細網肉腫

関: diffuse lymphoma、diffuse mixed-cell lymphoma、diffuse small cleaved-cell lymphoma、high-grade lymphoma、intermediate-grade lymphoma、low-grade lymphoma、lymphosarcoma、mixed lymphoma、mixed-cell lymphoma、non-Hodgkin lymphoma、non-Hodgkin's lymphoma、nonHodgkin's lymphoma、reticulosarcoma、small non-cleaved-cell lymphoma、small noncleaved-cell lymphoma、undifferentiated lymphoma

WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
the second compartment of the stomach of a ruminant (同)second stomach
any fine network (especially one in the body composed of cells or blood vessels)
a usually malignant tumor arising from connective tissue (bone or muscle etc.); one of the four major types of cancer
a small constellation in the southern hemisphere near Dorado and Hydrus

PrepTutorEJDIC

(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
肉腫(にくしゅ)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/24 19:41:06」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

A sarcoma (from the Greek σάρξ sarx meaning "flesh") is a cancer that arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin. Thus, malignant tumors made of cancellous bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, vascular, or hematopoietic tissues are, by definition, considered sarcomas. This is in contrast to a malignant tumor originating from epithelial cells, which are termed carcinoma. Human sarcomas are quite rare. Common malignancies, such as breast, colon, and lung cancer, are almost always carcinoma.^[1]

Classification

Tissue

Sarcomas are given a number of different names based on the type of tissue that they most closely resemble. For example, osteosarcoma resembles bone, chondrosarcoma resembles cartilage, liposarcoma resembles fat, and leiomyosarcoma resembles smooth muscle.

Grade

In addition to being named based on the tissue of origin, sarcomas are also assigned a grade (low, intermediate, or high) based on the presence and frequency of certain cellular and subcellular characteristics associated with malignant biological behavior. Low grade sarcomas are usually treated surgically, although sometimes radiation therapy or chemotherapy are used. Intermediate and high grade sarcomas are more frequently treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.^[2] Since higher grade tumors are more likely to undergo metastasis (invasion and spread to locoregional and distant sites), they are treated more aggressively. The recognition that many sarcomas are sensitive to chemotherapy has dramatically improved the survival of patients. For example, in the era before chemotherapy, long-term survival for patients with localized osteosarcoma was only approximately 20%, but now has risen to 60–70%.^[3]

Types

(ICD-O codes are provided, where available, along with the relevant edition.)

Askin's tumor (8803/3)
Sarcoma botryoides
Chondrosarcoma (9220/3–9240/3)
Ewing's (9260/3)—PNET (9473/3)
Malignant Hemangioendothelioma (9130/3)
Malignant Schwannoma (9560/3–9561/3)
Osteosarcoma (9180/3–9190/3)
Soft tissue sarcomas, including:
- Alveolar soft part sarcoma (9581/3)
- Angiosarcoma (9120/3)
- Cystosarcoma Phyllodes
- Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) (8832/3–8833/3)
- Desmoid Tumor (8821/1–8822/1)
- Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (8806/3)
- Epithelioid Sarcoma (8804/3)
- Extraskeletal chondrosarcoma (9220/3)
- Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (9180/3)
- Fibrosarcoma (8810/3)
- Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
- Hemangiopericytoma (9150)(Also known as "solitary fibrous tumor". Only a subset of these tumors are classified as malignant.)
- Hemangiosarcoma (9120/3) (More commonly referred to as "angiosarcoma")
- Kaposi's sarcoma (9140/3)
- Leiomyosarcoma (8890/3–8896/3)
- Liposarcoma (8850/3–8858/3)
- Lymphangiosarcoma (9170–9175)
- Lymphosarcoma (Not considered to be sarcomas)
- Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (8830/3)(This is an obsolete term that is no longer recognized by the World Health Organization. Many of these tumors would currently be classified as "undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma".)
- Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)
- Neurofibrosarcoma (9540/3)
- Rhabdomyosarcoma (8900–8920)
- Synovial sarcoma (9040/3–9043/3)
- Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (previously referred to as Malignant fibrous histiocytoma)

Treatment

Diagnoses of sarcoma are extremely rare with less than 20,000 cases diagnosed worldwide every year according to the National Cancer Institute SEER database.^[4]

Surgery is important in the treatment of most sarcomas.^[5] Limb sparing surgery, as opposed to amputation, can now be used to save the limbs of patients in at least 90% of extremity tumor cases.^[5] Additional treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, may be administered before and/or after surgery.^[2] Chemotherapy significantly improves the prognosis for many sarcoma patients, especially those with bone sarcomas.^[6] Treatment can be a long and arduous process, lasting about a year for many patients.^[2]

Liposarcoma treatment consists of surgical resection, with chemotherapy not being used outside of the investigative setting. Adjuvant radiotherapy may also be used after surgical excision for liposarcoma.^[7]
Rhabdomyosarcoma is treated with surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy.^[8] The majority of rhabdomyosarcoma patients have between a 50–85% survival rate.^[9]
Osteosarcoma is treated with surgical resection of as much of the cancer as possible, often along with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.^[10] Radiotherapy is a second alternative although not as successful.

Epidemiology

Sarcomas are quite rare with only 15,000 new cases per year in the United States.^[11] Sarcomas therefore represent about one percent of the 1.5 million new cancer diagnoses in that country each year.^[12]

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common form of sarcoma, with approximately 3,000–3,500 cases per year in the United States.^[13]

Sarcomas affect people of all ages. Approximately 50% of bone sarcomas and 20% of soft tissue sarcomas are diagnosed in people under the age of 35.^[14] Some sarcomas, such as leiomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), are more common in adults than in children. Most high-grade bone sarcomas, including Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma, are much more common in children and young adults.

References

^ International Agency for Research on Cancer (2002). Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone. St. Louis: WHO Press. ISBN 9789283224136.
^ ^a ^b ^c Buecker, P (2005). "Sarcoma: A Diagnosis of Patience". ESUN 2 (5). Retrieved 2009-04-15.
^ Longhi A, Errani C, De Paolis M, Mercuri M, Bacci G (Oct 2006). "Primary bone osteosarcoma in the pediatric age: state of the art". Cancer Treat Rev. 32 (6): 423–36. doi:10.1016/j.ctrv.2006.05.005. PMID 16860938.
^ "Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program".
^ ^a ^b Morris, C (2005). "Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (MFH)". ESUN 2 (2). Retrieved 2011-10-19.
^ Baker, L (2006). "A Rose is a Rose or a Thorn is a Thorn". ESUN 3 (5). Retrieved 2011-10-19.
^ Liposarcoma Treatment & Management~treatment at eMedicine
^ "Rhabdomyosarcoma". Boston Children's Hospital.
^ Wexler, L (2004). "Rhabdomyosarcoma". ESUN 1 (4). Retrieved 2011-10-19.
^ Osteosarcoma Treatment & Management~treatment at eMedicine
^ Borden EC, Baker LH, Bell RS, et al. (Jun 2003). "Soft tissue sarcomas of adults: state of the translational science". Clin Cancer Res. 9 (6): 1941–56. PMID 12796356.
^ "Cancer Facts & Figures 2009". American Cancer Society.
^ Tran T, Davila JA, El-Serag HB (Jan 2005). "The epidemiology of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors: an analysis of 1,458 cases from 1992 to 2000". Am J Gastroenterol 100 (1): 162–8. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.40709.x. PMID 15654796.
^ Darling, J (2007). "A Different View of Sarcoma Statistics". ESUN 4 (6). Retrieved 2012-10-06.

External links

Sarcoma at DMOZ
OrthoTumours a case-based educational resource
NEW YORK DAILY NEWS Sarcomas are tumors of the connective tissues of the body

UpToDate Contents

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1. 転移性軟部組織肉腫の全身治療 systemic treatment of metastatic soft tissue sarcoma
2. 頭頸部肉腫 head and neck sarcomas
3. 軟部および骨肉腫の病原因子 pathogenetic factors in soft tissue and bone sarcomas
4. 放射線関連肉腫 radiation associated sarcomas
5. 骨肉腫：疫学、病因、臨床症状、診断、および組織学的検査 osteosarcoma epidemiology pathogenesis clinical presentation diagnosis and histology

English Journal

Epidemiology of lymphoid malignancies: last decade update.

Novelli S, Briones J, Sierra J.SourceHematology Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
SpringerPlus.Springerplus.2013 Dec;2(1):70. Epub 2013 Feb 26.
BACKGROUND: The non-Hodgkin lymphomas are 12th most prevalent cancers in Europe. No recent update in the epidemiology of these lymphomas has been performed in our country. We diagnosed 701 new lymphomas during the period beginning January 1, 2000 and ending December 31, 2009 in our center.FINDINGS:
PMID 23520573

Lifestyle factors, autoimmune disease and family history in prognosis of non-hodgkin lymphoma overall and subtypes.

Simard JF, Baecklund F, Chang ET, Baecklund E, Hjalgrim H, -Olov Adami H, Glimelius B, Smedby KE.SourceDepartment of Medicine, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. julia.simard@post.harvard.edu.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2013 Jun 1;132(11):2659-66. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27944. Epub 2012 Dec 3.
Lifestyle factors and medical history are known to influence risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Whether these factors affect the prognosis of NHL, especially its subtypes, is unclear. To investigate this, the association between these factors and all-cause and lymphoma-related mortality was assesse
PMID 23160780

Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Bollard CM, Lim MS, Gross TG; COG Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Committee.SourceDivision of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. cmbollar@txch.org.
Pediatric blood & cancer.Pediatr Blood Cancer.2013 Jun;60(6):979-84. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24416. Epub 2012 Dec 19.
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas account for approximately 7% of cancers diagnosed in patients less than 20 years of age, with approximately 800 cases diagnosed annually at COG institutions. With current therapies, cure rates range from 70% to over 90%, even for children with disseminated disease. However, two
PMID 23255391

Treatments for non-Hodgkin lymphoma in HIV-positive patients: Quantifying incremental benefit from 1993 to 2004 by metaregression.

Messori A, Fadda V, Maratea D, Trippoli S.SourceHTA Unit, ESTAV Toscana Centro, Regional Health Service, 50100, Firenze, Italy.
American journal of hematology.Am J Hematol.2013 May;88(5):435. doi: 10.1002/ajh.23420. Epub 2013 Mar 19.
PMID 23420571

Japanese Journal

Effects on M5076-Hepatic Metastasis of Retinoic Acid and N-4-Hydroxyphenyl Retinamide, Fenretinide Entrapped in SG-Liposomes

Takahashi Noriko,Tamagawa Kayoko,Shimizu Kazuyuki [他],FUKUI Tetsuya,MAITANI Yoshie
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 26(7), 1060-1063, 2003-07-01
… Retinoic acid (RA), a potent inducer of cell differentiation, and <i>N</i>-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR, fenretinide), a potent inducer of apoptosis, are well known as anticancer agents that are administered orally to patients for leukemia, breast and prostate cancer, respectively. … In mice implanted with M5076 cells, murine reticulum cell sarcoma survival times were prolonged by i.v. …
NAID 110003608578

Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma: Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Studies

Toyoda Kentaro,Taniguchi Junichi,Kikawa Kazuhiko [他],UIKE Naokuni,HARAOKA Seiji,OOSHIMA Kouichi,KIKUCHI Masahiro,KAWANISHI Hidenori
Internal medicine 39(11), 950-955, 2000-11
… A rare case of follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma is reported. … But tumors that arose both in the cervical and the left interscapular regions during the chemotherapy were immunohistochemically confirmed to be of follicular dendritic cell origin. … The ultrastructural findings were consistent with those of FDC sarcoma. …
NAID 10006997236

FR901228, a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide produced by Chromobacterium violaceum No. 968. III. Antitumor activities on experimental tumors in mice.:III. ANTITUMOR ACTIVITIES ON EXPERIMENTAL TUMORS IN MICE

UEDA HIROTSUGU,MANDA TOSHITAKA,MATSUMOTO SANAE,MUKUMOTO SUEO,NISHIGAKI FUSAKO,KAWAMURA IKUO,SHIMOMURA KYOICHI
The Journal of Antibiotics 47(3), 315-323, 1994
… FR901228 (ip) prolonged the life of mice bearing such murine ascitic tumors as P388 and L1210 leukemias and B16 melanoma, and inhibited (iv) the growth of murine solid tumors (Colon 38 carcinoma, M5076 reticulum cell sarcoma and Meth A fibrosarcoma) and human solid tumors (Lu-65 and LC-6 lung carcinomas, and SC-6 stomach adenocarcinoma) implanted in normal and nude mice, respectively. …
NAID 130003502725

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「small non-cleaved-cell lymphoma」「diffuse small cleaved-cell lymphoma」「mixed-cell lymphoma」「intermediate-grade lymphoma」「細網肉腫」
関連記事	「reticulum」「cell」

「small non-cleaved-cell lymphoma」

Sarcoma
	Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) image of a sarcoma
Classification and external resources
Specialty	Oncology
ICD-O	M8800/3
MeSH	D012509
	[edit on Wikidata]