WordNet

undergo a test; "She doesnt test well"
any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students" (同)mental test, mental testing, psychometric test
the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" (同)trial
the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" (同)trial, run
a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" (同)prove, try, try out, examine, essay
achieve a certain score or rating on a test; "She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools"
determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
show a certain characteristic when tested; "He tested positive for HIV"
a short respite (同)breather, breathing place, breathing space, breathing spell, breathing time
a slight movement of the air; "there wasnt a breath of air in the room"
the air that is inhaled and exhaled in respiration; "his sour breath offended her"
the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing; "he took a deep breath and dived into the pool"; "he was fighting to his last breath"
passing or able to pass air in and out of the lungs normally; sometimes used in combination; "the boy was disappointed to find only skeletons instead of living breathing dinosaurs"; "the heavy-breathing person on the telephone" (同)eupneic, eupnoeic
the bodily process of inhalation and exhalation; the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation (同)external_respiration, respiration, ventilation
an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
the chief solid component of mammalian urine; synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide and used as fertilizer and in animal feed and in plastics (同)carbamide

PrepTutorEJDIC

(人の能力などの)『試験』,考査,テスト / (物事の)『試験』,検済,試錬,実験《+of+名》 / 化学分析;試薬 / =test match / …‘を'『試験する』,検査する / …‘を'化学分析する / (…の)試験を受ける,試験をする《+for+名》
〈U〉『息』,『呼吸』;UC〉1回の吸気(め気) / 〈C〉(風の)そよぎ;(…の)かすかなかおり《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)ささやき(whisper)《+『of』+『名』》
〈U〉呼吸;一息 / 〈C〉一呼吸の間,瞬時 / 〈C〉休息,休止
尿素(にょうそ)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/24 00:13:39」(JST)

wiki en

The urea breath test is a rapid diagnostic procedure used to identify infections by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral bacterium implicated in gastritis, gastric ulcer, and peptic ulcer disease. It is based upon the ability of H. pylori to convert urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide. Urea breath tests are recommended in leading society guidelines as a preferred non-invasive choice for detecting H. pylori before and after treatment.^[1]^[2]

Principles and mechanism

Patients swallow urea labelled with an uncommon isotope, either radioactive carbon-14 or non-radioactive carbon-13. In the subsequent 10–30 minutes, the detection of isotope-labelled carbon dioxide in exhaled breath indicates that the urea was split; this indicates that urease (the enzyme that H. pylori uses to metabolize urea) is present in the stomach, and hence that H. pylori bacteria are present.

For the two different forms of urea, different instrumentation is required. Carbon-14 is normally measured by scintillation; whereas, carbon-13 can be detected by isotope ratio mass spectrometry or by mass correlation spectrometry. For each of these methods, a baseline breath sample is required before taking the isotope-labeled urea, for comparison with the post-urea sample, with a 20 to 30-minute duration between them. Samples may be sent to a reference laboratory for analysis. Alternatively, mass correlation spectrometry can be performed as an office-based test since breath samples are continuously collected, and results are provided immediately within minutes.^[3]^[4]

The difference between the pre and post urea measurements is used to determine infection. This value is compared to a cut-off value. Results below the value are assumed to be negative, those above positive. The cut-off value itself is determined by comparing the results of patients with two or more different detection methods. The value is chosen that gives the best combination of sensitivity and specificity.

The test measures active H. pylori infection. If antibiotics are depressing the amount of H. pylori present, or the stomach conditions are less acidic than normal, the amount of urease present will be lessened.

Accordingly the test should only be performed 14 days after stopping acid reducing medication (proton pump inhibitors, PPI) or 28 days after stopping antibiotic treatment. Some clinicians believe that a reservoir of H. pylori in dental plaque can affect the result.^[5]

References

^ Chey, William; Wong, BC; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology (2007). "American College of Gastroenterology Guideline on the Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection". Am J Gastroenterol 102 (8): 1808–1825. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01393.x. PMID 17608775.
^ Malfertheiner , P; Megraud, F; O'Morain, C; Bazzoli, F; El-Omar, E; Graham, D; Hunt, R; Rokkas, T et al. (2007). "Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: the Maastricht III Consensus Report". Gut 56 (6): 772–781. doi:10.1136/gut.2006.101634. PMC 1954853. PMID 17170018.
^ Shirin, H; Kenet, G; Shevah, O; Wardi, Y; Birkenfeld, S; Shahmurov, M; Bruck, R; Niv, Y et al. (2001). "Evaluation of a novel continuous real time 13C urea breath analyzer for Helicobacter pylori". Alimentary Pharmacol Ther 15 (3): 389–394. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00926.x. PMID 11207514.
^ Israeli, E; Ilan, Y; Meir, SB; Buenavida, C; Goldin, E (2003). "A novel 13C-urea breath test device for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: continuous online measurements allow for faster test results with high accuracy". J Clin Gastroenterol 37 (2): 139–41. doi:10.1097/00004836-200308000-00009. PMID 12869884.
^ Peng NJ, Lai KH, Liu RS, Lee SC, Tsay DG, Lo CC, Tseng HH, Huang WK, Lo GH, Hsu PI. (2001). "Clinical significance of oral urease in diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection by [13C]urea breath test". Dig Dis Sci 46 (8): 1772–8. doi:10.1023/A:1010626225949. PMID 11508681.

External links

¹³C-urea Breath Testing Procedure

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. ヘリコバクターピロリ感染に対する診断検査およびその適応 indications and diagnostic tests for helicobacter pylori infection
2. ヘリコバクターピロリ菌の治療レジメン treatment regimens for helicobacter pylori
3. 消化性潰瘍の診断 diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease
4. 消化性潰瘍の合併症の概要 overview of the complications of peptic ulcer disease
5. 消化不良成人患者へのアプローチ approach to the adult with dyspepsia

English Journal

Is Helicobacter pylori infection a critical risk factor for vascular dementia?

Xu Y1, Wang Q2, Liu Y3, Cui R3, Zhao Y1.
The International journal of neuroscience.Int J Neurosci.2016 Oct;126(10):899-903. doi: 10.3109/00207454.2015.1081387. Epub 2015 Aug 13.
PURPOSE: The association of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection and Alzheimer's disease has widely been addressed, but no relative data exist regarding vascular dementia (VD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Hp infection and VD.MATERIAL AND METHOD: From January 2014
PMID 26269142

Diagnostic of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Mégraud F1, Floch P1, Labenz J2, Lehours P1.
Helicobacter.Helicobacter.2016 Sep;21 Suppl 1:8-13. doi: 10.1111/hel.12333.
There is progress in endoscopy techniques. While it is not yet possible to detect Helicobacter pylori directly in the stomach, it becomes easier to detect the mucosal changes induced by the bacteria. Some small changes can also increase the sensitivity of the invasive tests, for example culture or h
PMID 27531532

Stool microbiome reveals diverse bacterial ureases as confounders of oral urea breath testing for Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Bamako, Mali.

Maiga M1, Cohen K, Baya B, Srikrishna G, Siddiqui S, Sanogo M, Somboro AM, Diarra B, Diallo MH, Mazumdar V, Yoder C, Orsega S, Belson M, Kassambara H, Goita D, Murphy RL, Dao S, Polis M, Diallo S, Timmins GS, Dodd L, Earl AM, Bishai WR.
Journal of breath research.J Breath Res.2016 Aug 17;10(3):036012. doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/3/036012.
Detection of bacterial urease activity has been utilized successfully to diagnose Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). While Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) also possesses an active urease, it is unknown whether detection of mycobacterial urease activity by oral urease breath test (UBT) can
PMID 27532494

Japanese Journal

Helicobacter pylori除菌治療後完全寛解に至った直腸MALTリンパ腫の1例

丁曄,吉永健太郎,丸山正隆,今井陽一,志関正幸,森直樹,増田昭博,寺村正尚,泉二登志子
東京女子医科大学雑誌 83(E2), E628-E632, 2013-03-31
直腸原発の粘膜関連濾胞辺縁帯(MALT)リンパ腫は稀であり、胃原発と異なりいまだ治療法も定まっていない。今回、我々はHelicobacter pylori (H.pylori)除菌治療のみによって完全寛解に至った症例を経験したので報告する。症例は62歳男性、下血、便秘にて受診し、下部内視鏡(CF)検査にて直腸Rbに浅いびらんを伴う粘膜下腫瘍を認めた。生検病理にて中型リンパ球の増殖が粘膜固有層に認め …
NAID 110009575077

Value of the 13C-Urea Breath Test for Detection of Gastric Helicobacter spp. Infection in Dogs Undergoing Endoscopic Examination

KUBOTA Sanae,OHNO Koichi,TSUKAMOTO Atsushi,MAEDA Shingo,MURATA Yosuke,NAKASHIMA Ko,FUKUSHIMA Kenjiro,UCHIDA Kazuyuki,FUJINO Yasuhito,TSUJIMOTO Hajime
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2013
… Urea breath test (UBT) using an infrared spectral analyzer is widely used for non-invasive and rapid detection of gastric Helicobacter spp. … by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, rapid urease test (RUT), histology and cytology. …
NAID 130003362169

Helicobacter pylori 感染症における 13C-尿素呼気試験結果及び除菌判定への薬学的管理の効果

舟越亮寛,横山晴子,河合典子 [他],小林健二,上野文昭,山田安彦
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 132(5), 601-607, 2012
… The urea breath test (UBT) is used widely for assessment of Helicobacter pylori (H. …
NAID 130001888676

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「尿素呼気検査」
関連記事	「testing」「breath」「test」「breath test」

「尿素呼気検査」

Urea breath test
	Intervention
ICD-9-CM	89.39

　　[★]

英: urea breath test, UBT
関: Helicobacter pylori

[show details]

尿素呼気検査 : 約 29,600 件
呼気尿素検査 : 19 件
尿素呼気試験 : 約 18,200 件
呼気尿素試験 : 17 件
尿素呼気テスト : 約 14,000 件
呼気尿素テスト : 3 件

非放射性同位体である13Cでラベルした尿素(NH2)COを服用させ、服用前後で呼出された13CO2を測定して、ピロリ菌の有無を判定する。
内視鏡的方法に比べて、胃の全体を評価するため、偽陰性が少ない。
感染診断と除菌治療効果判定にも有用。

「testing」

　　[★]

n.

試験

関: assessment、data quality、exam、examination、examine、experimental design、matched group、measurement、research design、scoring method、test、trial

「breath」

　　[★]

n.

息、一呼吸、呼吸

関: breathe、breathing、respiration、respiratory

「test」

　　[★] テスト　　　　　　　　　　

「breath test」

　　[★]

呼気試験、呼気検査

[1] Chey, William; Wong, BC; Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology (2007). "American College of Gastroenterology Guideline on the Management of Helicobacter pylori Infection". Am J Gastroenterol 102 (8): 1808–1825. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01393.x. PMID 17608775.

[2] Malfertheiner , P; Megraud, F; O'Morain, C; Bazzoli, F; El-Omar, E; Graham, D; Hunt, R; Rokkas, T et al. (2007). "Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection: the Maastricht III Consensus Report". Gut 56 (6): 772–781. doi:10.1136/gut.2006.101634. PMC 1954853. PMID 17170018.

[3] Shirin, H; Kenet, G; Shevah, O; Wardi, Y; Birkenfeld, S; Shahmurov, M; Bruck, R; Niv, Y et al. (2001). "Evaluation of a novel continuous real time 13C urea breath analyzer for Helicobacter pylori". Alimentary Pharmacol Ther 15 (3): 389–394. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00926.x. PMID 11207514.

[4] Israeli, E; Ilan, Y; Meir, SB; Buenavida, C; Goldin, E (2003). "A novel 13C-urea breath test device for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection: continuous online measurements allow for faster test results with high accuracy". J Clin Gastroenterol 37 (2): 139–41. doi:10.1097/00004836-200308000-00009. PMID 12869884.

[5] Peng NJ, Lai KH, Liu RS, Lee SC, Tsay DG, Lo CC, Tseng HH, Huang WK, Lo GH, Hsu PI. (2001). "Clinical significance of oral urease in diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection by [13C]urea breath test". Dig Dis Sci 46 (8): 1772–8. doi:10.1023/A:1010626225949. PMID 11508681.

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urea breath test