管状要素、(植物)通水要素

WordNet

a straight line that generates a cylinder or cone
one of four substances thought in ancient and medieval cosmology to constitute the physical universe; "the alchemists believed that there were four elements"
the situation in which you are happiest and most effective; "in your element"
the most favorable environment for a plant or animal; "water is the element of fishes"
membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi (同)windpipe
one of the tubules forming the respiratory system of most insects and many arachnids
violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements); "they felt the full fury of the elements"

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〈C〉(物質を構成する)元素 / 〈C〉《修飾語[句]を伴って》(…の)(基本的な)『要素』,『成分』;《しばしば複数形で》構成分子 / 〈C〉(生物に固有の)生息場所,環境;(人の)適所,本領 / 〈C〉《古》四大(しだい)[元素](自然界の基本的構成要素と考えられていた地(earth)・水(water)・風(air)・火(fire)の4大要素の一つ) / 《the elements》(雨・風・雪などの)自然力・風雨,(特に)悪天候 / 《the elements》(学問の)原理,初歩,概論
気管

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/26 15:39:35」(JST)

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Tracheids are elongated cells in the xylem of vascular plants that serve in the transport of water and mineral salts. Tracheids are one of two types of tracheary elements, vessel elements being the other. Tracheids, unlike vessel elements, do not have perforations.^[1]

All tracheary elements develop a thick lignified cell wall, and at maturity the protoplast has broken down and disappeared.^[2] The presence of tracheary elements is the defining characteristic of vascular plants to differentiate them from non-vascular plants. Tracheid build varies by location. The two major functions that tracheids may fulfill are contributing to the transport system and providing structural support. The secondary walls have thickenings in various forms—as annular rings; as continuous helices (called helical or spiral); as a network (called reticulate); as transverse nets (called scalariform); or, as extensive thickenings except in the region of pits (called pitted).^[3]

Tracheids occur in vascular bundles throughout the non-woody parts of the vascular plant and provide water and minerals collected by the roots to leaves and other parts of the plant (stem, flowers, fruits etc.).

Tracheids provide most of the structural support in softwoods, where they are the major cell type.

Because tracheids have a much higher surface to volume ratio compared to vessel elements, they serve to hold water against gravity (by adhesion) when transpiration is not occurring. This is likely one mechanism that helps plants prevent air embolisms.

References[edit]

^ Esau, K. (1977). Anatomy of seed plants. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
^ Peter A. Raven, Ray F. Evert, Susan E. Eichhorn (1999). Biology of Plants. W.H. Freeman and Company. pp. 576–577. ISBN 1-57259-611-2.
^ Plant anatomy Retrieved 2013-02-07.

External links[edit]

Pictures of softwood tracheids in cross section and in maceration; both in pine.

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土屋竜太,古川郁夫
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