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pertaining to the surface of a body part; "a drug for topical (or local) application"; "a topical anesthesia"
of interest at the present time; "a topical reference"; "a topical and timely study of civil liberty"
of or relating to or arranged by topics; "a detailed record on both a chronological and a topical basis"
some situation or event that is thought about; "he kept drifting off the topic"; "he had been thinking about the subject for several years"; "it is a matter for the police" (同)subject, issue, matter
a medicine used to treat allergies and hypersensitive reactions and colds; works by counteracting the effects of histamine on a receptor site

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時事問題の,今日的な,話題の / 地域の,地方の / 局部的な,局所の
(…の)『話題』;論題《+of+名》
抗ヒスタミン剤(各種のアレルギー症・風邪の治療に用いる)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/29 23:47:41」(JST)

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Antipruritics, also known as anti-itch drugs, are medications that inhibit the itching (Latin: pruritus) that is often associated with sunburns, allergic reactions, eczema, psoriasis, chickenpox, fungal infections, insect bites and stings like those from mosquitoes, fleas, and mites, and contact dermatitis and urticaria caused by plants such as poison ivy (urushiol-induced contact dermatitis) or stinging nettle.

Common antipruritics

Topical antipruritics in the form of creams and sprays are often available over-the-counter. Oral anti-itch drugs also exist and are usually prescription drugs. The active ingredients usually belong to the following classes:

Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone topical cream, see topical steroid
Local anesthetics such as benzocaine topical cream (Lanacane)
Counterirritants, such as mint oil, menthol, or camphor^[1]

Disputed and questionable antipruritics

Burow's solution (aluminium acetate) - an astringent made with aluminum acetate is shown to soothe and provide relief for itching.
Olive oil
Jewelweed, has been shown to be devoid of any anti-itch activity in several controlled studies ^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) comprise a class of medicines commonly used for depression, and are also said to be effective in controlling pruritus in a small number of refractory cases.^[6] Mirtazapine, a different type of antidepressant, also has antipruritic effects due to its strong antagonism of the H₁ receptor.
Calamine lotion, containing zinc oxide and iron(III) oxide, is a traditional remedy for mild itching, such as that typically associated with chicken pox – although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has asserted that it has little if any effect.^[7]^[8]
Paste of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and water, applied topically^[9]
Ammonium hydroxide (household ammonia), applied topically^[9] (However it can relieve some kinds of insect stings which itch, such as mosquito bites, by neutralizing an acid component of the sting.^{[citation needed]})
Papain based topical creams.

Home remedies

Cooling with ice or cold water (usually stops the itch for as long as the ice or cold water is applied)^{[citation needed]}
Slightly painful stimulation like rubbing, slapping, scratching, or heating based on a spinal antagonism between pain- and itch-processing neurons^{[citation needed]}
Pine tree gum applied to the affected areas for short periods of time can help in drawing out the oils and drying the skin.
Frequent washing of the affected areas in hot water with a drying soap removes oils that come to the surface as the blisters form and provides temporary relief from itching.
Lidocaine can help in reducing itching.
Applying emollients to the skin such as baby oil or petroleum jelly after showering

References

^ Hercogová J (2005). "Topical anti-itch therapy". Dermatologic therapy 18 (4): 341–3. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2005.00033.x. PMID 16297007.
^ D. Long, N. H. Ballentine, J. G. Marks. Treatment of poison ivy/oak allergic contact dermatitis with an extract of jewelweed. Am. J. Contact. Dermat. 8(3):150-3 1997 PMID 9249283
^ M. R. Gibson, F. T. Maher. Activity of jewelweed and its enzymes in the treatment of Rhus dermatitis. J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 39(5):294-6 1950 PMID 15421925
^ J. D. Guin, R. Reynolds. Jewelweed treatment of poison ivy dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 6(4):287-8 1980 PMID 6447037
^ Zink, B. J.; Otten, E.J.; Rosenthal, M.; Singal, B (1991). "The Effect Of Jewel Weed In Preventing Poison Ivy Dermatitis". Journal of Wilderness Medicine 2 (3): 178–182. doi:10.1580/0953-9859-2.3.178. Retrieved 2008-01-16.
^ Lee CS, Koo J (2005). "Psychopharmacologic therapies in dermatology: an update". Dermatologic clinics 23 (4): 735–44. doi:10.1016/j.det.2005.05.015. PMID 16112451.
^ "American Topics. An Outdated Notion, That Calamine Lotion". Archived from the original on 19 June 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
^ Appel, L.M. Ohmart and R.F. Sterner, Zinc oxide: A new, pink, refractive microform crystal. AMA Arch Dermatol 73 (1956), pp. 316–324. PMID 13301048
^ ^a ^b Paul Tawrell, Wilderness Camping and Hiking(Falcon Distribution, 2008), 212.

External links

Frontiers in pruritus research: scratching the brain for more effective itch therapy J. Clin. Invest. 116:1174–1185 (2006). DOI 10.1172/JCI28553

UpToDate Contents

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5. ツタウルシ（トキシコデンドロン属）による皮膚炎 poison ivy toxicodendron dermatitis

English Journal

Parental perception of efficacy of antihistamines for pruritus in pediatric atopic dermatitis.

Chawla V1, Hogan MB, Moonie S, Fenwick GL, Hooft A, Wilson NW.
Allergy and asthma proceedings : the official journal of regional and state allergy societies.Allergy Asthma Proc.2016 Mar;37(2):157-63. doi: 10.2500/aap.2016.37.3927.
BACKGROUND: Clinicians have previously prescribed antihistamines for relief of atopic dermatitis (AD) associated pruritus. The use of antihistamines in AD has recently received less emphasis from newly published practice parameters that currently only recommend short-term, intermittent use of first-
PMID 26932173

Efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) baths to reduce Staphylococcus aureus colonization in childhood onset moderate-to-severe eczema: A randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over trial.

Hon KL1, Tsang YC2, Lee VW2, Pong NH1, Ha G1, Lee ST1, Chow CM1, Leung TF1.
The Journal of dermatological treatment.J Dermatolog Treat.2016 Mar;27(2):156-62. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2015.1067669. Epub 2015 Aug 13.
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization/infection is an important factor in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD). Clinical trials have demonstrated conflicting efficacy of diluted bleach baths in treating moderate-to-severe AD. We conducted a double-blinded, placebo-contr
PMID 26270469

Efficacy of a Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a randomised controlled study.

Liu J1, Mo X1, Wu D2, Ou A3, Xue S1, Liu C1, Li H1, Wen Z3, Chen D4.
Complementary therapies in medicine.Complement Ther Med.2015 Oct;23(5):644-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2015.07.006. Epub 2015 Jul 26.
BACKGROUND: More randomised control trials are required to assess the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. This multi-centre, randomised, assessor-blind, controlled study assessed the efficacy of the Chinese herbal formula Pei Tu Qing Xin Tang (PTQXT) for treating patients with atopic dermatiti
PMID 26365443