WordNet

use a computer mouse to move icons on the screen and select commands from a menu; "drag this icon to the lower right hand corner of the screen"
proceed for an extended period of time; "The speech dragged on for two hours" (同)drag_on, drag out
the phenomenon of resistance to motion through a fluid (同)retarding force
clothing that is conventionally worn by the opposite sex (especially womens clothing when worn by a man); "he went to the party dressed in drag"; "the waitresses looked like missionaries in drag"
the act of dragging (pulling with force); "the drag up the hill exhausted him"
something tedious and boring; "peeling potatoes is a drag"
something that slows or delays progress; "taxation is a drag on the economy"; "too many laws are a drag on the use of new land"
to lag or linger behind; "But in so many other areas we still are dragging" (同)trail, get behind, hang back, drop behind, drop_back
move slowly and as if with great effort
persuade to come away from something attractive or interesting; "He dragged me away from the television set"
pull, as against a resistance; "He dragged the big suitcase behind him"; "These worries were dragging at him"
find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of; "did you solve the problem?"; "Work out your problems with the boss"; "this unpleasant situation isnt going to work itself out"; "did you get it?"; "Did you get my meaning?"; "He (同)work_out, figure out, puzzle out, lick, work
capable of meeting financial obligations
a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances; "the solvent does not change its state in forming a solution" (同)dissolvent, dissolver, dissolving agent, resolvent

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈重い物〉‘を'『引きずる』(haul) / 《副詞[句]を判って》…‘を'引っ張ってゆく / (網などで)(…を捜して)〈川・湖など〉‘の'底をさらう《+『名』+『for』+『名』》 / …‘を'だらだらと引き延ばす《+『out』+『名,』+『out』》 / (地面に)『引きずる』《+『along』》 / 〈物が〉重そうに動く;のろのろ進む / だらだらと長引く《+『on』(『out』)》 / 〈C〉〈U〉引っ張ること,引きずること / 〈C〉物事を遅らせる原因になる人(物);(…の)足手まとい,じゃま物《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉水の底を探る物(探り錨,引き網など) / 〈C〉引きずられる物(重いまぐわ,犬ぞりなど) / 〈U〉《a~》(航空機の)抗力 / 《a~》《俗》退屈な人(物,事)
〈問題など〉‘を'『解く』,解明する,解決する
(借金の)支払い能力がある / 溶解力のある,溶かす / 溶剤,溶媒 / 解決策

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/02 22:07:41」(JST)

wiki en

Solvent drag, also known as bulk transport, refers to solutes in the ultrafiltrate that are transported back from the renal tubule by the flow of water rather than specifically by ion pumps or other membrane transport proteins.^[1] This is a phenomenon primarily in renal physiology, but it also occurs in gastrointestinal physiology.

It generally occurs in the paracellular, rather than transcellular, pathway across the tubular cells.

It is seen e.g. in the passive transport in renal sodium reabsorption, renal chloride reabsorption as well as renal urea handling.

References

^ Walter F., PhD. Boron. Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 791

UpToDate Contents

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1. 末期腎不全における他の腎代替療法 alternative renal replacement therapies in end stage renal disease
2. 持続的腎代替療法：概要 continuous renal replacement therapies overview
3. 血液透析装置の概要 overview of the hemodialysis apparatus
4. 腹部大動脈瘤ステントグラフト留置術に対する麻酔 anesthesia for endovascular aortic repair
5. Technical aspects of hemodiafiltration

English Journal

Penetration Studies of an Extremely Lipophilic Active Model Substance from an Oil-in-Water Emulsion: Influence of the Lipophilicity of the Formulation in Human Skin - Part 2.

Naumann S, Lange S, Polak G, Kalhoelfer V, Motlagh L, Goebel A, Wohlrab J, Neubert RH.Author information Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany.AbstractThe effect of the lipophilicity of a carrier on human skin penetration of an extremely lipophilic active model substance was evaluated by using Franz type diffusion cells. Oil-in-water model emulsions containing different amounts of the oily phase were prepared, and Myritol® PC (M-PC) was selected as lipophilic marker component of the oily phase. The penetrated amounts of the lipophilic model substance salicyloyl phytosphingosine (SP) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, while M-PC was detected using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. It has been ascertained that the amount of the lipid phase within the emulsion influenced the penetration profile of the active ingredient SP. The emulsion containing the lowest proportion of the lipid phase provides the best conditions for SP penetration. Surprisingly, the penetration behavior of M-PC was influenced by the oily phase in the same way. Regarding the M-PC and the SP penetration profiles from each emulsion, a solvent drag mechanism can be assumed whereby M-PC acts as penetration enhancer. In conclusion, the penetration rate of the active ingredient SP and the marker component M-PC are in reverse proportion to the oil content of the formulations. The lipophilicity of SP and M-PC, their solubility and their thermodynamic activity within the vehicle could have an effect on their penetration behavior. Additionally, M-PC has the property to enhance the penetration rates of extremely lipophilic substances even at low concentrations. © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.
Skin pharmacology and physiology.Skin Pharmacol Physiol.2014;27(2):97-105. doi: 10.1159/000352077. Epub 2013 Dec 10.
The effect of the lipophilicity of a carrier on human skin penetration of an extremely lipophilic active model substance was evaluated by using Franz type diffusion cells. Oil-in-water model emulsions containing different amounts of the oily phase were prepared, and Myritol® PC (M-PC) was selected
PMID 24335336

Electro-osmotic drag effect on the methanol permeation for sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and nafion 117 membranes.

Chi NT, Bae B, Kim D.Author information School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.AbstractElectro-osmotic drag effect on the methanol permeation was investigated for sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) membrane, and its result was compared with that of Nafion 117 membrane. The electro-osmotic drag coefficient was determined from the limiting current density measured at different temperature. The methanol permeability of sPEEK membrane increased with temperature but its temperature dependence was not as strong as that of Nafion 117 membrane. The methanol permeability or the total methanol flux of Nafion 117 membrane was at least twice higher than that of sPEEK70 membrane (sPEEK membrane with 70% sulfonation degree), as the methanol permeation was highly contributed by the electro-osmotic drag effect. This higher electro-osmotic drag of Nafion 117 membrane is attributed to the bigger ion cluster and waster channel in nanophase and thus more free water absorption than sPEEK membrane.
Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.J Nanosci Nanotechnol.2013 Nov;13(11):7529-34.
Electro-osmotic drag effect on the methanol permeation was investigated for sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK) membrane, and its result was compared with that of Nafion 117 membrane. The electro-osmotic drag coefficient was determined from the limiting current density measured at different
PMID 24245286

Japanese Journal

S055022 バイオポリマー水溶液の抵抗減少効果に関する研究 : 第2報キサンタンガム水溶液の円管内圧力損失に及ぼす溶媒の影響([S05502]流れの抵抗低減(2))

中村大吾,栃木弘,小方聡,渡辺敬三
年次大会 : Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2011, "S055022-1"-"S055022-2", 2011-09-11
… Drag reduction has been employed by many engineers and researchers in the field of fluids engineering because phenomenon helps save energy. … In this study, it is obtained in 60% drag reduction ratio for 5Oppm Xanthan gum solution. … The solvent influence on the drag reduction of Xanthan gum solutions is examined experimentally, and it is shown that the drag reduction hardly occurs by dissolving artificial seawater. …
NAID 110009759956

正方形断面90°ベンド内における界面活性剤水溶液の遷移状態での二次流れの発達(流体工学,流体機械)

宗像瑞恵,寺沢亨,吉川浩行 [他],大庭英樹
日本機械学會論文集. B編 76(767), 1019-1027, 2010-07-25
… The separation and secondary flow of surfactant solution with shear-thinning viscosity, in a square-sectioned 90° bend, has been investigated by measurements of velocity field using PIV and wall pressure distribution at the same bulk velocity, when Reynolds number is 45000 in the solvent (water). …
NAID 110007682114