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1. 下顎、口、口腔、および咽頭の先天異常congenital anomalies of the jaw mouth oral cavity and pharynx [show details]
… mesenchyme derived from the first branchial arch and eventually fuse medially. Midline union of the mandibular portions of the first branchial arches,… The first branchial pouch arises in the pharynx and extends laterally and cephalad to contact the first branchial cleft,…
2. 上肢血行再建術の手術手技および血管内治療手技surgical and endovascular techniques for upper extremity revascularization [show details]
…the aortic arch . The subclavian artery passes over the first rib posterior to the anterior scalene muscle and becomes the axillary artery at the lateral margin of the first rib. The first part of the …
3. 正常な加齢normal aging [show details]
… diminishing physiologic reserves are available to meet challenges to homeostasis. This concept was first recognized by Walter Cannon in the 1940s . Homeostenosis leads to the increased vulnerability to disease … food clearance from the pharynx lead to increased aspiration risk in older adults. Additionally, protective aerodigestive reflexes in the pharynx stimulated by injecting… The frequency of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and its associated mutations reaches 50 percent in those over 90 .…
4. 成人における扁桃摘出tonsillectomy in adults [show details]
… innervates the pharyngeal muscles); anecdotally, ear pain may be relieved by chewing gum. We recommend appropriate use of liquid analgesics for pain in the first week postoperatively.… palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal arch (the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars),…
5. 貫通性頸部損傷：初期評価およびマネージメントpenetrating neck injuries initial evaluation and management [show details]
…frequently. Ten percent of such patients had laryngeal or tracheal injury, and 9.6 percent had pharyngeal or esophageal wounds. Vascular injuries were also common: 9 percent of patients sustained internal … trauma remains a source of debate. Two prospective studies underscore this difference of opinion. The first evaluated 393 consecutive patients with PNI and found that 30 percent had significant injuries discovered … vertebral vessels, the intracranial portion of the carotid artery in zone III injuries, and the aortic arch with its branches in zone I injuries. Duplex ultrasound is fast, noninvasive, and inexpensive, but …