WordNet

convert grain into malt
convert into malt
treat with malt or malt extract; "malt beer"
turn into malt, become malt
a lager of high alcohol content; by law it is considered too alcoholic to be sold as lager or beer (同)malt liquor
a cereal grain (usually barley) that is kiln-dried after having been germinated by soaking in water; used especially in brewing and distilling
a neoplasm of lymph tissue that is usually malignant; one of the four major types of cancer

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麦芽,麦もやし / (また『malt liquor』)麦芽酒(麦芽から作ったビール・エールなど) / 〈C〉=malted milk 2 / 〈麦〉‘を'麦芽にする;〈酒など〉‘を'麦芽で作る / 〈麦が〉麦芽になる
Massachusetts / mental age

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/06/13 17:20:10」(JST)

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MALT lymphoma (MALToma) is a form of lymphoma involving the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), frequently of the stomach, but virtually any mucosal site can be afflicted. It is a cancer originating from B cells in the marginal zone of the MALT, and is also called extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma.

Associations

Gastric MALT lymphoma is frequently associated (72–98%) with chronic inflammation as a result of the presence of Helicobacter pylori^[1], potentially involving chronic inflammation, or the action of H. pylori virulence factors such as CagA.^[2]

The initial diagnosis is made by biopsy of suspicious lesions on esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD, upper endoscopy). Simultaneous tests for H. pylori are also done to detect the presence of this microbe.

In other sites, chronic immune stimulation is also suspected in the pathogenesis (e.g. association between chronic autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and MALT lymphoma of the salivary gland and the thyroid).

Treatment

If the disease is limited to the stomach (which is assessed with computed tomography), then 70–80% of patients will have a complete regression on treatment with antibiotic eradication of H. pylori.^[3]

Others may be effectively controlled with the use of radiotherapy, or surgery. Both modalities may be curative in localized disease.

In contrast, if the disease has spread or has been refractory on antibiotics, chemotherapy may need to be considered.

A t(11;18)(q21;q21) chromosomal translocation, giving rise to a API2-MLT fusion gene,^[4] is predictive of poor response to eradication therapy.^[5]

Two other genetic alterations are known:

t(1;14)(p22;q32) which deregulates BCL10, at the locus 1p22.
t(14;18)(q32;q21), which deregulates MALT1, at the locus 18q21.

These seem to turn-on the same pathway as API2-MLT (i.e., that of NF-κB). They both act upon IGH,^[6] which is at the locus 14q32.

Epidemiology

Of all cancers involving the same class of blood cell, 8% of cases are MALT lymphomas.^[7]

References

^ Parsonnet J, Hansen S, Rodriguez L, Gelb A, Warnke R, Jellum E, Orentreich N, Vogelman J, Friedman G (1994). "Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric lymphoma.". N Engl J Med 330 (18): 1267–71. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199405053301803. PMID 8145781.
^ Hatakeyama, M. & Higashi, H. (2005). "Helicobacter pylori CagA: a new paradigm for bacterial carcinogenesis". Cancer Science 96: 835–843. DOI:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00130.x. PMID 16367902.
^ Bayerdörffer E, Neubauer A, Rudolph B, Thiede C, Lehn N, Eidt S, Stolte M (1995). "Regression of primary gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. MALT Lymphoma Study Group.". Lancet 345 (8965): 1591–4. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90113-2. PMID 7783535.
^ Noels H, van Loo G, Hagens S, et al. (April 2007). "A Novel TRAF6 binding site in MALT1 defines distinct mechanisms of NF-kappaB activation by API2middle dotMALT1 fusions". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (14): 10180–9. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M611038200. PMID 17287209. http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17287209.
^ Liu H, Ruskon-Fourmestraux A, Lavergne-Slove A, Ye H, Molina T, Bouhnik Y, Hamoudi R, Diss T, Dogan A, Megraud F, Rambaud J, Du M, Isaacson P (2001). "Resistance of t(11;18) positive gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma to Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy.". Lancet 357 (9249): 39–40. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03571-6. PMID 11197361.
^ Ye H, Gong L, Liu H, et al. (February 2005). "MALT lymphoma with t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH-MALT1 is characterized by strong cytoplasmic MALT1 and BCL10 expression". J. Pathol. 205 (3): 293–301. DOI:10.1002/path.1715. PMID 15682443.
^ Turgeon, Mary Louise (2005). Clinical hematology: theory and procedures. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 283. ISBN 0-7817-5007-5. "Frequency of lymphoid neoplasms. (Source: Modified from WHO Blue Book on Tumour of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 2001, p. 2001.)"

UpToDate Contents

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1. 節外（MALT）および節性濾胞辺縁帯リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of extranodal malt and nodal marginal zone lymphomas
2. 辺縁帯（MALT）リンパ腫の治療 treatment of marginal zone malt lymphoma
3. 脾辺縁帯リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of splenic marginal zone lymphoma
4. 原発性皮膚辺縁帯リンパ腫 primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
5. 進行期（III/IV）濾胞性リンパ腫の初期治療 initial treatment of advanced stage iii iv follicular lymphoma

English Journal

Secondary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of the colon.

Shaheen S, Guddati AK.SourceDepartment of Internal Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, 50 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA.
Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England).Med Oncol.2013 Jun;30(2):502. doi: 10.1007/s12032-013-0502-2. Epub 2013 Feb 20.
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type lymphomas most commonly occur in the stomach and have been associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. However, MALT-type lymphoma of the colon is a rare entity. It commonly manifests with symptoms of weight loss, low-grade fever, constipation, melena
PMID 23423787

Nodular Pulmonary Amyloidosis Is Characterized by Localized Immunoglobulin Deposition and Is Frequently Associated With an Indolent B-cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder.

Grogg KL, Aubry MC, Vrana JA, Theis JD, Dogan A.SourceDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
The American journal of surgical pathology.Am J Surg Pathol.2013 Mar;37(3):406-12. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318272fe19.
Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis, a rare localized form of amyloidosis, has been associated with immunoglobulin light chains (AL type) and variably with low-grade lymphoma. The clinicopathologic features of 18 cases were investigated; 5 of 14 had autoimmune disease. In 14 cases monotypic plasma cells c
PMID 23282974

Japanese Journal

症例報告腫瘍内部に結核性病変が並存した肺MALTリンパ腫

井上盛浩,井脇康宣,華見 [他]
臨床血液 53(11), 1921-1925, 2012-11
NAID 40019507297

アミロイド沈着を伴った播種性肺MALTリンパ腫の1剖検例

阪下健太郎,高森幹雄,村田研吾,和田曉彦,藤田明
気管支学 : 日本気管支研究会雑誌 34(5), 479-485, 2012-09-25
… 背景.アミロイド沈着はMALTリンパ腫における予後不良因子であるとの報告が散見される.異時性に診断された本例の肺と胃のMALTリンパ腫はともにALアミロイドの沈着を伴っていた.アミロイド沈着とMALTリンパ腫について,文献的考察を加え報告する.症例. …
NAID 110009518314

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「marginal zone B-cell lymphoma」「lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue」
関連記事	「malt」「MA」「MALT」

「marginal zone B-cell lymphoma」

MALT lymphoma
	Classification and external resources
	; Endoscopic image of gastric MALT lymphoma taken in body of stomach in patient who presented with upper GI hemorrhage. Appearance is similar to gastric ulcer with adherent clot.
ICD-9	200.3
ICD-O:	M9699/3
OMIM	604860
DiseasesDB	31339
MeSH	D018442

　　[★]

辺縁帯B細胞リンパ腫

関: lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue、MALT lymphoma、mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

「lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue」

　　[★] 粘膜関連リンパ組織リンパ腫

関: MALT lymphoma、marginal zone B-cell lymphoma、mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

「malt」

　　[★]

n.

麦芽

関: cereal、grain、triticale、wheat germ

「MA」

　　[★]

「MALT」

　　[★] 粘膜関連リンパ組織

[0] Parsonnet J, Hansen S, Rodriguez L, Gelb A, Warnke R, Jellum E, Orentreich N, Vogelman J, Friedman G (1994). "Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric lymphoma.". N Engl J Med 330 (18): 1267–71. DOI:10.1056/NEJM199405053301803. PMID 8145781.

[pmid16367902-1] Hatakeyama, M. & Higashi, H. (2005). "Helicobacter pylori CagA: a new paradigm for bacterial carcinogenesis". Cancer Science 96: 835–843. DOI:10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00130.x. PMID 16367902.

[2] Bayerdörffer E, Neubauer A, Rudolph B, Thiede C, Lehn N, Eidt S, Stolte M (1995). "Regression of primary gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type after cure of Helicobacter pylori infection. MALT Lymphoma Study Group.". Lancet 345 (8965): 1591–4. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(95)90113-2. PMID 7783535.

[pmid17287209-3] Noels H, van Loo G, Hagens S, et al. (April 2007). "A Novel TRAF6 binding site in MALT1 defines distinct mechanisms of NF-kappaB activation by API2middle dotMALT1 fusions". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (14): 10180–9. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M611038200. PMID 17287209. http://www.jbc.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17287209.

[4] Liu H, Ruskon-Fourmestraux A, Lavergne-Slove A, Ye H, Molina T, Bouhnik Y, Hamoudi R, Diss T, Dogan A, Megraud F, Rambaud J, Du M, Isaacson P (2001). "Resistance of t(11;18) positive gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma to Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy.". Lancet 357 (9249): 39–40. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03571-6. PMID 11197361.

[pmid15682443-5] Ye H, Gong L, Liu H, et al. (February 2005). "MALT lymphoma with t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH-MALT1 is characterized by strong cytoplasmic MALT1 and BCL10 expression". J. Pathol. 205 (3): 293–301. DOI:10.1002/path.1715. PMID 15682443.

[isbn0-7817-5007-5-6] Turgeon, Mary Louise (2005). Clinical hematology: theory and procedures. Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 283. ISBN 0-7817-5007-5. "Frequency of lymphoid neoplasms. (Source: Modified from WHO Blue Book on Tumour of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 2001, p. 2001.)"

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MALT lymphoma