WordNet

gradually advancing in extent
a tense of verbs used in describing action that is on-going (同)progressive tense, imperfect, imperfect tense, continuous tense
favoring or promoting reform (often by government action) (同)reformist, reform-minded
(of a card game or a dance) involving a series of sections for which the participants successively change place or relative position; "progressive euchre"; "progressive tournaments"
(of taxes) adjusted so that the rate increases as the amount of income increases
advancing in severity; "progressive paralysis"
favoring or promoting progress; "progressive schools"
(physics) the exponential return of a system to equilibrium after a disturbance (同)relaxation behavior
(physiology) the gradual lengthening of inactive muscle or muscle fibers
a method of solving simultaneous equations by guessing a solution and then reducing the errors that result by successive approximations until all the errors are less than some specified amount (同)relaxation method
an occurrence of control or strength weakening; "the relaxation of requirements"; "the loosening of his grip"; "the slackening of the wind" (同)loosening, slackening
make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"

PrepTutorEJDIC

(行列などが)『前進する』,進んで行く / (事態が)進展する,進行する / 『進歩的な』,革新的な / (病気・暴力などが)次第に悪くなる(広がる) / (課税が)累進的な / (文法で)進行[形]の / 進歩的な人,革新主義者
(…を)ゆるめること,緩和すること;(…を)ゆるみ;(規則などの)緩和,軽減《+『of』+『名』》 / 休養,くつろぎ,気晴らし,娯楽(diversion)
〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
筋肉の,筋力のある / 力ずくの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2023/03/16 04:40:21」(JST)

wiki en

Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is a non-pharmacological method of deep muscle relaxation, based on the premise that muscle tension is the body's psychological response to anxiety-provoking thoughts and that muscle relaxation blocks anxiety.^[1]

The technique involves learning to monitor the tension in specific muscle groups by first tensing and then relaxing each muscle group. When this tension is released, the attention is directed towards the differences felt during tension and relaxation so that the patient learns to recognise the contrast between the states.^[2]^[3]

History

Initial development of PMR by American physician Edmund Jacobson and presented first in 1908 at Harvard University.^[4]

In 1929, Jacobson published the book Progressive Relaxation, which included a detailed procedure for removing muscular tension. His work led to the use of the word "relax", in the sense of "to become less tense, anxious or stressed, to calm down".^[5]^[6]

He continued to work on this topic throughout his life and wrote several books about it.^[5]

Applications

Insomnia

Nowadays, non-pharmacological treatment of insomnia has become an alternative replacement or complement to routine medical care. Progressive muscle relaxation is used as a treatment for some causes of insomnia. They are meant to reduce physical tension and interrupt the racing thoughts processes that affect sleep.^[7] A common psychological problem of cancer patients and particularly for those in pain is insomnia. Some studies reported benefits of the progressive muscle relaxation technique used by cancer patients. One of them postulated: "the significant effect for the muscle relaxation group on the sleep onset latency indicates that the subjects' self-reported insomnia was significantly improved. Total sleep time was increased as well".^[8]

Pain relief

Pain is one of the most frequent symptoms in patients undergoing surgery or cancer chemotherapy and various treatments are proposed for its relief, including relaxation techniques. Progressive muscle relaxation technique is suggested to lead to an increase in blood flow which supplies more oxygen, thus enhancing local metabolism, resulting in reduced pain and muscle spasms.^{[citation needed]}

Progressive muscle relaxation might also reduce the perception of pain as well as providing pain relief by the patients after undergoing surgery. A recent study indicated "a significant tension decrease in all the types of muscles between pre- and post-relaxation situations for patients after surgery a result of progressive muscle relaxation".^[9]

It has also been indicated that the progressive muscle relaxation technique seems to show some positive achievements in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain in women. In the case of chronic pain it seems to not be possible to avoid the pain itself but rather to avoid the perceived threat (pain). Chronic pelvic pain is often associated with or resulting from the functions of the abdominal nervous system (often called "neuropathic pain"). If medications prescribed fail to be successful, patients may be referred to a practice specializing in a pain management, such as progressive muscle relaxation technique. Here, the treatment aims to release tightness of the muscles in the abdomen and lower back, as well as musculoskeletal tension.^[10]

Schizophrenia

Progressive muscle relaxation has been used in psychiatric settings as an alternative means of coping with subjective stress and states of anxiety. A few modern studies have reported a therapeutic effectiveness on psychological distress and anxiety symptoms as well as on response/remission for people with schizophrenia. There is some evidence revealing a decrease in stress level after regular training, after which patients tend to feel a greater sense of wellness and well-being. Moreover, they aim to learn how to manage stressful situations, especially those related to "self-control", "assuming responsibility" and "positive re-evaluation". However, the application of progressive muscle relaxation technique to the patients with schizophrenia is not widely used and the application requires additional research.^[11]^[12]

Sport

Professional sports require constant tension from athletes both physically and mentally, therefore it has been hypothesized that progressive muscle relaxation techniques may help athletes achieve optimal performance and optimize functioning in daily life.^{[citation needed]}

Long term effects

According to Encyclopedia of medicine by Miller-Keane, long term effects of practicing progressive muscle relaxation include:

A decrease in generalized level of anxiety
A decrease in anticipatory anxiety related to phobias
Reduction in the frequency and duration of panic attacks
Improved ability to face phobic situations through graded exposure
Improved concentration
An increased sense of control over moods
Increased self-esteem
Increased spontaneity and creativity^[13]

References

^ "progressive muscle relaxation". TheFreeDictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-13. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
^ Jacobson, E. (1938). Progressive relaxation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
^ Ibáñez-Tarín, C.; Manzanera-Escartí, R. (2012-09-01). "Técnicas cognitivo-conductuales de fácil aplicación en atención primaria (I)". SEMERGEN: Medicina de Familia (in Spanish). 38 (6): 377–387. doi:10.1016/j.semerg.2011.07.019. ISSN 1138-3593.
^ Jacobson, E. (1929). Progressive relaxation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
^ ^a ^b "The man who invented relaxation". BBC News. 2015-11-04. Retrieved 2021-11-07.
^ Bernstein, Douglas (2000). New directions in progressive relaxation training : a guidebook for helping professionals. Westport, Conn. : Praeger. pp. 2–5. ISBN 0275968375.
^ Blanaru, Monica; Bloch, Boaz; Vadas, Limor; Arnon, Zahi; Ziv, Naomi; Kremer, Ilana; Haimov, Iris (7 August 2012). "The effects of music relaxation and muscle relaxation techniques on sleep quality and emotional measures among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder". Mental Illness. 4 (2): 13. doi:10.4081/mi.2012.e13. PMC 4253375. PMID 25478114.
^ Wang, Fang; Eun-Kyoung, Othelia; Feng, Fan; Vitiello, Michael V.; Wang, Weidong; Benson, Herbert; Fricchione, Gregory L.; Denninger, John W. (1 December 2016). "The effect of meditative movement on sleep quality: A systematic review". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 30: 43–52. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.12.001. ISSN 1087-0792. PMID 26802824.
^ Paula, Adriana Aparecida Delloiagono de; Carvalho, Emilia Campos de; Santos, Claudia Benedita dos (2002). "The use of the "Progressive Muscle Relaxation" technique for pain relief in gynecology and obstetrics". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. 10 (5): 654–659. doi:10.1590/S0104-11692002000500005. ISSN 0104-1169. PMID 12641051.
^ McLennan, Mary T. (2014-07-31). Pelvic Pain in Women, an Issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, E-Book. ISBN 978-0-323-32336-9.
^ Melo-Dias, Carlos; Alves Apóstolo, João Luís; Batista Cardoso, Daniela Filipa (October 2014). "Effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation training for adults diagnosed with schizophrenia: a systematic review protocol". JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. 12 (10): 85–97. doi:10.11124/jbisrir-2014-1639.
^ Vancampfort, Davy; Correll, Christoph U; Scheewe, Thomas W; Probst, Michel; De Herdt, Amber; Knapen, Jan; De Hert, Marc (27 July 2012). "Progressive muscle relaxation in persons with schizophrenia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials". Clinical Rehabilitation. 27 (4): 291–298. doi:10.1177/0269215512455531. PMID 22843353.
^ O'Toole, Marie T., ed. (2005). Encyclopedia & dictionary of medicine, nursing, & allied health (7th Revised ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 9781416026044.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 広場恐怖症の有無を問わずパニック障害をきたす成人患者への精神療法 psychotherapy for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults
2. 癌の治療中や治療後の小児に起きる睡眠障害 sleep disorders during and after cancer in children
3. 癌疼痛に対する心理療法、リハビリテーション療法、および統合療法 psychological rehabilitative and integrative therapies for cancer pain
4. 成人における緊張型頭痛：予防的治療 tension type headache in adults preventive treatment
5. Behavioral and pharmacologic therapies for chronic insomnia in adults

English Journal

Progressive muscle relaxation reduces migraine frequency and normalizes amplitudes of contingent negative variation (CNV).

Meyer B1, Keller A2, Wöhlbier HG2, Overath CH3, Müller B2, Kropp P2.
The journal of headache and pain.J Headache Pain.2016 Dec;17(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s10194-016-0630-0. Epub 2016 Apr 18.
BACKGROUND: Central information processing, visible in evoked potentials like the contingent negative variation (CNV) is altered in migraine patients who exhibit higher CNV amplitudes and a reduced habituation. Both characteristics were shown to be normalized under different prophylactic migraine tr
PMID 27090417

Assessment of Sleep Quality and Effects of Relaxation Exercise on Sleep Quality in Patients Hospitalized in Internal Medicine Services in a University Hospital: The Effect of Relaxation Exercises in Patients Hospitalized.

Alparslan GB1, Orsal Ö, Unsal A.
Holistic nursing practice.Holist Nurs Pract.2016 May-Jun;30(3):155-65. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000147.
This study aims to assess sleep quality and determine the effects of relaxation exercise on sleep quality in patients hospitalized in internal medicine services. In total, 47 patients comprised the control group and did not engage in the exercise intervention-the progressive muscle relaxation exerci
PMID 27078810

Japanese Journal

グループホームにおける認知症高齢者への漸進的筋弛緩法の短期的評価

椙山女学園大学看護学研究 9, 15-23, 2017-03
NAID 40021140435

リラクセーション法

心身医学 57(10), 1025-1031, 2017
NAID 130006110714

「漸進的筋弛緩法」

　　[★]

英: progressive muscle relaxation

「relaxation」

　　[★]

n.

弛緩、緩和、(精神の)リラクゼーション

関: alleviate、ease、mitigate、mitigation、moderate、palliate、palliation、relax

「progressive」

　　[★]

adj.

進行性の

関: progressively

「muscle」

　　[★]

n.

筋肉

[1] "progressive muscle relaxation". TheFreeDictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-13. Retrieved 2017-07-20.

[2] Jacobson, E. (1938). Progressive relaxation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

[3] Ibáñez-Tarín, C.; Manzanera-Escartí, R. (2012-09-01). "Técnicas cognitivo-conductuales de fácil aplicación en atención primaria (I)". SEMERGEN: Medicina de Familia (in Spanish). 38 (6): 377–387. doi:10.1016/j.semerg.2011.07.019. ISSN 1138-3593.

[4] Jacobson, E. (1929). Progressive relaxation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

[:0-5] "The man who invented relaxation". BBC News. 2015-11-04. Retrieved 2021-11-07.

[6] Bernstein, Douglas (2000). New directions in progressive relaxation training : a guidebook for helping professionals. Westport, Conn. : Praeger. pp. 2–5. ISBN 0275968375.

[7] Blanaru, Monica; Bloch, Boaz; Vadas, Limor; Arnon, Zahi; Ziv, Naomi; Kremer, Ilana; Haimov, Iris (7 August 2012). "The effects of music relaxation and muscle relaxation techniques on sleep quality and emotional measures among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder". Mental Illness. 4 (2): 13. doi:10.4081/mi.2012.e13. PMC 4253375. PMID 25478114.

[8] Wang, Fang; Eun-Kyoung, Othelia; Feng, Fan; Vitiello, Michael V.; Wang, Weidong; Benson, Herbert; Fricchione, Gregory L.; Denninger, John W. (1 December 2016). "The effect of meditative movement on sleep quality: A systematic review". Sleep Medicine Reviews. 30: 43–52. doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.12.001. ISSN 1087-0792. PMID 26802824.

[9] Paula, Adriana Aparecida Delloiagono de; Carvalho, Emilia Campos de; Santos, Claudia Benedita dos (2002). "The use of the "Progressive Muscle Relaxation" technique for pain relief in gynecology and obstetrics". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. 10 (5): 654–659. doi:10.1590/S0104-11692002000500005. ISSN 0104-1169. PMID 12641051.

[10] McLennan, Mary T. (2014-07-31). Pelvic Pain in Women, an Issue of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, E-Book. ISBN 978-0-323-32336-9.

[11] Melo-Dias, Carlos; Alves Apóstolo, João Luís; Batista Cardoso, Daniela Filipa (October 2014). "Effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation training for adults diagnosed with schizophrenia: a systematic review protocol". JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports. 12 (10): 85–97. doi:10.11124/jbisrir-2014-1639.

[12] Vancampfort, Davy; Correll, Christoph U; Scheewe, Thomas W; Probst, Michel; De Herdt, Amber; Knapen, Jan; De Hert, Marc (27 July 2012). "Progressive muscle relaxation in persons with schizophrenia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials". Clinical Rehabilitation. 27 (4): 291–298. doi:10.1177/0269215512455531. PMID 22843353.

[13] O'Toole, Marie T., ed. (2005). Encyclopedia & dictionary of medicine, nursing, & allied health (7th Revised ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 9781416026044.

リンク元	「漸進的筋弛緩法」
関連記事	「relaxation」「progressive」「muscle」

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案内

progressive muscle relaxation