WordNet

of nerves and nerve impulses; conveying sensory information from the sense organs to the CNS; "afferent nerves"; "afferent impulses"
any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
relating to or affecting the viscera; "visceral bleeding"; "a splanchnic nerve" (同)splanchnic
internal organs collectively (especially those in the abdominal cavity); "`viscera is the plural form of `viscus" (同)entrails, innards
control of your emotions; "this kind of tension is not good for my nerves"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(神経・血管などが)求心性の(末梢(まっしょう)から中枢に向かうこと)
〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける
内臓の,腸の / 《米》本能的な,感情的な
内臓 / 《話》腸

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1. 成人における難治性胃食道逆流症へのアプローチ approach to refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults
2. 食道由来の胸痛を有する成人の評価 evaluation of the adult with chest pain of esophageal origin
3. 逆流性食道炎の病態生理 pathophysiology of reflux esophagitis
4. 成人における機能性胃腸症 functional dyspepsia in adults
5. 過敏性腸症候群の病態生理 pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome

English Journal

A novel anterograde neuronal tracing technique to selectively label spinal afferent nerve endings that encode noxious and innocuous stimuli in visceral organs.

Kyloh M1, Spencer NJ.Author information 1Discipline of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.AbstractBACKGROUND: One major weakness in our understanding of pain perception from visceral organs is the lack of knowledge of the location, morphology and neurochemistry of all the different types of spinal afferent nerve endings, which detect noxious and innocuous stimuli. This is because we lack techniques to selectively label only spinal afferents. Our aim was to develop an anterograde tracing technique that labels only spinal afferent nerve endings in visceral organs, without also labeling all other classes of extrinsic afferent and efferent nerves.
Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.Neurogastroenterol Motil.2014 Mar;26(3):440-4. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12266. Epub 2013 Dec 3.
BACKGROUND: One major weakness in our understanding of pain perception from visceral organs is the lack of knowledge of the location, morphology and neurochemistry of all the different types of spinal afferent nerve endings, which detect noxious and innocuous stimuli. This is because we lack techniq
PMID 24460783

Gastrointestinal hormones and the dialogue between gut and brain.

Dockray GJ.Author information University of Liverpool,, United Kingdom.AbstractThe landmark discovery by Bayliss and Starling in 1902 of the first hormone, secretin, emerged from earlier observations that a response (pancreatic secretion) following a stimulus (intestinal acidification) occurred after section of the relevant afferent nerve pathway. Nearly 80 years elapsed before it became clear that visceral afferent neurons could themselves also be targets for gut and other hormones. The action of gut hormones on vagal afferent neurons is now recognised to be an early step in controlling nutrient delivery to the intestine by regulating food intake and gastric emptying. Interest in these mechanisms has grown rapidly in view of the alarming global increase in obesity. Several of the gut hormones (cholecystokinin, CCK; PYY3-36; glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1) excite vagal afferent neurons to activate an ascending pathway leading to inhibition of food intake. Conversely others eg ghrelin, that are released in the inter-digestive period, inhibit vagal afferent neurons leading to increased food intake. Nutrient status determines the neurochemical phenotype of vagal afferent neurons by regulating a switch between states that promote orexigenic or anorexigenic signalling through mechanisms mediated, at least partly, by CCK. Gut-brain signalling is also influenced by leptin, by gut inflammation and by shifts in the gut microbiota including those that occur in obesity. Moreover, there is emerging evidence that diet-induced obesity locks the phenotype of vagal afferent neurons in a state similar to that normally occurring during fasting. Vagal afferent neurons are therefore early integrators of peripheral signals underling homeostatic mechanisms controlling nutrient intake. They may also provide new targets in developing treatments for obesity and feeding disorders.
The Journal of physiology.J Physiol.2014 Feb 24. [Epub ahead of print]
The landmark discovery by Bayliss and Starling in 1902 of the first hormone, secretin, emerged from earlier observations that a response (pancreatic secretion) following a stimulus (intestinal acidification) occurred after section of the relevant afferent nerve pathway. Nearly 80 years elapsed befor
PMID 24566540

Differential content of vesicular glutamate transporters in subsets of vagal afferents projecting to the nucleus tractus solitarii in the rat.

Hermes SM1, Colbert JF, Aicher SA.Author information 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239-3098.AbstractThe vagus nerve contains primary visceral afferents that convey sensory information from cardiovascular, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal tissues to the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). The heterogeneity of vagal afferents and their central terminals within the NTS is a common obstacle for evaluating functional groups of afferents. To determine whether different anterograde tracers can be used to identify distinct subpopulations of vagal afferents within NTS, we injected cholera toxin B subunit (CTb) and isolectin B4 (IB4) into the vagus nerve. Confocal analyses of medial NTS following injections of both CTb and IB4 into the same vagus nerve resulted in labeling of two exclusive populations of fibers. The ultrastructural patterns were also distinct. CTb was found in both myelinated and unmyelinated vagal axons and terminals in medial NTS, whereas IB4 was found only in unmyelinated afferents. Both tracers were observed in terminals with asymmetric synapses, suggesting excitatory transmission. Because glutamate is thought to be the neurotransmitter at this first primary afferent synapse in NTS, we determined whether vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) were differentially distributed among the two distinct populations of vagal afferents. Anterograde tracing from the vagus with CTb or IB4 was combined with immunohistochemistry for VGLUT1 or VGLUT2 in medial NTS and evaluated with confocal microscopy. CTb-labeled afferents contained primarily VGLUT2 (83%), whereas IB4-labeled afferents had low levels of vesicular transporters, VGLUT1 (5%) or VGLUT2 (21%). These findings suggest the possibility that glutamate release from unmyelinated vagal afferents may be regulated by a distinct, non-VGLUT, mechanism.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Feb 15;522(3):642-53. doi: 10.1002/cne.23438.
The vagus nerve contains primary visceral afferents that convey sensory information from cardiovascular, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal tissues to the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). The heterogeneity of vagal afferents and their central terminals within the NTS is a common obstacle for evaluating
PMID 23897509