thyroid tumor

甲状腺腫瘍

WordNet

1. suggestive of a thyroid disorder; "thyroid personality"
2. of or relating to the thyroid gland; "thyroid deficiency"; "thyroidal uptake" (同)thyroidal
3. an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose (同)tumour, neoplasm

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1. 甲状腺 / 甲状腺の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/28 16:35:25」(JST)

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Thyroid neoplasm is a neoplasm or tumor of the thyroid. It can be a benign tumor such as thyroid adenoma, or it can be a malignant neoplasm (thyroid cancer), such as papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer. Most patients are 25 to 65 years of age when first diagnosed; women are more affected than men. The estimated number of new cases of thyroid cancer in the United States in 2010 is 44670 compared to only 1690 deaths. Of all thyroid nodules discovered, only about 5 percent are cancerous, and under 3 percent of those result in fatalities.

Diagnosis

Further information: Thyroid nodule

The first step in diagnosing a thyroid neoplasm is a physical exam of the neck area. If any abnormalities exist, a doctor needs to be consulted. A family doctor may conduct blood tests, an ultrasound, and nuclear scan as steps to a diagnosis. The results from these tests are then read by an endocrinologist who will determine what problems the thyroid has. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are two conditions that often arise from an abnormally functioning thyroid gland. These occur when the thyroid is producing too much or too little thyroid hormone respectively.

Thyroid nodules are a major presentation of thyroid neoplasms, and are diagnosed by ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (USG/FNA) or frequently by thyroidectomy (surgical removal and subsequent histological examination). FNA is the most cost-effective and accurate method of obtaining a biopsy sample. As thyroid cancer can take up iodine, radioactive iodine is commonly used to treat thyroid carcinomas, followed by TSH suppression by high-dose thyroxine therapy.

Nodules are of particular concern when they are found in those under the age of 20. The presentation of benign nodules at this age is less likely, and thus the potential for malignancy is far greater.

Classification

Thyroid neoplasm might be classified as benign or malignant.

Benign neoplasms

Thyroid adenoma is a benign neoplasm of the thyroid. Thyroid nodules are very common and around 80 percent of adults will have at least one by the time they reach 70 years of age. Approximately 90 to 95 percent of all nodules are found to be benign.

Malignant neoplasms

Main article: Thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancers are mainly papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic thyroid cancer. Most patients are 25 to 65 years of age when first diagnosed; women are more affected than men. Nearly 80 percent of thyroid cancer is papillary and about 15 percent is follicular; both types grow slowly and can be cured if caught early. Medullary thyroid cancer makes up about 3 percent of this cancer. It grows slowly and can be controlled if caught early. Anaplastic is the most deadly and makes up around 2 percent. This type grows quickly and is hard to control. The classification is determined by looking at the sample of cells under a microscope and by which type of thyroid cell is present. Other thyroid malignancies include thyroid lymphoma, various types of thyroid sarcoma, smooth muscle tumors, teratoma, squamous cell thyroid carcinoma and other rare types of tumors.

Treatment

Treatment of a thyroid nodule depends on many things including size of the nodule, age of the patient, the type of thyroid cancer, and whether or not it has spread to other tissues in the body. If the nodule is benign, patients may receive thyroxine therapy to suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone and should be reevaluated in 6 months. However, if the benign nodule is inhibiting the patient's normal functions of life; such as breathing, speaking, or swallowing, the thyroid may need to be removed.

Sometimes only part of the thyroid is removed in an attempt to avoid causing hypothyroidism. There's still a risk of hypothyroidism though, as the remaining thyroid tissue may not be able to produce enough hormones in the long-run.

If the nodule is malignant or has indeterminate cytologic features, it may require surgery. A thyroidectomy is a medium risk surgery that can result complications if not performed correctly. Problems with the voice, nerve or muscular damage, or bleeding from a lacerated blood vessel are rare but serious complications that may occur. After removing the thyroid, the patient must be supplied with a replacement hormone for the rest of their life. This is commonly a daily oral medication prescribed by their endocrinologist.

Radioactive iodine-131 is used in patients with papillary or follicular thyroid cancer for ablation of residual thyroid tissue after surgery and for the treatment of thyroid cancer. Patients with medullary, anaplastic, and most Hurthle cell cancers do not benefit from this therapy. External irradiation may be used when the cancer is unresectable, when it recurs after resection, or to relieve pain from bone metastasis.

See also

• Radioactive contamination (one of the possible causes of thyroid cancer)

References

External links

• Thyroid Cancer Clinical Trials Page of the American Thyroid Association
• Nuclear Medicine Information =– Thyroid Diseases
• Thyroid Cancer- National Cancer Institute
• Diagnostic patient information

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 甲状腺結節の診断的アプローチおよび治療 diagnostic approach to and treatment of thyroid nodules
• 2. 分化型甲状腺癌：マネージメントの概要 differentiated thyroid cancer overview of management
• 3. 甲状腺結節および非髄様甲状腺癌におけるオンコジーンおよび腫瘍抑制遺伝子 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in thyroid nodules and nonmedullary thyroid cancer
• 4. 小児における甲状腺結節および癌 thyroid nodules and cancer in children
• 5. 甲状腺ホルモンに対する感受性の傷害 impaired sensitivity to thyroid hormone

English Journal

• Experimental hypothyroidism increases apoptosis in dimethylbenzanthracene-induced mammary tumors.

• López-Fontana CM, Sasso CV, Maselli ME, Santiano FE, Semino SN, Cuello Carrión FD, Jahn GA, Carón RW.SourceInstitute of Medicine and Experimental Biology of Cuyo, CONICET, CCT-Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina.
• Oncology reports.Oncol Rep.2013 Oct;30(4):1651-60. doi: 10.3892/or.2013.2648. Epub 2013 Aug 1.
• Epidemiological and in vitro data have not provided conclusive evidence concerning the involvement of thyroid hormones (THs) on mammary carcinogenesis. We used an in vivo model to assess the relationship between THs, adipose tissue and breast cancer development. Female Sprague‑Dawley rats were t
• PMID 23912381

• Relationship between leptin receptor and polycystic ovary syndrome.

• Li L, Lee KJ, Choi BC, Baek KH.SourceDepartment of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Bundang CHA Hospital, 502 Yatap-Dong, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 463-840, Republic of Korea.
• Gene.Gene.2013 Sep 15;527(1):71-4. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.05.074. Epub 2013 Jun 13.
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders, which is involved in the multi-system disease, and its etiology is still not clearly understood. It is currently considered that not only the genetic factors but also the environment factors play a crucial role in the pa
• PMID 23769971

• Does hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid have a poorer prognosis than ordinary follicular thyroid carcinoma?

• Sugino K, Kameyama K, Ito K, Nagahama M, Kitagawa W, Shibuya H, Ohkuwa K, Uruno T, Akaishi J, Suzuki A, Masaki C, Ito K.SourceDepartment of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, k-sugino@ito-hospital.jp.
• Annals of surgical oncology.Ann Surg Oncol.2013 Sep;20(9):2944-50. doi: 10.1245/s10434-013-2965-y. Epub 2013 Apr 26.
• BACKGROUND: Hürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is a rare form of thyroid carcinoma and is considered an oxyphilic variant of follicular thyroid carcinoma. However, little is known about its biological characteristics or clinical behavior. We conducted a retrospective study to determine whether the progno
• PMID 23616135

Japanese Journal

• 郭清頸部リンパ節の病理診断にて3種の悪性疾患を認めた1例

• 原田 博之,篠原 尚吾,藤原 敬三 [他],菊地 正弘,金沢 佑治,十名 理紗,岸本 逸平,内藤 泰
• 耳鼻咽喉科臨床 107(1), 53-58, 2014
• … The dissection of the central compartment (level VI) with subtotal thyroidectomy was simultaneously undertaken due to the subglottic extension of the primary tumor. … Histopathological examination revealed metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma in the right lymph nodes, level III to V, in the left at level II, III and VI as well as metastases of squamous cell carcinomas in the right and left at level III and level II, respectively. …
• NAID 130003386114

• Postnatal Expression of BRAFV600E Does Not Induce Thyroid Cancer in Mouse Models of Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma

• Shimamura Mika,Nakahara Mami,Orim Florence,Kurashige Tomomi,Mitsutake Norisato,Nakashima Masahiro,Kondo Shinji,Yamada Masanobu,Taguchi Ryo,Kimura Shioko,Nagayama Yuji
• Endocrinology 154(11), 4423-4430, 2013-11-01
• … The mutant BRAF (BRAFV600E) is the most common genetic alteration in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). … However, in these mice, BRAFV600E is expressed in all the thyroid cells from the fetal periods, and suppresses thyroid function, thereby leading to TSH elevation, which by itself promotes thyroid tumorigenesis. …
• NAID 120005398105

• 甲状腺髄様癌の肝転移巣からの異所性副腎皮質刺激ホルモン(ACTH)産生か疑われた多発性内分泌腺腫症2B型(MEN2B)の1例

• 黒住 旭,岡田 洋右,新生 忠司,中本 裕士,富樫 かおり,田中 良哉
• 産業医科大学雑誌 35(3), 193-199, 2013-09-01
• 症例は31歳女性で,10歳時に多発性内分泌腺腫2B型(MEN 2B)と診断された.徐々に皮膚の黒色色素沈着が広がり,副腎皮質刺激ホルモン(ACTH)高値を認め,異所性ACTH症候群の合併が疑われた.副腎皮質刺激ホルモン放出ホルモン(CRH)負荷試験ではクッシング病は否定的で,異所性ACTH症候群に矛盾しない結果であった.腹部CTで肝の多発する低吸収域を認め,ACTH産生部位として甲状腺髄様癌の肝転 …
• NAID 110009657657

Related Links

• Thyroid Tumor Overview | Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library

Detailed information on thyroid tumors, including symptoms and treatment ... What are thyroid tumors? The thyroid gland is located in the front of the neck at the base of the throat. Thyroid tumors are either benign (noncancerous) or ...

• Thyroid Problems - Thyroid Tumors

Thyroid tumors may be either benign or malignant (thyroid cancer). If cancer is present, it can take iodine from the patient. Prognosis depends upon the individual case, including whether the tumor is benign or malignant, the patient's ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「甲状腺腫瘍」
関連記事	「thyroid」「tumor」

「甲状腺腫瘍」

　　[★]

英

thyroid tumor, thyroid neoplasm

関

甲状腺

関

甲状腺癌、甲状腺新生物、甲状腺腺腫

• 1. 良性腫瘍

• a) 濾胞腺腫 follicular adenoma

• 2. 悪性腫瘍 悪性腫瘍中の頻度）

• a) 乳頭癌 papillary carcinoma　88%
• b) 濾胞癌 follicular carcinoma 4.2%
• c) 低分化癌 poorly differentiated carcinoma
• d) 未分化癌 undifferentiated carcinoma 1.5%
• e) 髄様癌(C細胞癌) medullary carcinoma, C-cell carcinoma 1.4%
• f) 悪性リンパ腫 malignant lymphoma 3.5%

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2. 悪性腫瘍 悪性腫瘍中の頻度）

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b) 濾胞癌 follicular carcinoma 4.2%

BPT.768-769

• 被膜浸潤

• リンパ管浸潤

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「thyroid」

　　[★]

• n.

• 甲状腺

関

thyroid gland、thyroidal

　 　 　

「tumor」

　　[★]

• n.

• 腫瘍、腫瘤、腫脹