal of the Japan Association of Endocrine Surgeons and the Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery 31(2), 134-138, 2014-06
NAID 40020098708

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma疑診例に対して施行したランダム皮膚生検33名の検討

辻脇真澄,藤田靖幸,清水宏
日本皮膚科学会雑誌 = The Japanese journal of dermatology 124(7), 1305-1311, 2014-06
NAID 40020094299

「B細胞性悪性リンパ腫」

B-cell lymphoma
	Classification and external resources
	; Micrograph showing a large B cell lymphoma. Field stain.
ICD-10	C85.1
ICD-O:	9680/0, 9699/3, 9699/3
eMedicine	med/1358
MeSH	D016393

　　[★]

英: B-cell malignant lymphoma
同: 非ホジキンリンパ腫B細胞型 non-Hodgkin lymphoma, B-cell type、B細胞リンパ腫 B-cell lymphoma
関: 悪性リンパ腫、T細胞性悪性リンパ腫

「B細胞性リンパ腫」

　　[★]

英: B-cell lymphoma, B cell lymphoma
同: Bリンパ腫 B lymphoma

「B細胞リンパ腫」

　　[★]

英: B-cell lymphoma
関: B細胞性悪性リンパ腫

「B細胞型悪性リンパ腫」

　　[★]

英: B-cell lymphoma, B-cell malignant lymphoma

「marginal zone B-cell lymphoma」

　　[★]

辺縁帯B細胞リンパ腫

関: lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue、MALT lymphoma、mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

「extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT」

　　[★] MALT関連節外性辺縁帯B細胞リンパ腫

「extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue」