WordNet

the extent of a 2-dimensional surface enclosed within a boundary; "the area of a rectangle"; "it was about 500 square feet in area" (同)expanse, surface_area
a part of a structure having some specific characteristic or function; "the spacious cooking area provided plenty of room for servants"
a particular geographical region of indefinite boundary (usually serving some special purpose or distinguished by its people or culture or geography); "it was a mountainous area"; "Bible country" (同)country
a part of an animal that has a special function or is supplied by a given artery or nerve; "in the abdominal region" (同)region
a subject of study; "it was his area of specialization"; "areas of interest include..."
a unit of surface area equal to 100 square meters (同)ar

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〈U〉〈C〉『面積』 / 〈C〉『地域』,『地方』(region, district) / 〈C〉(活動・研究・興味などの及ぶ)『範囲』,『領域』(range)《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《英》=areaway 1
…『である』,…です(beの二人称の単数とすべての人称の複数の直説法現在形)
アール(メートル法の面積単位;100平方メートル)
are (面積の単位)の変形

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/23 22:59:25」(JST)

wiki en

The preoptic area is a region of the hypothalamus. According to the MeSH classification, it is considered part of the anterior hypothalamus. There are four nuclei in this region, according to Terminologia Anatomica (Medial, Median, Lateral, and Paraventricular).

Functions

The preoptic area is responsible for thermoregulation and receives nervous stimulation from thermoreceptors in the skin, mucous membranes, and hypothalamus itself.^[1]

This area propagates stimuli to either the heat-losing or the heat-promoting centers of the hypothalamus.

Nuclei

Median preoptic nucleus

The median preoptic nucleus is located along the midline in a position significantly dorsal to the other 3 preoptic nuclei, at least in the macaca fascicularis brain. It wraps around the top (dorsal), front, and bottom (ventral) surfaces of the anterior commissure.

The median preoptic nucleus generates thirst. Drinking decreases noradrenaline release in the median preoptic nucleus.^[2]

Medial preoptic nucleus

Main article: Sexually dimorphic nucleus

The medial preoptic nucleus is bounded laterally by the lateral preoptic nucleus, and medially by the preoptic periventricular nucleus. It releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), controls copulation in males, and is larger in males than in females.

Lateral preoptic nucleus

The lateral preoptic nucleus is lateral to the medial preoptic nucleus. It also mediates non-REM sleep onset.

Preoptic periventricular nucleus

The preoptic periventricular nucleus is located along the midline and is medial to the medial preoptic nucleus.

Aging

Studies in female mice have shown that estrogen receptor-alpha declines in the pre-optic hypothalamus as they grow old. The female mice that were given a calorie-restricted diet during the majority of their lives, maintained higher levels of ERα in the pre-optic hypothalamus than their non-calorie-restricted counterparts.^[3]

References

^ Martin, John Harry (2003). Neuroanatomy: Text and Atlas. McGraw-Hill Professional.
^ Drinking decreases the noradrenaline release in the median preoptic area caused by hypovolemia in the rat Hiroko Miyakubo, Kazuo Yamamoto, Satoko Hatakenaka, Yasushi Hayashi and Junichi Tanaka
^ Yaghmaie F, Saeed O, Garan SA, Freitag W, Timiras PS, Sternberg H. (2005). "Caloric restriction reduces cell loss and maintains estrogen receptor-alpha immunoreactivity in the pre-optic hypothalamus of female B6D2F1 mice.". Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 26 (3): 197–203. PMID 15990721.

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English Journal

Social status and GnRH soma size in female convict cichlids (Amatitlania nigrofasciatus).

Nesjan E1, Gutierrez-Ibanez C2, Cameron JR3, Merrigan S4, Wylie DR5, Hurd PL6.
Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2014 Oct 1;272:205-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.06.028. Epub 2014 Jun 23.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus play a key role in regulating reproductive function. These neurons in turn are modulated by environmental influences, including the social environment. In both the Old World cichlid Astatotilapia burtoni and
PMID 24970759

GABAergic and glutamatergic efferents of the mouse ventral tegmental area.

Taylor SR1, Badurek S, Dileone RJ, Nashmi R, Minichiello L, Picciotto MR.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Oct 1;522(14):3308-34. doi: 10.1002/cne.23603.
The role of dopaminergic (DA) projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in appetitive and rewarding behavior has been widely studied, but the VTA also has documented DA-independent functions. Several drugs of abuse, act on VTA GABAergic neurons, and most studies have focused on local inhibit
PMID 24715505

Distribution of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in the mouse brain.

Eskilsson A1, Tachikawa M, Hosoya K, Blomqvist A.
The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2014 Oct 1;522(14):3229-44. doi: 10.1002/cne.23593. Epub 2014 Apr 8.
Previous studies in rats have demonstrated that microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is induced in brain vascular cells that also express inducible cyclooxygenase-2, suggesting that such cells are the source of the increased PGE2 levels that are seen in the brain following peripheral immu
PMID 24668417