同: 25-D

同: 25(OH)D

WordNet

the 4th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)d
any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism
being or containing a hydroxyl group

PrepTutorEJDIC

deuteriumの化学記号
『ビタミン』,栄養素(身体の喜常な機能を維持するために少量ながら必要な有機化合物)
(おもに人称代名詞・固有名詞(人名),thereの後で)had, wouldの短縮形 / (疑問文でwhere,what,whenの後で)didの短縮形;Where'd he go?=Where did he go?

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/01/19 12:52:29」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Calcifediol (INN), also known as calcidiol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D (abbreviated 25(OH)D),^[1] is a prehormone that is produced in the liver by hydroxylation of vitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol) by the enzyme cholecalciferol 25-hydroxylase which was isolated by Michael F. Holick. Physicians worldwide measure this metabolite to determine a patient's vitamin D status.^[2] At a typical daily intake of vitamin D3, its full conversion to calcifediol takes approximately 7 days.^[3]

Calcifediol is then converted in the kidneys (by the enzyme 25(OH)D-1α-hydroxylase) into calcitriol (1,25-(OH)₂D₃), a secosteroid hormone that is the active form of vitamin D. It can also be converted into 24-hydroxycalcidiol in the kidneys via 24-hydroxylation.^[4]^[5]

Blood test

In medicine, a 25-hydroxy vitamin D (calcidiol) blood test is used to determine how much vitamin D is in the body.^[6] The blood concentration of calcidiol is considered the best indicator of vitamin D status.^[7]

This test can be used to diagnose vitamin D deficiency, and it is indicated in patients with high risk for vitamin D deficiency and when the results of the test would be used as supporting evidence for beginning aggressive therapies.^[8] Patients with osteoporosis, chronic kidney disease, malabsorption, obesity, and some other infections may be high risk and thus have greater indication for this test.^[8] Although vitamin D deficiency is common in some populations including those living at higher latitudes or with limited sun exposure, the 25(OH)D test is not indicated for entire populations.^[8] Physicians may advise low risk patients to take over-the-counter vitamin D in place of having screening.^[8]

It is the most sensitive measure,^[9] though experts have called for improved standardization and reproducibility across different laboratories.^[7] According to MedlinePlus, the normal range of calcidiol is 30.0 to 74.0 ng/mL.^[6] The normal range varies widely depending on several factors, including age and geographic location. A broad reference range of 20–150 nmol/L (8-60 ng/ml) has also been suggested,^[10] while other studies have defined levels below 80 nmol/L (32 ng/ml) as indicative of vitamin D deficiency.^[11]

US labs generally report 25(OH)D levels as ng/mL. Other countries often use nmol/L. Multiply ng/mL by 2.5 to convert to nmol/L.

Clinical significance

Increasing calcidiol levels are associated with increasing fractional absorption of calcium from the gut up to levels of 80 nmol/L (32 ng/mL).^{[citation needed]} Urinary calcium excretion balances intestinal calcium absorption and does not increase with calcidiol levels up to ~400 nmol/L (160 ng/mL).^[12]

A study by Cedric F. Garland and Frank C. Garland of the University of California, San Diego analyzed the blood from 25,000 volunteers from Washington County, Maryland, finding that those with the highest levels of calcifediol had a risk of colon cancer that was one-fifth of typical rates.^[13] However, randomized controlled trials failed to find a significant correlation between vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colon cancer.^[14]

A 2012 registry study of the population of Copenhagen, Denmark, found a correlation between both low and high serum levels and increased mortality, with a level of 50–60 nmol/L being associated with the lowest mortality. The study did not show causation.^[15]^[16]

Interactive pathway map

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. ^{[§ 1]}

[[File:

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

[[

]]

|{{{bSize}}}px|alt=Vitamin D Synthesis Pathway edit]]

File:VitaminDSynthesis WP1531.png

Vitamin D Synthesis Pathway edit

^ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "VitaminDSynthesis_WP1531".

References

^ "Nomenclature of Vitamin D. Recommendations 1981. IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN)" reproduced at the Queen Mary, University of London website. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
^ Holick, MF; Deluca, HF; Avioli, LV (1972). "Isolation and identification of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol from human plasma". Archives of Internal Medicine 129 (1): 56–61. doi:10.1001/archinte.1972.00320010060005. PMID 4332591.
^ Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1738–42 PMID 18541563
^ Bender, David A.; Mayes, Peter A (2006). "Micronutrients: Vitamins & Minerals". In Victor W. Rodwell; Murray, Robert F.; Harper, Harold W.; Granner, Darryl K.; Mayes, Peter A. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry. New York: Lange/McGraw-Hill. pp. 492–3. ISBN 0-07-146197-3. Retrieved December 10, 2008 through Google Book Search.
^ Institute of Medicine (1997). "Vitamin D". Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press. p. 254. ISBN 0-309-06403-1.
^ ^a ^b "25-hydroxy vitamin D test: Medline Plus". Retrieved 21 March 2010.
^ ^a ^b Heaney, Robert P (Dec 2004). "Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramifications of vitamin D deficiency". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80 (6): 1706S–9S. PMID 15585791.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d American Society for Clinical Pathology, "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation (American Society for Clinical Pathology), retrieved August 1, 2013 , which cites
1. - Sattar, N.; Welsh, P.; Panarelli, M.; Forouhi, N. G. (2012). "Increasing requests for vitamin D measurement: Costly, confusing, and without credibility". The Lancet 379 (9811): 95–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61816-3. PMID 22243814.
  - Bilinski, K. L.; Boyages, S. C. (2012). "The rising cost of vitamin D testing in Australia: Time to establish guidelines for testing". The Medical Journal of Australia 197 (2): 90. doi:10.5694/mja12.10561. PMID 22794049.
  - Lu, Chuanyi M. (May 2012). "Pathology consultation on vitamin D testing: Clinical indications for 25(OH) vitamin D measurement [Letter to the editor]". American Journal Clinical Pathology (American Society for Clinical Pathology) (137): 831–832. , which cites
    - Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.
  - Holick, M. F.; Binkley, N. C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; Gordon, C. M.; Hanley, D. A.; Heaney, R. P.; Murad, M. H.; Weaver, C. M. (2011). "Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96 (7): 1911–1930. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385. PMID 21646368.
^ Institute of Medicine (1997), p. 259
^ Bender, David A. (2003). "Vitamin D". Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80388-8. Retrieved December 10, 2008 through Google Book Search.
^ Hollis BW (February 2005). "Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels indicative of vitamin D sufficiency: implications for establishing a new effective dietary intake recommendation for vitamin D". J Nutr 135 (2): 317–22. PMID 15671234.
^ Kimball; et al. (2004). "Safety of vitamin D3 in adults with multiple sclerosis". J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 (3): 645–51. PMID 17823429.
^ Maugh II, Thomas H. "Frank C. Garland dies at 60; epidemiologist helped show importance of vitamin D: Garland and his brother Cedric were the first to demonstrate that vitamin D deficiencies play a role in cancer and other diseases.", Los Angeles Times, August 31, 2010. Accessed September 4, 2010.
^ Wactawski-Wende, J; Kotchen, JM, Women's Health Initiative Investigators (Mar 9, 2006). "Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer.". N Engl J Med 954 (10): 1102. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa055222. PMID 16481636. Retrieved December 28, 2013.
^ "Too much vitamin D can be as unhealthy as too little" (Press release). University of Copenhagen. May 29, 2012. Retrieved 2015-05-27.
^ Durup, D.; Jørgensen, H. L.; Christensen, J.; Schwarz, P.; Heegaard, A. M.; Lind, B. (May 9, 2012). "A Reverse J-Shaped Association of All-Cause Mortality with Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in General Practice: The CopD Study". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (Endocrine Society) 97 (8): 2644–2652. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1176. Retrieved 2015-05-27.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 成人におけるビタミンD欠乏症：定義、臨床症状、および治療 vitamin d deficiency in adults definition clinical manifestations and treatment
2. 骨粗鬆症におけるカルシウムおよびビタミンDの補充 calcium and vitamin d supplementation in osteoporosis
3. 先天性角化異常症とその他の短縮テロメア症候群 dyskeratosis congenita and other short telomere syndromes
4. 慢性腎臓病患者の骨粗鬆症：マネージメント osteoporosis in patients with chronic kidney disease management
5. 不安症状および不安障害に対する補完代替療法：漢方薬および栄養補助食品 complementary and alternative treatments for anxiety symptoms and disorders herbs and medications

English Journal

Quantitation of 25-OH-Vitamin-D2 and 25-OH-Vitamin-D3 in Urine Using LC-MS/MS.

Carlow DC1, Schofield RC2, Denburg M3.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2016;1378:321-9. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3182-8_33.
Patients with significant proteinuria represent a unique population with respect to vitamin D status due to the urinary losses of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) to which >99 % of circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) is bound. Low serum concentrations of 25(OH)D have been found in children
PMID 26602143

High-Throughput Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Testing with Automated Sample Preparation.

Stone J1.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.).Methods Mol Biol.2016;1378:301-20. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3182-8_32.
Serum from bar-coded tubes, and then internal standard, are pipetted to 96-well plates with an 8-channel automated liquid handler (ALH). The first precipitation reagent (methanol:ZnSO4) is added and mixed with the 8-channel ALH. A second protein precipitating agent, 1 % formic acid in acetonitrile,
PMID 26602142

Vitamin D status in psychotic disorder patients and healthy controls - The influence of ethnic background.

Nerhus M1, Berg AO2, Dahl SR3, Holvik K4, Gardsjord ES2, Weibell MA5, Bjella TD2, Andreassen OA2, Melle I2.
Psychiatry research.Psychiatry Res.2015 Dec 15;230(2):616-21. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.10.015. Epub 2015 Oct 20.
Vitamin D deficiency is common among patients with psychotic disorders and could be due to unknown disease mechanisms or contingent factors. However most studies are performed in chronic patients and have often failed to address the influence of ethnicity on vitamin D levels in clinical samples. We
PMID 26500071

Japanese Journal

Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Internal Medicine 55(2), 121-126, 2016
NAID 130005119769

Circulating Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Has a U-Shaped Association With Atrial Fibrillation Prevalence

Circulation Journal 79(8), 1742-1748, 2015
NAID 130005089363

介護老人保健施設入所者の転倒予防介入効果検証:～準ランダム化比較試験～

日本転倒予防学会誌 1(3), 29-36, 2015
NAID 130005087871

「D」

Calcifediol
Names
	IUPAC names (6R)-6-[(1R,3aR,4E,7aR)-4-[(2Z)-2-[(5S)-5-; Hydroxy-2-methylidene-cyclohexylidene]; ethylidene]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-; 1H-inden-1-yl]-2-methyl-heptan-2-ol
	Other names 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3; 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol; Calcifediol
Identifiers
CAS Number	19356-17-3
ChEBI	CHEBI:17933
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1222
ChemSpider	4446820
DrugBank	DB00146
IUPHAR/BPS	6921
Jmol interactive 3D	Image
MeSH	Calcifediol
PubChem	5283731
UNII	T0WXW8F54E
	InChI InChI=1S/C27H44O2/c1-19-10-13-23(28)18-22(19)12-11-21-9-7-17-27(5)24(14-15-25(21)27)20(2)8-6-16-26(3,4)29/h11-12,20,23-25,28-29H,1,6-10,13-18H2,2-5H3/b21-11+,22-12-/t20-,23+,24-,25+,27-/m1/s1 Key: JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-DTOXIADCSA-N ; InChI=1/C27H44O2/c1-19-10-13-23(28)18-22(19)12-11-21-9-7-17-27(5)24(14-15-25(21)27)20(2)8-6-16-26(3,4)29/h11-12,20,23-25,28-29H,1,6-10,13-18H2,2-5H3/b21-11+,22-12-/t20-,23+,24-,25+,27-/m1/s1 Key: JWUBBDSIWDLEOM-DTOXIADCBI ;
	SMILES O[C@@H]1CC(\C(=C)CC1)=C\C=C2/CCC[C@]3([C@H]2CC[C@@H]3[C@H](C)CCCC(O)(C)C)C ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C27H44O2
Molar mass	400.64 g/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code	A11CC06
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

アスパラギン酸
ジヒドロウリジン
遠位の distal,
うつ病 depression
下行結腸 descending colon(大腸内視鏡検査の結果を記載するときに用いる)

「hydroxy」

　　[★]

ヒドロキシ、ハイドロキシ、水酸化

関: hydroxylation

「hydro」

　　[★] ヒドロ、ハイドロ

[WikiPathways-17] The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "VitaminDSynthesis_WP1531".

[1] "Nomenclature of Vitamin D. Recommendations 1981. IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN)" reproduced at the Queen Mary, University of London website. Retrieved 21 March 2010.

[2] Holick, MF; Deluca, HF; Avioli, LV (1972). "Isolation and identification of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol from human plasma". Archives of Internal Medicine 129 (1): 56–61. doi:10.1001/archinte.1972.00320010060005. PMID 4332591.

[3] Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87:1738–42 PMID 18541563

[4] Bender, David A.; Mayes, Peter A (2006). "Micronutrients: Vitamins & Minerals". In Victor W. Rodwell; Murray, Robert F.; Harper, Harold W.; Granner, Darryl K.; Mayes, Peter A. Harper's Illustrated Biochemistry. New York: Lange/McGraw-Hill. pp. 492–3. ISBN 0-07-146197-3. Retrieved December 10, 2008 through Google Book Search.

[5] Institute of Medicine (1997). "Vitamin D". Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press. p. 254. ISBN 0-309-06403-1.

[MedlinePlus-6] "25-hydroxy vitamin D test: Medline Plus". Retrieved 21 March 2010.

[heaney-7] Heaney, Robert P (Dec 2004). "Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramifications of vitamin D deficiency". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 80 (6): 1706S–9S. PMID 15585791.

[ASCPfive-8] American Society for Clinical Pathology, "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question", Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation (American Society for Clinical Pathology), retrieved August 1, 2013 , which cites

Sattar, N.; Welsh, P.; Panarelli, M.; Forouhi, N. G. (2012). "Increasing requests for vitamin D measurement: Costly, confusing, and without credibility". The Lancet 379 (9811): 95–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61816-3. PMID 22243814.

Bilinski, K. L.; Boyages, S. C. (2012). "The rising cost of vitamin D testing in Australia: Time to establish guidelines for testing". The Medical Journal of Australia 197 (2): 90. doi:10.5694/mja12.10561. PMID 22794049.

Lu, Chuanyi M. (May 2012). "Pathology consultation on vitamin D testing: Clinical indications for 25(OH) vitamin D measurement [Letter to the editor]". American Journal Clinical Pathology (American Society for Clinical Pathology) (137): 831–832. , which cites

Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.

Holick, M. F.; Binkley, N. C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; Gordon, C. M.; Hanley, D. A.; Heaney, R. P.; Murad, M. H.; Weaver, C. M. (2011). "Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96 (7): 1911–1930. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385. PMID 21646368.

[10] Sattar, N.; Welsh, P.; Panarelli, M.; Forouhi, N. G. (2012). "Increasing requests for vitamin D measurement: Costly, confusing, and without credibility". The Lancet 379 (9811): 95–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61816-3. PMID 22243814.

Bilinski, K. L.; Boyages, S. C. (2012). "The rising cost of vitamin D testing in Australia: Time to establish guidelines for testing". The Medical Journal of Australia 197 (2): 90. doi:10.5694/mja12.10561. PMID 22794049.

Lu, Chuanyi M. (May 2012). "Pathology consultation on vitamin D testing: Clinical indications for 25(OH) vitamin D measurement [Letter to the editor]". American Journal Clinical Pathology (American Society for Clinical Pathology) (137): 831–832. , which cites

Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.

Holick, M. F.; Binkley, N. C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; Gordon, C. M.; Hanley, D. A.; Heaney, R. P.; Murad, M. H.; Weaver, C. M. (2011). "Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96 (7): 1911–1930. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385. PMID 21646368.

[11] Sattar, N.; Welsh, P.; Panarelli, M.; Forouhi, N. G. (2012). "Increasing requests for vitamin D measurement: Costly, confusing, and without credibility". The Lancet 379 (9811): 95–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61816-3. PMID 22243814.

[12] Bilinski, K. L.; Boyages, S. C. (2012). "The rising cost of vitamin D testing in Australia: Time to establish guidelines for testing". The Medical Journal of Australia 197 (2): 90. doi:10.5694/mja12.10561. PMID 22794049.

[13] Lu, Chuanyi M. (May 2012). "Pathology consultation on vitamin D testing: Clinical indications for 25(OH) vitamin D measurement [Letter to the editor]". American Journal Clinical Pathology (American Society for Clinical Pathology) (137): 831–832. , which cites

Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.

[14] Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.

[15] Holick, M. F.; Binkley, N. C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; Gordon, C. M.; Hanley, D. A.; Heaney, R. P.; Murad, M. H.; Weaver, C. M. (2011). "Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96 (7): 1911–1930. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385. PMID 21646368.

[9] Institute of Medicine (1997), p. 259

[10] Bender, David A. (2003). "Vitamin D". Nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80388-8. Retrieved December 10, 2008 through Google Book Search.

[11] Hollis BW (February 2005). "Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels indicative of vitamin D sufficiency: implications for establishing a new effective dietary intake recommendation for vitamin D". J Nutr 135 (2): 317–22. PMID 15671234.

[12] Kimball; et al. (2004). "Safety of vitamin D3 in adults with multiple sclerosis". J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86 (3): 645–51. PMID 17823429.

[13] Maugh II, Thomas H. "Frank C. Garland dies at 60; epidemiologist helped show importance of vitamin D: Garland and his brother Cedric were the first to demonstrate that vitamin D deficiencies play a role in cancer and other diseases.", Los Angeles Times, August 31, 2010. Accessed September 4, 2010.

[14] Wactawski-Wende, J; Kotchen, JM, Women's Health Initiative Investigators (Mar 9, 2006). "Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer.". N Engl J Med 954 (10): 1102. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa055222. PMID 16481636. Retrieved December 28, 2013.

[15] "Too much vitamin D can be as unhealthy as too little" (Press release). University of Copenhagen. May 29, 2012. Retrieved 2015-05-27.

[16] Durup, D.; Jørgensen, H. L.; Christensen, J.; Schwarz, P.; Heegaard, A. M.; Lind, B. (May 9, 2012). "A Reverse J-Shaped Association of All-Cause Mortality with Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in General Practice: The CopD Study". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (Endocrine Society) 97 (8): 2644–2652. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1176. Retrieved 2015-05-27.

[24] Sattar, N.; Welsh, P.; Panarelli, M.; Forouhi, N. G. (2012). "Increasing requests for vitamin D measurement: Costly, confusing, and without credibility". The Lancet 379 (9811): 95–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61816-3. PMID 22243814.

Bilinski, K. L.; Boyages, S. C. (2012). "The rising cost of vitamin D testing in Australia: Time to establish guidelines for testing". The Medical Journal of Australia 197 (2): 90. doi:10.5694/mja12.10561. PMID 22794049.

Lu, Chuanyi M. (May 2012). "Pathology consultation on vitamin D testing: Clinical indications for 25(OH) vitamin D measurement [Letter to the editor]". American Journal Clinical Pathology (American Society for Clinical Pathology) (137): 831–832. , which cites

Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.

Holick, M. F.; Binkley, N. C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; Gordon, C. M.; Hanley, D. A.; Heaney, R. P.; Murad, M. H.; Weaver, C. M. (2011). "Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96 (7): 1911–1930. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385. PMID 21646368.

[25] Sattar, N.; Welsh, P.; Panarelli, M.; Forouhi, N. G. (2012). "Increasing requests for vitamin D measurement: Costly, confusing, and without credibility". The Lancet 379 (9811): 95–96. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61816-3. PMID 22243814.

[26] Bilinski, K. L.; Boyages, S. C. (2012). "The rising cost of vitamin D testing in Australia: Time to establish guidelines for testing". The Medical Journal of Australia 197 (2): 90. doi:10.5694/mja12.10561. PMID 22794049.

[27] Lu, Chuanyi M. (May 2012). "Pathology consultation on vitamin D testing: Clinical indications for 25(OH) vitamin D measurement [Letter to the editor]". American Journal Clinical Pathology (American Society for Clinical Pathology) (137): 831–832. , which cites

Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.

[28] Arya, S. C.; Agarwal, N. (2012). "Pathology Consultation on Vitamin D Testing: Clinical Indications for 25(OH) Vitamin D Measurement". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 137 (5): 832. doi:10.1309/AJCP2GP0GHKQRCOE. PMID 22523224.

[29] Holick, M. F.; Binkley, N. C.; Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A.; Gordon, C. M.; Hanley, D. A.; Heaney, R. P.; Murad, M. H.; Weaver, C. M. (2011). "Evaluation, Treatment, and Prevention of Vitamin D Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96 (7): 1911–1930. doi:10.1210/jc.2011-0385. PMID 21646368.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

25-hydroxy vitamin D