self-rule

　 　

WordNet

1. mark or draw with a ruler; "rule the margins"
2. keep in check; "rule ones temper" (同)harness, rein
3. the duration of a monarchs or governments power; "during the rule of Elizabeth"
4. measuring stick consisting of a strip of wood or metal or plastic with a straight edge that is used for drawing straight lines and measuring lengths (同)ruler
5. (mathematics) a standard procedure for solving a class of mathematical problems; "he determined the upper bound with Descartes rule of signs"; "he gave us a general formula for attacking polynomials" (同)formula
6. (linguistics) a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice (同)linguistic rule
7. prescribed guide for conduct or action (同)prescript
8. a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior; "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast"; "short haircuts were the regulation" (同)regulation
9. any one of a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order; "the rule of St. Dominic"
10. directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted; "he knew the rules of chess"
11. decide with authority; "The King decreed that all firstborn males should be killed" (同)decree
12. decide on and make a declaration about; "find someone guilty" (同)find
13. have an affinity with; of signs of the zodiac
14. (used as a combining form) relating to--of or by or to or from or for--the self; "self-knowledge"; "self-proclaimed"; "self-induced"
15. your consciousness of your own identity (同)ego
16. a person considered as a unique individual; "ones own self"
17. subject to a ruling authority; "the ruled mass"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 自治;自制
2. 自治 (self-government)
3. 〈C〉『規則』,規定;法則 / 〈C〉『慣例』,慣習;通例,通則 / 〈U〉『支配』,統治;統治期間;統治権 / 〈C〉ものさし,定規(ruler) / 〈国・人など〉‘を'『支配する』,統治する,統御する / 《しばしば受動態で》〈感情などが〉〈人,人の行動など〉‘を'左右する,動かす / 〈裁判所・裁判官などが〉…‘と'裁決する,決定する / 〈紙〉‘に'線を引く / (…を)『支配する』,統治する《+『over』+『名』》 / (…について)裁決する,判定する《+『on』+『名』》;(…に反対の)裁決をする《+『against』+『名』(do『ing』)》・〈米俗〉抜群である、最高である
4. (他人と区別して)『自己』,自分,自身 / 〈C〉(人・物の)本質,個性;性格の一面 / 〈U〉私利,私欲,私心 / 同じ材料でできた,共ぎれの
5. 支配する,統治する / 支配的な,優勢な,有力な / (法による)判決,決定

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Self-governance, or Autonomy, is an abstract concept that applies to several scales of organization.

It may refer to personal conduct or family units but more commonly refers to larger scale activities, i.e., professions, industry bodies, religions and political units (usually referred to as Local Government), up to and including autonomous regions and/or others within nation-states who enjoy some sovereign rights. It falls within the larger context of governance and principles such as consent of the governed, and may involve non-profit organizations and corporate governance.

It can be used to describe a people or group being able to exercise all of the necessary functions of power without intervention from any authority which they cannot themselves alter. Self-rule is associated then in contexts where there is the end of colonial rule, absolute government or monarchy, as well as demands for autonomy by religious, ethnic or geographic regions which perceive themselves as being unrepresented or underrepresented in a national government. It is therefore a fundamental tenet of republican government and democracy as well as nationalism. Gandhi's term "swaraj" (see also "satygraha") is a branch of this self-rule ideology. Another major proponent of self-rule when a government's actions are immoral is Thoreau.

Generally when self-governance of nation-states is discussed, it is called national sovereignty – a concept important in international law.

This article focuses on the self-governance of professions, industries including unions, and formal or informal political units including ethnic or ethical 'nations' not defined by national borders, and of religious organizations, which have professional and political elements. There are many historical examples of such organizations or groups, and some, e.g. the Roman Catholic Church, the Freemasons, the Iroquois Confederacy, have histories going back centuries, including vast bodies of precedent and shared culture and knowledge.

A means of self-governance usually comprises at least the following:

• an ethical code that outlines acceptable behavior within the unit or group, e.g. the Hippocratic Oath of doctors, established professional ethics, the Ten Key Values of Green parties.
• some set of criteria whereby an outside legal code or political authority can be called in – unless the group itself opposes such authority, e.g., organized crime groups which are self-governing almost by definition.
• a means of ensuring that outside authority does not become involved unless and until these criteria are satisfied, usually a code of silence regarding the activities of insiders when conversing with outsiders.
• a process for registering and resolving grievances, e.g. medical malpractice, union procedures, and for achieving closure regarding them.
• the power to discipline its own members, ranging from fines and censure up to and including killing them, e.g. the Irish Republican Army, mafia or Tong groups, and militaries (see Uniform Code of Military Justice)
• a means of selecting or electing leaders, e.g. a voting system, gang wars, identification of divinely selected individuals (e.g. Dalai Lama discovery).
• a means of controlling parties, factions, tendencies or other sub-groups that seek to break away and form new entities that would compete with the group or organization that already exists.

Some degree of consensus decision making is usually involved in any self-governance system, if only because individual members of the group may choose to violate the criteria for invoking outside authority, break the code of silence, or otherwise cause the group to lose its autonomy. For instance, any member of the mafia can, and many do, "rat" (inform) on their colleagues, gaining a new identity, e.g. via the FBI witness protection program in the United States. Such betrayal ends the individuals' involvement in the group, and he can no longer access its unique social capital. However, he will remember the instructional capital and possibly be able to restart activities without the help of his former group. To curtail this possibility, most groups have very powerful means of coercion to prevent breakaway factions (or, in religions, "heresies") from competing directly with the old group.

See also

• Self-governing colony
• Anarchism
• Autonomy
• Bioregional democracy
• Interdependence
• Leave Us Kids Alone
• Lord of the Flies (book)
• Reciprocity (social and political philosophy)
• Responsible government
• Secession
• Self-awareness
• Self-determination
• Self-management
• Self-reference
• Sociocracy
• Swaraj
• Aundh Experiment
• United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories
• Urban autonomy

References

• Bird, C. (2000). "The Possibility of Self-Government". The American Political Science Review, 94(3), 563–577.

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English Journal

• The collaborative autonomy model of medical decision-making.

• Rubin MA1.
• Neurocritical care.Neurocrit Care.2014 Apr;20(2):311-8. doi: 10.1007/s12028-013-9922-2.
• While the bioethical principle of beneficence originated in antiquity, the ascension of autonomy, or "self-rule," has redefined the physician-patient relationship to the extent that autonomy often dominates medical decision-making. Philosophical and social movements, medical research atrocities, con
• PMID 24233814

• Mental health and well-being in different levels of perceived discrimination.

• Noorbala A1, Heris MA, Alipour A, Mousavi E, Farazi G.
• Iranian journal of public health.Iran J Public Health.2012;41(4):46-54. Epub 2012 Apr 30.
• BACKGROUND: To compare mental health and well-being in different levels of the perceived discrimination among Iranian people living in Tehran.METHOD: Using multi-stage sampling, 1255 subjects with the average age of 45 years and 9 months (including 672 women and 583 men) were selected and they compl
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• Looking cool or attaining self-rule. Different motives for autonomy and their effects on unhealthy snack purchase.

• Stok FM1, De Ridder DT, Adriaanse MA, De Wit JB.
• Appetite.Appetite.2010 Jun;54(3):607-10. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2010.02.017. Epub 2010 Mar 6.
• Being integral to adolescent health, autonomy presumably also is related to adolescent unhealthy snacking. We distinguish two differently motivated forms of autonomy: agentic autonomy, driven by a motivation to self-regulate, and self-presentational autonomy, driven by motives of image cultivation.
• PMID 20211669

Japanese Journal

• B-9 多元スケジュールのもとでのスケジュールパフォーマンスの獲得における自己ルールの共有の効果(ポスター発表)

• 尾西 洋平
• 日本行動分析学会年次大会プログラム・発表論文集 (30), 45, 2012-08-01
• NAID 110009581798

• 旭川医科大学図書館での学生との協働事例 : Eな時代こその"絆" (特集 第18回医学図書館研究会・継続教育コース)

• 谷本 祥子
• 医学図書館 59(2), 131-135, 2012-06
• 雑誌掲載版At the Asahikawa Medical University Library (henceforth called the Library)，various opportunities to collaborate with student activities have recently occurred. One such opportunity was a collabo …
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• Remaindered Life of Citizen-Man, Medium of Democracy (<Special Issue>Colonial Philippines in Transition)

• TADIAR Neferti X. M.
• 東南アジア研究 49(3), 464-495, 2011-12-31
• … S. colonial rule contributed to the implementing of universal standards of human life and experience towards the formation of citizen-man, as the currency and code required for Filipinosʼ … political self-rule. …
• NAID 110008729326

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• self-ruleの意味・用例｜英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク

self-rule 【名】自治 - アルクがお届けする進化するオンライン英和・和英辞書データベース。一般的な単語や連語から、イディオム、専門用語、スラングまで幅広く収録。 ... 完全独立案 ｛かんぜん どくりつ あん｝ でなく自治案 ...

• self-ruleの意味 - goo辞書 英和和英

self-ruleとは。意味や和訳。[名詞] =self-government.self-ruling [形容詞] - 80万項目以上収録、例文・コロケーションが豊富な無料英和和英辞典。 ... で始まる で一致する で終わる を説明文に含む を見出しに含む

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関連記事	「rule」「self」「selfing」

「rule」

　　[★]

• n.

• 規則、規定、ルール。(修道院などの)会則、会規、宗規。(法)(法廷の)命令、規則、法律原則
• 定則、通則。法則、方式、標準
• 通常のこと、常例、通例。主義
• 支配、統治
• 物差し、定規

• vt.
• vi.

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「self」

　　[★]

• n.

• セルフ

• adj.

自己の

　 　 　 　

「selfing」

　　[★]

• n.

• 自家受粉

関

self-pollination