n.

薬物療法学、治療学

関: pharmacotherapeutic、pharmacotherapeutics、therapeutic、treatment

WordNet

branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of disease
the management of someone or something; "the handling of prisoners"; "the treatment of water sewage"; "the right to equal treatment in the criminal justice system" (同)handling
care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury) (同)intervention
a manner of dealing with something artistically; "his treatment of space borrows from Italian architecture"
relating to or involved in therapy; "therapeutic approach to criminality" (同)therapeutical

PrepTutorEJDIC

治療学
〈U〉(人・物の)『取り扱い』,扱い方《+of+名》 / 〈U〉治療;〈C〉(…に対する)治療法《+for+名》
治療[上]の

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/29 10:16:42」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Therapy (often abbreviated tx or Tx) is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a diagnosis. In the medical field, it is synonymous with treatment (also abbreviated tx). Among psychologists and other mental health professionals including psychiatrists, psychiatric nurse practitioners, and clinical social workers, the term may refer specifically to psychotherapy or talking therapies. The English word therapy comes via Latin therapīa from Greek: θεραπεία and literally means "curing" or "healing".^[1]

As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications.

Types of therapies

By therapy composition

Treatments can be classified according to the method of treatment:

by matter

by drug: pharmacotherapy, chemotherapy, mesotherapy
by medical device
by gene: gene therapy
by gold: chrysotherapy (aurotherapy)
by hormone: hormone therapy
by organism: biotherapy
- by virus: virotherapy
- by bacteriophage: phage therapy
- by maggot: maggot therapy
by ozone: ozonotherapy
by salt: speleotherapy
by serum: serotherapy
by smell: aromatherapy
by water: hydrotherapy
by plants: phytotherapy

by energy

by electric energy
- by electricity: electrotherapy
- by electromagnetic radiation: electromagnetic therapy
- by magnetic energy: magnet therapy
by light: phototherapy
by mechanical: manual therapy as massotherapy & therapy by exercise as in physiotherapy
- by sound: Cymatic therapy, music therapy
by radiation: radiotherapy
by temperature
- by heat: thermotherapy
- by cold: cryotherapy

by human interaction

by counseling, such as psychotherapy
by education
- by psychoeducation
- by information therapy
by physical therapy/occupational therapy, massage therapy, or acupuncture
by lifestyle modifications, such as avoiding unhealthy food or maintaining a predictable sleep schedule
by coaching

by animal interaction

by fish: ichthyotherapy
by horse: equine therapy, hippotherapy

by meditation: meditative therapies e.g. mystic rose, no-mind, mindfulnes

by reading

by bibliotherapy

By chronology or priority (lines of therapy)

Treatment decisions often follow formal or informal algorithmic guidelines. Treatment options can often be ranked or prioritized into lines of therapy: first-line therapy, second-line therapy, third-line therapy, and so on. First-line therapy (sometimes called induction therapy, primary therapy, or front-line therapy)^[2] is the first therapy that will be tried. Its priority over other options is usually either (1) formally recommended on the basis of clinical trial evidence for its best-available combination of efficacy, safety, and tolerability or (2) chosen based on the clinical experience of the physician. If a first-line therapy either fails to resolve the issue or produces intolerable side effects, additional (second-line) therapies may be substituted or added to the treatment regimen, followed by third-line therapies, and so on.

An example of a context in which the formalization of treatment algorithms and the ranking of lines of therapy is very extensive is chemotherapy regimens. Because of the great difficulty in successfully treating some forms of cancer, one line after another may be tried. In oncology the count of therapy lines may reach 10 or even 20.

Often multiple therapies may be tried simultaneously (combination therapy or polytherapy). Thus combination chemotherapy is also called polychemotherapy, whereas chemotherapy with one agent at a time is called single-agent therapy or monotherapy.

By treatment intent

A preventive therapy or prophylactic therapy is a treatment that is intended to prevent a medical condition from occurring. For example, many vaccines prevent infectious diseases.
An abortive therapy is a treatment that is intended to stop a medical condition from progressing any further. A medication taken at the earliest signs of a disease, such as at the very symptoms of a migraine headache, is an abortive therapy.
A consolidation therapy is one given to consolidate the gains from induction therapy. In cancer, this means chasing after any malignant cells that may be left.
A maintenance therapy is one taken during disease remission to prevent relapse.
A supportive therapy (such as supportive psychotherapy) is one that does not treat or improve the underlying condition, but instead increases the patient's comfort.^[3] Supportive therapy may be palliative therapy (palliative care). Therapy may be categorized as having curative intent (when it is possible to eliminate the disease) or palliative intent (when eliminating the disease is impossible and the focus shifts to minimizing the distress that it causes).
A salvage therapy is a therapy tried after others have failed; it may be a "last-line" therapy.
An investigational therapy is an experimental one. Use of experimental therapies must be ethically justified, because by definition they raise the question of standard of care. Physicians have autonomy to provide empirical care (such as off-label care) according to their experience and clinical judgment, but the autonomy has limits that preclude quackery. Thus it may be necessary to design a clinical trial around the new therapy and to use the therapy only per a formal protocol. Sometimes shorthand phrases such as "treated on protocol" imply not just "treated according to a plan" but specifically "treated with investigational therapy".

References

^ Online Etymology Dictionary, Therapy
^ National Cancer Institute > Dictionary of Cancer Terms > first-line therapy Retrieved July 2010
^ "CFIDS". CFIDS. Retrieved 2012-01-09.

External links

Look up therapy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

"Chapter Nine of the Book of Medicine Dedicated to Mansur, with the Commentary of Sillanus de Nigris" is a Latin book by Rhazes, from 1483, that is known for its 9th chapter, which is about therapeutics

UpToDate Contents

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1. 臨床腫瘍学における遺伝子発現プロファイリング、プロテオミクス、およびマイクロRNAプロファイリングの概要 overview of gene expression profiling proteomics and microrna profiling in clinical oncology
2. クローン病の内科的マネージメントにおける試験研究治療 investigational therapies in the medical management of crohn disease
3. HIV感染患者における計画的治療中断療法 structured treatment interruptions in the hiv infected patient
4. 緩和ケアにおける性の問題 sexuality in palliative care
5. 胃食道逆流症に対する内視鏡治療：縫縮術 endoscopic therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease sewing and full thickness plication techniques

English Journal

Antibody reactivity to the major fish allergen parvalbumin is determined by isoforms and impact of thermal processing.

Saptarshi SR, Sharp MF, Kamath SD, Lopata AL.SourceSchool of Pharmacy and Molecular Science, Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address: shruti.saptarshi@jcu.edu.au.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Apr 1;148:321-8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.035. Epub 2013 Oct 18.
The EF-hand calcium binding protein, parvalbumin, is a major fish allergen. Detection of this allergen is often difficult due to its structural diversity among various fish species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-reactivity of parvalbumin in a comprehensive range of bony and cartila
PMID 24262564

Comparative label-free monitoring of immunotoxin efficacy in 2D and 3D mamma carcinoma in vitro models by impedance spectroscopy.

Poenick S, Jahnke HG, Eichler M, Frost S, Lilie H, Robitzki AA.SourceCenter for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Universität Leipzig, Division of Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 Mar 15;53:370-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.09.048. Epub 2013 Sep 29.
For selective killing of tumor cells, there are many novel and promising therapeutic approaches like immunotoxins. However, on the long way to clinical application, especially in vitro approved biologicals often fail due to loss of target sensitivity and efficacy in vivo. This is mostly explained wi
PMID 24184957

Detection of electrophile-sensitive proteins.

Wall SB, Smith MR, Ricart K, Zhou F, Vayalil PK, Oh JY, Landar A.SourceDepartment of Pathology, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 Feb;1840(2):913-22. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.09.003. Epub 2013 Sep 8.
BACKGROUND: Redox signaling is an important emerging mechanism of cellular function. Dysfunctional redox signaling is increasingly implicated in numerous pathologies, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. The molecular messengers in this type of signaling are reactive species which can me
PMID 24021887

Immuno-spin trapping from biochemistry to medicine: Advances, challenges, and pitfalls. Focus on protein-centered radicals.

Gomez-Mejiba SE, Zhai Z, Della-Vedova MC, Muñoz MD, Chatterjee S, Towner RA, Hensley K, Floyd RA, Mason RP, Ramirez DC.SourceLaboratory of Experimental Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute Multidisciplinary of Biological Investigations-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), National Bureau of Science and Technology (CONICET) and National University of San Luis, San Luis, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 Feb;1840(2):722-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.04.039. Epub 2013 May 2.
BACKGROUND: Immuno-spin trapping (IST) is based on the reaction of a spin trap with a free radical to form a stable nitrone adduct, followed by the use of antibodies, rather than traditional electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, to detect the nitrone adduct. IST has been successfully applied
PMID 23644035

Japanese Journal

関節リウマチの薬物療法 : ステロイドとNSAIDsの役割は終わったか (特集関節リウマチのトータルマネジメント)

川合眞一
日本医師会雑誌 142(10), 2216-2220, 2014-01
NAID 40019931740

Therapeutic Potential of Vasopressin-Receptor Antagonists in Heart Failure

Izumi Yasukatsu,Miura Katsuyuki,Iwao Hiroshi
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2014
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a 9-amino acid peptide that is secreted from the posterior pituitary in response to high plasma osmolality and hypotension. AVP has important roles in circulatory and wat …
NAID 130003382634

The Conventional Antihistamine Drug Cyproheptadine Lacks QT-interval–Prolonging Action in Halothane-Anesthetized Guinea Pigs: Comparison With Hydroxyzine

Kobayashi Kazuko,Omuro Naoki,Takahara Akira
Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2014
Antihistamines are known to belong to the chemical class that may induce long QT syndrome. Among them, cyproheptadine has been shown to exert multifaceted actions on the ventricular repolarization pha …
NAID 130003382628

ガスクロマトグラフィー—μ electron capture detection（μECD）を用いたトリアゾラム及びミダゾラムの血漿中濃度測定法と薬物動態試験への応用

堤喜美子,岩男美幸,小手川勤,今井浩光,大橋京一,中野重行
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 134(1), 119-125, 2014
A method for the simple and reliable determination of triazolam and midazolam in human plasma using gas chromatography with microelectron capture detection has been developed. Samples (0.5 mL of pla …
NAID 130003382296

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リンク元	「treatment」「薬物療法学」「治療学」「pharmacotherapeutic」
拡張検索	「pharmacotherapeutics」
関連記事	「therapeutic」