WordNet

any agent that produces vasoconstriction and a rise in blood pressure (usually understood as increased arterial pressure)
increasing (or tending to increase) blood pressure; "pressor reflexes"

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/28 10:21:11」(JST)

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An antihypotensive agent, also known as a vasopressor agent, is any medication that tends to raise reduced blood pressure.^[1] Some antihypotensive drugs act as vasoconstrictors to increase total peripheral resistance, others sensitize adrenoreceptors to catecholamines - glucocorticoids,^[2] and the third class increase cardiac output - dopamine, dobutamine.

If low blood pressure is due to blood loss, then preparations increasing volume of blood circulation—plasma-substituting solutions such as colloid and crystalloid solutions (salt solutions)^[3]—will raise the blood pressure without any direct vasopressor activity. Packed RBCs, plasma or whole blood should not be used solely for volume expansion or to increase oncotic pressure of circulating blood.^[4] Blood products should only be used if reduced oxygen carrying capacity or coagulopathy is present.^[4] Other causes of either absolute (dehydration, loss of plasma via wound/burns) or relative (third space losses) vascular volume depletion also respond, although blood products are only indicated if significantly anemic.

Classification

Antihypotensive agents can be classified as follows:^[5]

Sympathomimetics
- Epinephrine
- Noradrenaline hydrotartrate
- Phenylephrine ( Mesaton )
- Dobutamine
- Dopamine
- Ephedrine hydrochloride
- Midodrine
- Amezinium

Myotropic drugs
Angiotensinamide

S-alkylisothiouronium derivatives
- Difetur
- Izoturon
Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
- Hydrocortisone
- Prednisone, Prednisolone
- Dexamethasone, Betamethasone
- Fludrocortisone
Analeptics
- Bemegride
- Caffeine
- Camphora
- Cordiamine
Psychotropics
- Amphetamine
- Atomoxetine
- Bupropion
- Duloxetine
- Methamphetamine
- Methylphenidate
- Reboxetine
- Venlafaxine
Positive inotropic agents
- Cardiac glycosides
  - Strophantin K
  - Corglycon
  - Digoxin
- Others
- Amrinone
- Milrinone

References

^ "Antihypotensive definition". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2014-06-10.
^ "Stress-induced alteration in the lipolytic response to β-adrenoceptor agonists in rat white adipocytes". JLR.org. Retrieved 2014-06-10.
^ http://210.92.32.145/BioAPP/test/COMMON-DRUGS.pdf^{[dead link]}
^ ^a ^b http://www.aabb.org/resources/bct/Documents/coi0413.pdf^{[dead link]}
^ "4th test". Scribd.com. Retrieved 2014-06-10.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Inhibitory effects of fucoidan on NMDA receptors and l-type Ca channels regulating the Ca responses in rat neurons.

Wu H, Gao S, Terakawa S.
Pharmaceutical biology. 2019 Dec;57(1)1-7.
Fucoidan, a sulphated polysaccharide extracted from brown algae [Fucus vesiculosus Linn. (Fucaceae)], has multiple biological activities. The effects of fucoidan on Ca responses of rat neurons and its probable mechanisms with focus on glutamate receptors were examined. The neurons isolated from the
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Circulating Biologically Active Adrenomedullin Predicts Organ Failure and Mortality in Sepsis.

Kim H, Hur M, Struck J, Bergmann A, Di Somma S.
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Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Biologically active adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) is an emerging biomarker for sepsis. We explored whether bio-ADM concentration could predict severity, organ failure, and 30-day mortality in septic patien
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Comparing the effects of diethylhexyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate exposure on hypertension in mice.

Xie X, Deng T, Duan J, Ding S, Yuan J, Chen M.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety. 2019 Jun;174()75-82.
Epidemiological studies have shown that high molecular weight phthalates (HMW) such as diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), are associated with hypertension in humans, while low molecular weight phthalates (LMW) such as dibutyl phthalate (DBP), have hardly any impact on the elevation of blood pressure. Ho
PMID 30822670

Japanese Journal

心停止患者への薬物治療

本間正人
循環器内科 75(2), 211-216, 2014-02
NAID 40019987394

Gastrointestinal Complications after Mitral Valve Surgery

Gulkarov Iosif,Trocciola Susan M,Yokoyama Christina C,Girardi Leonard N,Krieger Karl K,Isom O Wayne,Salemi Arash
Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2013
… By univariate analysis, a history of hypertension, chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), hypercholesterolemia, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, cardiogenic shock, emergency valve surgery, coronary artery bypass surgery and preoperative vasopressor use were each associated with an increased incidence of GI complications (p <0.05). … 95% CI, 2.2–30.0) and vasopressor use (OR 6.5; …
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