WordNet

the act of treating with medicines or remedies
the use of chemical agents to treat or control disease (or mental illness)

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〈C〉〈U〉薬剤,医薬品 / 〈U〉薬剤を添加(投入)すること;薬物治療
化学療法

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/02 15:04:55」(JST)

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This article is about the type of treatment. For the Pharmacotherapy journal, see Pharmacotherapy (journal).

Pharmacotherapy is the treatment of disease through the administration of drugs.^[1] As such, it is considered part of the larger category of therapy.

Pharmacists are experts in pharmacotherapy and are responsible for ensuring the safe, appropriate, and economical use of medicines. The skills required to function as a pharmacist require knowledge, training and experience in biomedical, pharmaceutical and clinical sciences. ^[2]As pharmacotherapy specialists, pharmacists have responsibility for direct patient care, often functioning as a member of a multidisciplinary team, and acting as the primary source of drug-related information for other healthcare professionals. A pharmacotherapy specialist is an individual who is specialized in administering and prescribing medication and require extensive academic knowledge in pharmacotherapy. ^[3]

In the US, a pharmacist can gain Board Certification in the area of pharmacotherapy upon fulfilling eligibility requirements and passing a certification examination.^[4]

While pharmacists provide valuable information about medications for patients and healthcare professionals, they are not typically considered covered pharmacotherapy providers by insurance companies.

References

^ Pharmacotherapy Definition
^ The ACCP Clinical Practice Affairs Committee Subcommittee B, 1998–1999 (2000), Practice Guidelines for Pharmacotherapy Specialists. Pharmacotherapy, 20: 487–490. doi: 10.1592/phco.20.5.487.35054
^ The ACCP Clinical Practice Affairs Committee, Subcommittee B,1998-1999. Practice Guidelines for Pharmacotherapy Specialists. Pharmacotherapy, 20: 487-490. dio: 10.1592/phco.20.5.487.35054
^ Board of Pharmaceutical Specialties

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1. 成人における肥満：薬物療法 obesity in adults drug therapy
2. 成人における禁煙のための薬物療法 pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation in adults
3. 成人における心的外傷後ストレス障害の薬物療法 pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in adults
4. Pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder in adults
5. 悪心および嘔吐を伴う成人に対するアプローチ approach to the adult with nausea and vomiting

English Journal

Optical image-guided cancer therapy.

Bu L, Ma X, Tu Y, Shen B, Cheng Z.Author information Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), 1201 Welch Road, Lucas Expansion, P095, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5484, USA. zcheng@stanford.edu.AbstractOptical molecular imaging holds great promise for image guiding cancer therapy. The non-invasive guidance of therapeutic strategies would enable the removal of cancerous tissue while avoiding side effects and systemic toxicity, preventing damage of healthy tissues and decreasing the risk of postoperative problems. This review article highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the optical imaging techniques that are currently available, including their recent applications in image-guided cancer therapy. Three approaches for optical image-guided cancer therapy were discussed in this review, namely, bioluminescence imaging (BLI), fluorescence imaging (FI) and Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI). BLI is always used in small animal imaging for the in vivo tracking of therapeutic gene expression and cell-based therapy. To the contrary, FI display high promising for clinical translation. The applications of FI include image-guided surgery, radiotherapy, gene therapy, drug delivery and sentinel lymph node fluorescence mapping. CLI is a novel radioactive optical hybrid imaging strategy and its use for animal and clinical translation was also discussed. Perspectives on the translation of optical image-guided cancer therapy into clinical practice were provided.
Current pharmaceutical biotechnology.Curr Pharm Biotechnol.2014 Oct;14(8):723-32.
Optical molecular imaging holds great promise for image guiding cancer therapy. The non-invasive guidance of therapeutic strategies would enable the removal of cancerous tissue while avoiding side effects and systemic toxicity, preventing damage of healthy tissues and decreasing the risk of postoper
PMID 24372233

Tumor-colonizing bacteria: a potential tumor targeting therapy.

Zu C, Wang J.Author information Department of Oncosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , China.AbstractIn 1813, Vautier published his observation of tumor regression in patients who had suffered from gas gangrene. Since then, many publications have described the use of bacteria as antitumor therapy. For example, Bifidobacterium and Clostridium have been shown to selectively colonize tumors and to reduce tumor size. In addition, recent studies have focused on the use of genetic engineering to induce the expression of pro-drug converting enzymes, cytokines, specific antibodies, or suicide genes in tumor-colonizing bacteria. Moreover, some animal experiments have reported the treatment of tumors with engineered bacteria, and few side effects were observed. Therefore, based on these advances in tumor targeting therapy, bacteria may represent the next generation of cancer therapy.
Critical reviews in microbiology.Crit Rev Microbiol.2014 Aug;40(3):225-35. doi: 10.3109/1040841X.2013.776511. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
In 1813, Vautier published his observation of tumor regression in patients who had suffered from gas gangrene. Since then, many publications have described the use of bacteria as antitumor therapy. For example, Bifidobacterium and Clostridium have been shown to selectively colonize tumors and to red
PMID 23964706

Naltrexone-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] polymeric microspheres for the treatment of alcohol dependence: in vitro characterization and in vivo biocompatibility assessment.

Pagar KP, Vavia PR.Author information Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, University under Section 3 of UGC Act- 1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence - Govt. of Maharashtra , TEQIP Phase II Funded, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra , India.AbstractThe poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] copolymer was applied in the present investigation as polymeric carrier to fabricate naltrexone (NTX)-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres in the single emulsion solvent evaporation technique for the long-term treatment of alcohol dependence. Newly synthesized poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] copolymer exhibited diminished crystallanity, good biocompatibility and favorable biodegradability to be explored for drug delivery application. Scanning Electron Microscopy study revealed smooth and spherical-shaped NTX-loaded polymeric microspheres with a mean size of 10-90 µm. Influence of various decisive formulation variables such as amount of polymer, stabilizer concentration, homogenization speed, homogenization time, drug loading and organic-to-aqueous phase ratio on particle size, and entrapment efficiency was studied. Differential scanning calorimeter and X-ray diffractometry study confirmed the drug entrapment within polymer matrix into the microsphere environment. In vitro drug release showed the sustained drug release of formulation for the period of 28 d giving biphasic release pattern. Histological examination of NTX-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres injected intramuscularly into the thigh muscle of Wistar rats showed minimal inflammatory reaction, demonstrating that NTX-loaded microspheres were biocompatible. Insignificant increase in the serum creatine phosphokinase level (p < 0.05) as compared with the normal value revealed good muscle compatibility of the poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microsphere system. Biocompatible nature and sustained drug-release action of poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres may have potential application in depot therapy.
Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Jun;19(4):385-94. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.784334. Epub 2013 Apr 16.
The poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] copolymer was applied in the present investigation as polymeric carrier to fabricate naltrexone (NTX)-loaded poly[La-(Glc-Leu)] microspheres in the single emulsion solvent evaporation technique for the long-term treatment of alcohol dependence. Newly synthesized poly[La-(Glc-L
PMID 23590187