sensory loss

• 感覚消失、感覚脱失

関

anesthesia、loss of sensation、sensory deficit、sensory extinction

WordNet

1. loss of bodily sensation with or without loss of consciousness (同)anaesthesia
2. the amount by which the cost of a business exceeds its revenue; "the company operated at a loss last year"; "the company operated in the red last year" (同)red ink, red
3. gradual decline in amount or activity; "weight loss"; "a serious loss of business"
4. something that is lost; "the car was a total loss"; "loss of livestock left the rancher bankrupt"
5. the disadvantage that results from losing something; "his loss of credibility led to his resignation"; "losing him is no great deprivation" (同)deprivation
6. the act of losing someone or something; "everyone expected him to win so his loss was a shock"
7. the experience of losing a loved one; "he sympathized on the loss of their grandfather"
8. involving or derived from the senses; "sensory experience"; "sensory channels" (同)sensorial

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(…を)『失うこと』,紛失《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)『損害』,損失;損失額《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉〈C〉(…に)『負けること』,(…の)敗北;失敗《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(状態・程度の)『減少』,低下 / 《複数形で》(戦場における)(人の)損害,此傷者数
2. 感覚の
3. (光・温度・放射能などの)感知器
4. 負ける,損をする,勝ち目がない
5. 見よ,そら

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/03/14 15:58:38」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

Sensory system
Typical sensory system: the visual system, illustrated by the classic Gray's FIG. 722– This scheme shows the flow of information from the eyes to the central connections of the optic nerves and optic tracts, to the visual cortex. Area V1 is the region of the brain which is engaged in vision.
Latin	organa sensuum

A sensory system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory receptors, neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception. Commonly recognized sensory systems are those for vision, hearing, somatic sensation (touch), taste and olfaction (smell). In short, senses are transducers from the physical world to the realm of the mind where we interpret the information, creating our perception of the world around us.

The receptive field is the specific part of the world to which a receptor organ and receptor cells respond. For instance, the part of the world an eye can see, is its receptive field; the light that each rod or cone can see, is its receptive field. Receptive fields have been identified for the visual system, auditory system and somatosensory system, so far.

Stimulus

Sensory systems code for four aspects of a stimulus; type (modality), intensity, location, and duration. Arrival time of a sound pulse and phase differences of continuous sound are used for localization of sound sources. Certain receptors are sensitive to certain types of stimuli (for example, different mechanoreceptors respond best to different kinds of touch stimuli, like sharp or blunt objects). Receptors send impulses in certain patterns to send information about the intensity of a stimulus (for example, how loud a sound is). The location of the receptor that is stimulated gives the brain information about the location of the stimulus (for example, stimulating a mechanoreceptor in a finger will send information to the brain about that finger). The duration of the stimulus (how long it lasts) is conveyed by firing patterns of receptors. These impulses are transmitted to the brain through afferent neurons.

Modality

A stimulus modality (sensory modality) is a type of physical phenomenon that can be sensed. Examples are temperature, taste, sound, and pressure. The type of sensory receptor activated by a stimulus plays the primary role in coding the stimulus modality.

In the memory-prediction framework, Jeff Hawkins mentions a correspondence between the six layers of the cerebral cortex and the six layers of the optic tract of the visual system. The visual cortex has areas labelled V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, MT, IT, etc. Thus Area V1 mentioned below, is meant to signify only one class of cells in the brain, for which there can be many other cells which are also engaged in vision.

Hawkins lays out a scheme for the analogous modalities of the sensory system. Note that there can be many types of senses, some not mentioned here. In particular, for humans, there will be cells which can be labelled as belonging to V1, V2 A1, A2, etc.:

V1 (vision)

The human eye is the first element of a sensory system: in this case, vision, for the visual system.

Visual Area 1, or V1, is used for vision, via the visual system to the primary visual cortex.

ear

A1 (auditory - hearing)

Auditory Area 1, or A1, is for hearing, via the auditory system, the primary auditory cortex.

S1 (somatosensory - touch and proprioception)

Somatosensory Area 1, or S1, is for touch and proprioception in the somatosensory system. The somatosensory system feeds the Brodmann Areas 3, 1 and 2 of the primary somatosensory cortex. But there are also pathways for proprioception (via the cerebellum), and motor control (via Brodmann area 4).

tongue

G1 (gustatory - taste)

Gustatory Area 1, or G1, is used for taste. Taste does not refer to the flavor of food, because the flavor of the food refers to the odor. The five qualities of taste include sourness, bitterness, sweetness, saltiness, and a recently discovered protein taste quality called umami.

O1 (olfactory - smell)

Olfactory Area 1, or O1, is used for smell. In contrast to vision and hearing, the olfactory bulbs are not cross-hemispheric; the right bulb connects to the right hemisphere and the left bulb connects to the left hemisphere.

Human sensory system

The Human sensory system consists of the following sub-systems:

• Visual system consists of the photoreceptor cells, optic nerve, and V1.
• Auditory system
• Somatosensory system consists of the receptors, transmitters (pathways) leading to S1, and S1 that experiences the sensations labelled as touch or pressure, temperature (warm or cold), pain (including itch and tickle), and the sensations of muscle movement and joint position including posture, movement, and facial expression (collectively also called proprioception).
• Gustatory system
• Olfactory system

Human sensory receptors are:

• Chemosensor
• Mechanoreceptor
• Nociceptor
• Photoreceptor
• Thermoreceptor

Diseases

Amblyopia
Anacusis
Astigmatism (eye)
Cataract
Color blindness
Deafness
Hyperopia

Disability-adjusted life year for sense organ diseases per 100,000 inhabitants in 2002.

  no data

  less than 200

  200-400

  400-600

  600-800

  800-1000

  1000-1200

  1200-1400

  1400-1600

  1600-1800

  1800-2000

  2000-2300

  more than 2300

See also

• Sensor
• Sensory neuroscience
• Wikibook "Sensory Systems"

References

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 感覚消失患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with sensory loss
• 2. 後方循環系の脳血管症候群 posterior circulation cerebrovascular syndromes
• 3. 末梢神経疾患および筋疾患の鑑別診断 differential diagnosis of peripheral nerve and muscle disease
• 4. 多発性神経障害の概要 overview of polyneuropathy
• 5. 成人における詳細な神経学的検査 the detailed neurologic examination in adults

English Journal

• Applicability of salt reduction strategies in pizza crust.

• Mueller E1, Koehler P1, Scherf KA2.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Feb 1;192:1116-23. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.066. Epub 2015 Jul 17.
• In an effort to reduce population-wide sodium intake from processed foods, due to major health concerns, several different strategies for sodium reduction in pizza crust without any topping were evaluated by sensory analyses. It was possible to reduce sodium by 10% in one single step or to replace 3
• PMID 26304455

• Modelling stochastic variability and uncertainty in aroma active compounds of PEF-treated peach nectar as a function of physical and sensory properties, and treatment time.

• Evrendilek GA1, Avsar YK2, Evrendilek F3.
• Food chemistry.Food Chem.2016 Jan 1;190:634-42. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.06.010. Epub 2015 Jun 3.
• Effects of pulsed electric field (PEF) processing on 28 aroma active compounds, and four physical and eight sensory properties of peach nectar were explored using the best-fit multiple linear regression (MLR) models and Monte Carlo simulations as a function of the treatment times of 0, 66, 131, and
• PMID 26213021

• Differential modification of cortical and thalamic projections to cat primary auditory cortex following early- and late-onset deafness.

• Chabot N1,2,3, Butler BE1,2,3, Lomber SG1,2,4,3,5.
• The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2015 Oct 15;523(15):2297-320. doi: 10.1002/cne.23790. Epub 2015 May 12.
• Following sensory deprivation, primary somatosensory and visual cortices undergo crossmodal plasticity, which subserves the remaining modalities. However, controversy remains regarding the neuroplastic potential of primary auditory cortex (A1). To examine this, we identified cortical and thalamic pr
• PMID 25879955

Japanese Journal

• Identification of putative olfactory G-protein coupled receptors in Crown-of-Thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci

• BMC Genomics 18, 400, 2017-05-23
• NAID 120006415940

• Proteasome impairment in neural cells derived from HMSN-P patient iPSCs

• Molecular Brain 10(7), 2017-02-15
• NAID 120005971847

• 聴覚・平衡覚の成立における Rho-GTPase の関与

• Ｅｑｕｉｌｉｂｒｉｕｍ　Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ 76(6), 720-726, 2017
• NAID 130006336399

Related Links

• Better Care Homes : What is Sensory Loss?

Sensory loss takes place when a person's sight or hearing becomes impaired. For some people who have been born with a hearing or sight impairment the term “loss” is inappropriate. However many people who have spent their lives hearing ...

• Dissociated sensory loss - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Dissociated sensory loss is a pattern of neurological damage caused by a lesion to a single tract in the spinal cord which involves selective loss of fine touch and proprioception without loss of pain and temperature, or vice-versa.

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「感覚消失」「知覚脱失」「sensory deficit」「loss of sensation」「sensory extinction」
関連記事	「loss」「sensory」「sensor」

「感覚消失」

　　[★]

英

anesthesia、sensory loss、sensory deficit、loss of sensation、sensory extinction

同

感覚脱失

関

知覚脱失、麻酔、無感覚、無知覚、感覚脱失

「知覚脱失」

　　[★]

英

anesthesia、imperception、insensibility、loss of sensation、numbness、obdormition、sensation loss、sensory loss、sensory paralysis

「sensory deficit」

　　[★]

• 感覚消失

関

anesthesia、loss of sensation、sensory extinction、sensory loss

「loss of sensation」

　　[★]

• 感覚消失

関

anesthesia、sensory deficit、sensory extinction、sensory loss

「sensory extinction」

　　[★]

• 感覚消失

関

anesthesia、loss of sensation、sensory deficit、sensory loss

「loss」

　　[★]

• n.

• 損失、減少

関

decline、decrease、diminish、diminution、down-regulate、down-regulation、downregulate、downregulation、fall、reduce、reduction

　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「sensory」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 感覚性の、感覚の、知覚性の

関

sensation、sense、sensing

　 　

「sensor」

　　[★]

• n.

• センサー、感知器