トピック、(複数形で)ピックス、話題

WordNet

some situation or event that is thought about; "he kept drifting off the topic"; "he had been thinking about the subject for several years"; "it is a matter for the police" (同)subject, issue, matter
strike (the top part of a ball in golf, baseball, or pool) giving it a forward spin
the first half of an inning; while the visiting team is at bat; "a relief pitcher took over in the top of the fifth" (同)top of the inning
covering for a hole (especially a hole in the top of a container); "he removed the top of the carton"; "he couldnt get the top off of the bottle"; "put the cover back on the kettle" (同)cover
a conical childs plaything tapering to a steel point on which it can be made to spin; "he got a bright red top and string for his birthday" (同)whirligig, teetotum, spinning top
a garment (especially for women) that extends from the shoulders to the waist or hips; "he stared as she buttoned her top"
platform surrounding the head of a lower mast
the greatest possible intensity; "he screamed at the top of his lungs"
the highest or uppermost side of anything; "put your books on top of the desk"; "only the top side of the box was painted" (同)top side, upper side, upside
the upper part of anything; "the mower cuts off the tops of the grass"; "the title should be written at the top of the first page"
cut the top off; "top trees and bushes" (同)pinch
finish up or conclude; "They topped off their dinner with a cognac"; "top the evening with champagne" (同)top_off
provide with a top or finish the top (of a structure); "the towers were topped with conical roofs" (同)top_out
be at the top of or constitute the top or highest point; "A star tops the Christmas Tree"
reach or ascend the top of; "The hikers topped the mountain just before noon"
situated at the top or highest position; "the top shelf"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…の)『話題』;論題《+of+名》
〈C〉《the ~》(…の)『いちばん上の部分』,最先端,頂上 / 〈C〉《the ~》(…の)『最上面』,表面《+of+名》 / 《the ~》(…の)『最高位』,『首位』;上座《+of+名》 / 《the ~》(…の)『最高の程度』,頂点《+of+名》 / 〈C〉《the ~》(びんなどの)ふた,栓;(車の)屋根[カバー],ほろ《+of+名》 / 〈C〉《複数形で》(根菜の)葉の部分《+of+名》 / 〈C〉(上下の服の)上 / 《通例名詞の前にのみ用いて》 / 『最も高い』,いちばんの / 『最上位の』,第一位(一級)の / 最高程度の / …‘に'『おおい(ふた)を付ける』 / …の頂上にある,頂上をおおう / …‘の'頂上に達する,‘を'登りきる / …‘を'しのぐ,‘に'まさる / 〈野菜・果実など〉‘の'葉の部分を切る(刈り力む) / (ゴルフで)〈球〉‘の'上をたたく
こま

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/08 16:13:19」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. HIV抗レトロウイルス療法に関する臨床試験：初期の臨床試験（1987～1996年） clinical trials of hiv antiretroviral therapy early clinical trials 1987 to 1996
2. 基本的な心電図異常の鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of basic electrocardiographic abnormalities
3. 腎細胞癌の治療プロトコル treatment protocols for renal cell cancer
4. 大腸癌の治療プロトコル treatment protocols for colorectal cancer
5. 去勢抵抗性前立腺癌の治療プロトコル treatment protocols for castration resistant prostate cancer

English Journal

Concern-driven integrated approaches to nanomaterial testing and assessment - report of the NanoSafety Cluster Working Group 10.

Oomen AG, Bos PM, Fernandes TF, Hund-Rinke K, Boraschi D, Byrne HJ, Aschberger K, Gottardo S, von der Kammer F, Kühnel D, Hristozov D, Marcomini A, Migliore L, Scott-Fordsmand J, Wick P, Landsiedel R.Author information IVM, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , The Netherlands.AbstractAbstract Bringing together topic-related European Union (EU)-funded projects, the so-called "NanoSafety Cluster" aims at identifying key areas for further research on risk assessment procedures for nanomaterials (NM). The outcome of NanoSafety Cluster Working Group 10, this commentary presents a vision for concern-driven integrated approaches for the (eco-)toxicological testing and assessment (IATA) of NM. Such approaches should start out by determining concerns, i.e., specific information needs for a given NM based on realistic exposure scenarios. Recognised concerns can be addressed in a set of tiers using standardised protocols for NM preparation and testing. Tier 1 includes determining physico-chemical properties, non-testing (e.g., structure-activity relationships) and evaluating existing data. In tier 2, a limited set of in vitro and in vivo tests are performed that can either indicate that the risk of the specific concern is sufficiently known or indicate the need for further testing, including details for such testing. Ecotoxicological testing begins with representative test organisms followed by complex test systems. After each tier, it is evaluated whether the information gained permits assessing the safety of the NM so that further testing can be waived. By effectively exploiting all available information, IATA allow accelerating the risk assessment process and reducing testing costs and animal use (in line with the 3Rs principle implemented in EU Directive 2010/63/EU). Combining material properties, exposure, biokinetics and hazard data, information gained with IATA can be used to recognise groups of NM based upon similar modes of action. Grouping of substances in return should form integral part of the IATA themselves.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 May;8:334-48. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.802387. Epub 2013 May 28.
Abstract Bringing together topic-related European Union (EU)-funded projects, the so-called "NanoSafety Cluster" aims at identifying key areas for further research on risk assessment procedures for nanomaterials (NM). The outcome of NanoSafety Cluster Working Group 10, this commentary presents a vis
PMID 23641967

Technological characterization and probiotic traits of yeasts isolated from Altamura sourdough to select promising microorganisms as functional starter cultures for cereal-based products.

Perricone M, Bevilacqua A, Corbo MR, Sinigaglia M.Author information Department of the Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Italy.AbstractThe main topic of this research was to select some suitable functional starter cultures for cereal-based food or beverages. This aim was achieved through a step-by step approach focused on the technological characterization, as well as on the evaluation of the probiotic traits of yeasts; the technological characterization relied on the assessment of enzymatic activities (catalase, urease, β-glucosidase), growth under various conditions (pH, temperature, addition of salt, lactic and acetic acids) and leavening ability. The results of this step were used as input data for a Principal Component Analysis; thus, the most technologically relevant 18 isolates underwent a second selection for their probiotic traits (survival at pH 2.5 and with bile salts added, antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial activity towards foodborne pathogens, hydrophobic properties and biofilm production) and were identified through genotyping. Two isolates (Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 2 and S. cerevisiae strain 4) were selected and analyzed in the last step for the simulation of the gastric transit; these isolates showed a trend similar to S. cerevisiae var. boulardii ATCC MYA-796, a commercial probiotic yeast used as control.
Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2014 Apr;38:26-35. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2013.08.006. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
The main topic of this research was to select some suitable functional starter cultures for cereal-based food or beverages. This aim was achieved through a step-by step approach focused on the technological characterization, as well as on the evaluation of the probiotic traits of yeasts; the technol
PMID 24290622

Interaction of low-frequency axisymmetric ultrasonic guided waves with bends in pipes of arbitrary bend angle and general bend radius.

Verma B1, Mishra TK1, Balasubramaniam K1, Rajagopal P2.Author information 1Centre for Nondestructive Evaluation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.2Centre for Nondestructive Evaluation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India. Electronic address: prajagopal@iitm.ac.in.AbstractThe use of ultrasonic guided waves for the inspection of pipes with elbow and U-type bends has received much attention in recent years, but studies for more general bend angles which may also occur commonly, for example in cross-country pipes, are limited. Here, we address this topic considering a general bend angle φ, a more general mean bend radius R in terms of the wavelength of the mode studied and pipe thickness b. We use 3D Finite Element (FE) simulation to understand the propagation of fundamental axisymmetric L(0,2) mode across bends of different angles φ. The effect of the ratio of the mean bend radius to the wavelength of the mode studied, on the transmission and reflection of incident wave is also considered. The studies show that as the bend angle is reduced, a progressively larger extent of mode-conversion affects the transmission and velocity characteristics of the L(0,2) mode. However the overall message on the potential of guided waves for inspection and monitoring of bent pipes remains positive, as bends seem to impact mode transmission only to the extent of 20% even at low bend angles. The conclusions seem to be valid for different typical pipe thicknesses b and bend radii. The modeling approach is validated by experiments and discussed in light of physics of guided waves.
Ultrasonics.Ultrasonics.2014 Mar;54(3):801-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.10.007. Epub 2013 Oct 21.
The use of ultrasonic guided waves for the inspection of pipes with elbow and U-type bends has received much attention in recent years, but studies for more general bend angles which may also occur commonly, for example in cross-country pipes, are limited. Here, we address this topic considering a g
PMID 24210413

The effect of nanoparticle degradation on poly(methacrylic acid)-coated quantum dot toxicity: The importance of particle functionality assessment in toxicology.

Soenen SJ1, Montenegro JM2, Abdelmonem AM2, Manshian BB3, Doak SH3, Parak WJ4, De Smedt SC5, Braeckmans K1.Author information 1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Center of Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.2Department of Physics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.3DNA Damage Group, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.4Department of Physics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany; CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastián, Spain.5Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Stefaan.Desmedt@ugent.be.AbstractColloidal semiconductor nanoparticles (quantum dots) have attracted a lot of interest in technological and biomedical research, given their potent fluorescent properties. However, the use of heavy-metal-containing nanoparticles remains an issue of debate. The possible toxic effects of quantum dots remain a hot research topic and several questions such as possible intracellular degradation of quantum dots and the effect thereof on both cell viability and particle functionality remain unresolved. In the present work, poly(methacrylic acid)-coated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots were synthesized and characterized, after which their effects on cultured cells were evaluated using a multiparametric setup. The data reveal that the quantum dots are taken up through endocytosis and when exposed to the low pH of the endosomal structures, they partially degrade and release cadmium ions, which lowers their fluorescence intensity and augments particle toxicity. Using the multiparametric method, the quantum dots were evaluated at non-toxic doses in terms of their ability to visualize labeled cells for longer time periods. The data revealed that comparing different particles in terms of their applied dose is challenging, likely due to difficulties in obtaining accurate nanoparticle concentrations, but evaluating particle toxicity in terms of their biological functionality enables an easy and straightforward comparison.
Acta biomaterialia.Acta Biomater.2014 Feb;10(2):732-41. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.09.041. Epub 2013 Oct 10.
Colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles (quantum dots) have attracted a lot of interest in technological and biomedical research, given their potent fluorescent properties. However, the use of heavy-metal-containing nanoparticles remains an issue of debate. The possible toxic effects of quantum dots r
PMID 24121195

Japanese Journal

Biterm Topic Modelの確率的崩壊型変分ベイズ推論

システム制御情報学会研究発表講演会講演論文集 60, 5p, 2016-05-25
NAID 40020836609

従業員のつぶやきを利用した労働実態把握 : トピックと労働意欲,残業時間の関連性の分析 (ライフインテリジェンスとオフィス情報システム)

電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 116(23), 7-12, 2016-05-12
NAID 40020848936

Topic Model Based New Event Detection Within Topics

Journal of advanced computational intelligence and intelligent informatics 20(3), 467-476, 2016-05
NAID 40020824845

What's書誌調整ふたたび(第5回)テーマで探すために

国立国会図書館月報 (660), 25-28, 2016-04
NAID 40020771594

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「話題」「トピック」「トピックス」
拡張検索	「supraventricular ectopic」「ectopic PTH-producing tumor」
関連記事	「top」