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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/25 12:35:22」(JST)

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An antihypotensive agent, also known as a vasopressor agent, is any medication that tends to raise reduced blood pressure.^[1] Some antihypotensive drugs act as vasoconstrictors to increase total peripheral resistance, other sensitize adrenoreceptors to catecholamines - glucocorticoids,^[2] and the third class increase cardiac output - dopamine, dobutamine.

If hypotension is due to loss of blood, then preparations increasing volume of blood circulation—plasma-substituting solutions such as colloid and crystalloid solutions (salt solutions)^[3]—will raise the blood pressure without any direct vasopressor activity. Packed RBCs, plasma or whole blood should not be used solely for volume expansion or to increase oncotic pressure of circulating blood.^[4] Blood products should only be used if reduced oxygen carrying capacity or coagulopathy is present.^[4] Other causes of either absolute (dehydration, loss of plasma via wound/burns) or relative (third_space losses) vascular volume depletion also respond, although blood products are only indicated if significantly anemic.

Classification

Antihypotensive agents can be classified as follows:^[5]

Sympathomimetics
- Epinephrine
- Noradrenaline hydrotartrate
- Phenylephrine ( Mesaton )
- Dobutamine
- Dopamine
- Ephedrine hydrochloride
- Midodrine
- Amezinium

Myotropic drugs
Angiotensinamide

S-alkylisothiouronium derivatives
- Difetur
- Izoturon
Glucocorticoids
- Hydrocortisone
- Prednisone, Prednisolone
- Dexamethasone, Betamethasone
Analeptics
- Bemegride
- Caffeine
- Camphora
- Cordiamine
Psychotropics
- Amphetamine
- Atomoxetine
- Bupropion
- Duloxetine
- Methamphetamine
- Methylphenidate
- Reboxetine
- Venlafaxine
Positive inotropic agents
- Cardiac glycosides
  - Strophantin K
  - Corglycon
  - Digoxin
- Others
- Amrinone
- Milrinone

References

^ "Antihypotensive definition". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2014-06-10.
^ "Stress-induced alteration in the lipolytic response to β-adrenoceptor agonists in rat white adipocytes". JLR.org. Retrieved 2014-06-10.
^ http://210.92.32.145/BioAPP/test/COMMON-DRUGS.pdf^{[dead link]}
^ ^a ^b http://www.aabb.org/resources/bct/Documents/coi0413.pdf^{[dead link]}
^ "4th test". Scribd.com. Retrieved 2014-06-10.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 早産児の短期合併症 short term complications of the premature infant
2. 起立性低血圧および食後低血圧の治療 treatment of orthostatic and postprandial hypotension
3. 新生児高血圧の原因、臨床的特徴、および診断 etiology clinical features and diagnosis of neonatal hypertension

English Journal

Abstention or intervention for isolated hypotension in the first 3 days of life in extremely preterm infants: association with short-term outcomes in the EPIPAGE 2 cohort study.

Durrmeyer X1,2, Marchand-Martin L2, Porcher R3, Gascoin G4, Roze JC5, Storme L6, Favrais G7, Ancel PY2, Cambonie G8; Hemodynamic EPIPAGE 2 Study Group.
Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition.Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed.2017 Nov;102(6):490-496. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-312104. Epub 2017 Mar 16.
PMID 28302697

Severe Hypertension and Bradycardia Secondary to Midodrine Overdose.

Wong LY1, Wong A2,3,4, Robertson T5, Burns K5, Roberts M5, Isbister GK6.
Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology.J Med Toxicol.2017 Mar;13(1):88-90. doi: 10.1007/s13181-016-0574-4. Epub 2016 Jul 14.
PMID 27417951

Japanese Journal

Potent antihypotensive effect of amezinium metilsulfate and its pressor mechanism in hemodialysis patients.

TAGAWA H.
透析 26, 1791-1794, 1993
NAID 80007398681

透析低血圧に対するａｍｅｚｉｎｉｕｍ　ｍｅｔｉｌｓｕｌｆａｔｅの効果とその昇圧機序の検討

多川斉,齋藤肇,西尾恭介
日本透析療法学会雑誌 26(12), 1791-1794, 1993
低血圧を示す長期血液透析患者21例に新しい交感神経作動薬であるamezinium metilsulfate (Am) 1日10mgを5週間経口投与し, その有用性と安全性を検討するとともに, その昇圧機序を心臓超音波検査によって分析した. 副作用のため3例で投与を中止したが, いずれも尿閉, 頭痛など軽微な副作用であり, 投与中止によってただちに消失した. Am投与により, 平均血圧は透析開始時8 …
NAID 130003721170

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