出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/04/13 16:33:39」(JST)
A rest is an interval of silence in a piece of music, marked by a symbol indicating the length of the pause. Each rest symbol corresponds with a particular note value:
American English | British English |
---|---|
Long (or four-measure rest) | Long |
Double whole rest | Breve rest |
Whole rest | Semibreve rest |
Half rest | Minim rest |
Quarter rest | Crotchet rest |
Eighth rest | Quaver rest |
Sixteenth rest | Semiquaver rest |
Thirty-second rest | Demisemiquaver rest |
Sixty-fourth rest | Hemidemisemiquaver rest |
The quarter (crotchet) rest may also be found as a form in older music.[1][2]
(The four-measure rest or longa rest is a symbol found in Western musical notation denoting a silence four times the duration of a whole rest. They are only used in long silent passages which are not divided into bars.[citation needed]
The two-measure rest or breve rest is another symbol found in Western musical notation denoting a silence twice the duration of a whole rest.
The combination of rests used to mark a pause follows the same rules as for notes.[3] For more details see note value.
Time is the measure of actual sound as well as of the opposite, its omission.
—Franco of Cologne, [4]
When an entire bar is devoid of notes, a whole (semibreve) rest is used, regardless of the actual time signature.[3] The only exceptions are for a 4/2 time signature (four half notes per bar), when a double whole rest is typically used for a bar's rest, and for time signatures shorter than 3/16, when a rest of the actual measure length would be used.[5] For a 4/2 bar rest, it is also common to use the whole rest instead of the double whole rest, so that a whole-bar rest for all time signatures starting from 3/16 is notated using a whole note rest.[5] Some published (usually earlier) music places the numeral "1" above the rest to confirm the extent of the rest.
Occasionally in manuscript autographs and facsimiles, bars without notes are sometimes left completely empty, possibly even without the staves.[citation needed]
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In instrumental parts, rests of more than one bar in the same meter and key may be indicated with a multimeasure rest (British English: multiple bar rest), showing the number of bars of rest, as shown. Multimeasure rests of are usually drawn in one of two ways:
The number of whole-rest lengths for which the multimeasure rest lasts is indicated by a number printed above the musical staff (usually at the same size as the numerals in a time signature). If a meter or key change occurs during a multimeasure rest, the rest must be broken up as required for clarity, with the change of key and/or meter indicated between the rests. This also applies in the case of double barlines, which demarcate musical phrases or sections.
A rest may also have a dot after it, increasing its duration by half, but this is less commonly used than with notes, except occasionally in modern music notated in compound meters such as 6/8 or 12/8. In these meters the long-standing convention has been to indicate one beat of rest as a quarter rest followed by an eighth rest (equivalent to three eighths).
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