WordNet

of this earth or world; "temporal joys"; "our temporal existence"
not eternal; "temporal matters of but fleeting moment"- F.D.Roosevelt
of or relating to or limited by time; "temporal processing"; "temporal dimensions"; "temporal and spacial boundaries"; "music is a temporal art"
of or relating to the temples (the sides of the skull behind the orbit); "temporal bone"

PrepTutorEJDIC

時の,時間の / この世の,現世の;俗界の / 一時的な,はかない
こめかみの

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/28 05:41:53」(JST)

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The temporal muscle, also known as the temporalis, is one of the muscles of mastication. It is a broad, fan-shaped muscle on each side of the head that fills the temporal fossa, superior to the zygomatic arch so it covers much of the temporal bone.^[1]

Structure

In humans, it arises from the temporal fossa and the deep part of temporal fascia. It passes medial to the zygomatic arch and inserts onto the coronoid process of the mandible, with its insertion extending into the retromolar fossa posterior to the most distal mandibular molar.^[2] In other mammals, the muscle usually spans the dorsal part of the skull all the way up to the medial line. There, it may be attached to a sagittal crest, as can be seen in early hominins like Paranthropus aethiopicus.

The temporal muscle is covered by the temporal fascia, also known as the temporal aponeurosis.

The muscle is accessible on the temples, and can be seen and felt contracting while the jaw is clenching and unclenching.

Development

The temporalis is derived from the first pharyngeal arch in development.

Innervation

As with the other muscles of mastication, control of the temporal muscle comes from the third (mandibular) branch of the trigeminal nerve. Specifically, the muscle is innervated by the deep temporal nerves.

Blood supply

The muscle receives its blood supply from the deep temporal arteries which anastomose with the middle temporal artery.

Function

If the entire muscle contracts,the main action is to elevate the mandible, raising the lower jaw. Elevation of the mandible occurs during the closing of the jaws. If only the posterior part contracts, the muscle moves the lower jaw backward. Moving the lower jaw backward causes retraction of the mandible. Retraction of the jaw often accompanies the closing of the jaws.^[1]

When lower dentures are fitted, they should not extend into the retromolar fossa to prevent trauma of the mucosa due to the contraction of the temporalis muscle.^[2]

Additional images

Temporal muscle (red).
Muscles of head and neck
Temporal muscle.Deep dissection.Mummification process.

References

^ ^a ^b Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Fehrenbach and Herring, Elsevier, 2012, page 98
^ ^a ^b Human Anatomy, Jacobs, Elsevier, 2008, page 194

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Temporal muscles.

Origin, insertion and nerve supply of the muscle at Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine
Anatomy photo:27:04-0100 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Infratemporal Fossa: The Temporalis Muscle"
The anatomical basis for surgical preservation of temporal muscle, Kadri, et al., J Neurosurg 2004, 100:517–522 at http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/documents/singerlab/files/Kadri%20et%20al.pdf
Temporalis Muscle Transfer, The Methodist Hospital System, Houston, TX, at http://www.methodistfacialparalysis.com/temporalis/

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における顎関節症 temporomandibular disorders in adults
2. 下顎関節（TMJ）脱臼の整復 reduction of temporomandibular joint tmj dislocation
3. 頭頸部癌患者における下顎および口蓋再建 mandibular and palatal reconstruction in patients with head and neck cancer
4. 成人における扁桃摘出：外科手技 tonsillectomy in adults operative procedures
5. 小児における真珠腫 cholesteatoma in children

English Journal

Hypoxia simultaneously alters satellite cell-mediated angiogenesis and hepatocyte growth factor expression.

Flann KL, Rathbone CR, Cole LC, Liu X, Allen RE, Rhoads RP.Author information Physiological Sciences Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.AbstractSkeletal muscle regeneration is a multifaceted process requiring the spatial and temporal coordination of myogenesis as well as angiogenesis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a pivotal role in myogenesis by activating satellite cells (SC) in regenerating muscle and likely plays a role as a contributor to revascularization. Moreover, repair of a functional blood supply is critical to ameliorate tissue ischemia and restore skeletal muscle function, however effects of hypoxia on satellite cell-mediated angiogenesis remain unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the role of HGF and effect of hypoxia on the capacity of satellite cells to promote angiogenesis. To characterize the role of HGF, a microvascular fragment (MVF) culture model coupled with satellite cell conditioned media (CM) was employed. The activity of HGF was specifically blocked in SC CM reducing sprout length compared to control CM. In contrast, MVF sprout number did not differ between control or HGF-deficient SC CM media. Next, we cultured MVF in the presence of CM from satellite cells exposed to normoxic (20% O2 ) or hypoxic (1% O2 ) conditions. Hypoxic CM recapitulated a MVF angiogenic response identical to HGF deficient satellite cell CM. Hypoxic conditions increased satellite cell HIF-1α protein abundance and VEGF mRNA abundance but decreased HGF mRNA abundance compared to normoxic satellite cells. Consistent with reduced HGF gene expression, HGF promoter activity decreased during hypoxia. Taken together, this data indicates that hypoxic modulation of satellite cell-mediated angiogenesis involves a reduction in satellite cell HGF expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 572-579, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2014 May;229(5):572-9. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24479.
Skeletal muscle regeneration is a multifaceted process requiring the spatial and temporal coordination of myogenesis as well as angiogenesis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plays a pivotal role in myogenesis by activating satellite cells (SC) in regenerating muscle and likely plays a role as a contr
PMID 24122166

Endoscopic transmaxillary transMüller's muscle approach for decompression of superior orbital fissure: A cadaveric study with illustrative case.

Wang X1, Li YM1, Huang CG2, Liu HC3, Li QC3, Yu MK1, Hou LJ4.Author information 1Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China.2Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China. Electronic address: huang64@163.com.3Department of Radiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China.4Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China. Electronic address: lj_hou@hotmail.com.AbstractBACKGROUND: In an effort to avoid the damage and inconvenience associated with transcranial approaches, we developed an endoscopic transmaxillary transMüller's muscle approach for decompression of the superior orbital fissure (SOF).
Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery.J Craniomaxillofac Surg.2014 Mar;42(2):132-40. doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2013.03.008. Epub 2013 May 18.
BACKGROUND: In an effort to avoid the damage and inconvenience associated with transcranial approaches, we developed an endoscopic transmaxillary transMüller's muscle approach for decompression of the superior orbital fissure (SOF).METHODS: The endoscopic transmaxillary transMüller's muscle route
PMID 23688594

Estimation and visualization of longitudinal muscle motion using ultrasonography: A feasibility study.

Li J1, Zhou Y2, Ivanov K1, Zheng YP3.Author information 1Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.2Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China. Electronic address: y.zhou.cn@ieee.org.3Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China.AbstractUltrasonography is a convenient and widely used technique to look into the longitudinal muscle motion as it is radiation-free and real-time. The motion of localized parts of the muscle, disclosed by ultrasonography, spatially reflects contraction activities of the corresponding muscles. However, little attention was paid to the estimation of longitudinal muscle motion, especially towards estimation of dense deformation field at different depths under the skin. Yet fewer studies on the visualization of such muscle motion or further clinical applications were reported in the literature. A primal-dual algorithm was used to estimate the motion of gastrocnemius muscle (GM) in longitudinal direction in this study. To provide insights into the rules of longitudinal muscle motion, we proposed a novel framework including motion estimation, visualization and quantitative analysis to interpret synchronous activities of collaborating muscles with spatial details. The proposed methods were evaluated on ultrasound image sequences, captured at a rate of 25 frames per second from eight healthy subjects. In order to estimate and visualize the GM motion in longitudinal direction, each subject was asked to perform isometric plantar flexion twice. Preliminary results show that the proposed visualization methods provide both spatial and temporal details and they are helpful to study muscle contractions. One of the proposed quantitative measures was also tested on a patient with unilateral limb dysfunction caused by cerebral infarction. The measure revealed distinct patterns between the normal and the dysfunctional lower limb. The proposed framework and its associated quantitative measures could potentially be used to complement electromyography (EMG) and torque signals in functional assessment of skeletal muscles.
Ultrasonics.Ultrasonics.2014 Mar;54(3):779-88. doi: 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.09.024. Epub 2013 Oct 15.
Ultrasonography is a convenient and widely used technique to look into the longitudinal muscle motion as it is radiation-free and real-time. The motion of localized parts of the muscle, disclosed by ultrasonography, spatially reflects contraction activities of the corresponding muscles. However, lit
PMID 24206676

Japanese Journal

顎関節強直症に側頭筋筋膜弁および遊離真皮脂肪移植を用いた顎関節授動術の1例

服部雄紀,栗田賢一,福田幸太 [他]
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 = Japanese journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery 60(5), 262-266, 2014-05
NAID 40020108663

側頭筋移行術をうまく行うために : 手技のコツ (特集顔面神経麻痺における眼瞼部の治療)

上田和毅
形成外科 57(5), 473-480, 2014-05
NAID 40020085828

顎関節強直症に側頭筋筋膜弁および遊離真皮脂肪移植を用いた顎関節授動術の1例

服部雄紀,栗田賢一,福田幸太,小木信美,湯浅秀道
日本口腔外科学会雑誌 60(5), 262-266, 2014
… We report on a patient who underwent gap arthroplasty and coronoidectomy followed by reconstruction with a dermis-fat graft and temporalis muscle and fascia flap for temporomandibular joint （TMJ） ankylosis. … After gap arthrotomy and coronoidectomy, the muscle with the fascia was interposed between the bony stumps, and dermis-fat was placed around the muscle graft and bony stumps.As of 7 years after operation, magnetic resonance inaging showed that the interposed temporalis muscle and fascia flap and grafted fat had survived. …
NAID 130005074256

Related Pictures

Muscles of Mastication (Chewing) temporalis - Google Search | 인체해부학/부위)머리 | Pinterest | Muscle Temporalis muscle | Image | Radiopaedia.org Temporalis Muscle Anatomy - ANATOMY BODY DIAGRAM Pics For > Temporalis Temporalis Muscle: Headaches, Head, Cheek, Teeth, Pain - The Wellness Digest Temporalis Muscle: Location, Action and Trigger Points - Ground Up Strength Temporal Muscle Anatomy Overview - Human Anatomy | Kenhub - YouTube

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「側頭筋」
拡張検索	「gyrus temporalis inferior」
関連記事	「temporal」

「側頭筋」

Temporal muscle
	The Temporalis; the zygomatic arch and Masseter have been removed.
Latin	Musculus temporalis
Origin	Temporal lines on the parietal bone of the skull and the superior temporal surface of the sphenoid bone.
Insertion	Coronoid process of the mandible.
Artery	Deep temporal arteries
Nerve	Deep temporal nerves, branch(es) of the anterior division of the mandibular nerve (V3)
Actions	Elevation and retraction of mandible
Antagonist	Platysma muscle
TA	A04.1.04.005
FMA	FMA:49006
	Anatomical terms of muscle

　　[★]

英: temporalis muscle (N,KH,KA), temporalis (K,KL), temporal muscle (M,KL)
ラ: musculus temporalis
関: 咀嚼筋、咀嚼筋群

起始

側頭骨(側頭窩)

停止

下顎骨(下顎枝と筋突起)

神経

下顎神経(三叉神経の下顎枝)

機能

下顎を挙上。顎を閉じる。後方の線維はあごを引く。

カテゴリ

咀嚼筋＞:咀嚼筋

Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.

「gyrus temporalis inferior」

　　[★]

下側頭回

関: inferior temporal gyrus

「temporal」

　　[★]

adj.

時間的な、側頭の、耳側の、側頭部の

関: temporally、temporo

[:0-1] Illustrated Anatomy of the Head and Neck, Fehrenbach and Herring, Elsevier, 2012, page 98

[:1-2] Human Anatomy, Jacobs, Elsevier, 2008, page 194

匿名

検索

案内

案内

temporalis