pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide

脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ポリペプチド PACAP

WordNet

1. of or relating to the pituitary gland; "pituitary hormone"
2. the master gland of the endocrine system; located at the base of the brain (同)pituitary_gland, pituitary body, hypophysis
3. a peptide containing 10 to more than 100 amino acids
4. causing motion or action or change (同)actuating

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 脳下垂体の(から得られた) / =pituitary gland

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/24 10:29:35」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

Adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary)
PDB rendering based on 2d2p.
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 1GEA, 2D2P, 2JOD
Identifiers
Symbols	ADCYAP1 ; PACAP
External IDs	OMIM: 102980 MGI: 105094 HomoloGene: 869 ChEMBL: 5692 GeneCards: ADCYAP1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • receptor signaling protein activity • receptor binding • neuropeptide hormone activity • pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide activity • pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor binding • peptide hormone receptor binding Cellular component • extracellular region • extracellular space • terminal bouton Biological process • ovarian follicle development • behavioral fear response • histamine secretion • negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus • negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway • activation of adenylate cyclase activity • positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration • neuropeptide signaling pathway • cell-cell signaling • female pregnancy • regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway • positive regulation of cell proliferation • positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process • positive regulation of neuron projection development • sensory perception of pain • cAMP-mediated signaling • pituitary gland development • neuron projection development • positive regulation of interleukin-6 production • positive regulation of Rap GTPase activity • regulation of protein localization • negative regulation of Rho GTPase activity • response to starvation • negative regulation of potassium ion transport • response to ethanol • negative regulation of cell cycle • positive regulation of protein kinase activity • positive regulation of vasodilation • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • ATP metabolic process • neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway • positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic • regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential • positive regulation of growth hormone secretion • negative regulation of glial cell proliferation • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade • regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation • cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus • positive regulation of somatostatin secretion Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	116	11516
Ensembl	ENSG00000141433	ENSMUSG00000024256
UniProt	P18509	O70176
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001099733	NM_009625
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001093203	NP_033755
Location (UCSC)	Chr 18: 0.9 – 0.91 Mb	Chr 17: 93.2 – 93.21 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide also known as PACAP is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADCYAP1 gene. PACAP is similar to vasoactive intestinal peptide. One of its effects is to stimulate enterochromaffin-like cells. It binds to vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor and to the PACAP receptor.

Function

This gene encodes adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1. Mediated by adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 receptors, this polypeptide stimulates adenylate cyclase and subsequently increases the cAMP level in target cells. Adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 not only is a hypophysiotropic hormone (i.e. a substance that induces activity in the hypophysis) but also functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. In addition, it plays a role in paracrine and autocrine regulation of certain types of cells. This gene is composed of five exons. Exons 1 and 2 encode the 5' UTR and signal peptide, respectively; exon 4 encodes an adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1-related peptide; and exon 5 encodes the mature peptide and 3' UTR. This gene encodes three different mature peptides, including two isotypes: a shorter form and a longer form.

Recently a version of this gene has been associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women (but not men). This disorder involves a maladaptive psychological response to traumatic, i.e. existence-threatening, events. Ressler et al. identified an association of a SNP in the gene coding for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), implicating this peptide and its receptor (PAC1) in PTSD.

Interactions

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide has been shown to interact with Secretin receptor.

See also

• Adenylate cyclase
• Pituitary gland

References

Further reading

• Conconi MT, Spinazzi R, Nussdorfer GG (2006). "Endogenous ligands of PACAP/VIP receptors in the autocrine-paracrine regulation of the adrenal gland.". Int. Rev. Cytol. 249: 1–51. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(06)49001-X. PMID 16697281. 
• Cross SH, Charlton JA, Nan X, Bird AP (1994). "Purification of CpG islands using a methylated DNA binding column.". Nat. Genet. 6 (3): 236–44. doi:10.1038/ng0394-236. PMID 8012384. 
• Dautzenberg FM, Mevenkamp G, Wille S, Hauger RL (2000). "N-terminal splice variants of the type I PACAP receptor: isolation, characterization and ligand binding/selectivity determinants.". J. Neuroendocrinol. 11 (12): 941–9. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00411.x. PMID 10583729. 
• Fahrenkrug J (2002). "Gut/brain peptides in the genital tract: VIP and PACAP.". Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. Suppl. 234: 35–9. PMID 11713978. 
• Fahrenkrug J (2006). "PACAP--a multifacetted neuropeptide.". Chronobiol. Int. 23 (1-2): 53–61. doi:10.1080/07420520500464569. PMID 16687279. 
• Felley CP, Qian JM, Mantey S et al. (1993). "Chief cells possess a receptor with high affinity for PACAP and VIP that stimulates pepsinogen release.". Am. J. Physiol. 263 (6 Pt 1): G901–7. PMID 1335692.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Geng L, Ju G (2000). "[The discovery of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its research progress]". Sheng li ke xue jin zhan [Progress in physiology] 28 (1): 29–34. PMID 10921074. 
• Gourlet P, Vandermeers A, Robberecht P, Deschodt-Lanckman M (1997). "Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP-27, but not PACAP-38) degradation by the neutral endopeptidase EC 3.4.24.11.". Biochem. Pharmacol. 54 (4): 509–15. doi:10.1016/S0006-2952(97)00207-4. PMID 9313778. 
• Inagaki N, Yoshida H, Mizuta M et al. (1994). "Cloning and functional characterization of a third pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor subtype expressed in insulin-secreting cells.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 (7): 2679–83. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.7.2679. PMC 43433. PMID 8146174.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Inooka H, Endo S, Kitada C et al. (1993). "Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) with 27 residues. Conformation determined by 1H NMR and CD spectroscopies and distance geometry in 25% methanol solution.". Int. J. Pept. Protein Res. 40 (5): 456–64. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3011.1992.tb00324.x. PMID 1483839.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Kimura C, Ohkubo S, Ogi K et al. (1990). "A novel peptide which stimulates adenylate cyclase: molecular cloning and characterization of the ovine and human cDNAs.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 166 (1): 81–9. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(90)91914-E. PMID 2302217.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Nakata M, Yada T (2007). "PACAP in the glucose and energy homeostasis: physiological role and therapeutic potential.". Curr. Pharm. Des. 13 (11): 1105–12. doi:10.2174/138161207780618948. PMID 17430174. 
• Ohkubo S, Kimura C, Ogi K et al. (1992). "Primary structure and characterization of the precursor to human pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide.". DNA Cell Biol. 11 (1): 21–30. doi:10.1089/dna.1992.11.21. PMID 1739432.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Ohtaki T, Masuda Y, Ishibashi Y et al. (1994). "Purification and characterization of the receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide.". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (35): 26650–7. PMID 8253796.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Pérez-Jurado LA, Francke U (1993). "Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the human pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) gene.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 2 (6): 827. doi:10.1093/hmg/2.6.827-a. PMID 8353512. 
• Waschek JA (2002). "Multiple actions of pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating peptide in nervous system development and regeneration.". Dev. Neurosci. 24 (1): 14–23. doi:10.1159/000064942. PMID 12145407. 
• Weber B, Riess O, Daneshvar H et al. (1993). "(CA)n-dinucleotide repeat at the PDEB locus in 4p16.3.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 2 (6): 827. doi:10.1093/hmg/2.6.827. PMID 8394765.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
• Wray V, Kakoschke C, Nokihara K, Naruse S (1993). "Solution structure of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.". Biochemistry 32 (22): 5832–41. doi:10.1021/bi00073a016. PMID 8504103. 
• Zeng N, Athmann C, Kang T et al. (1999). "PACAP type I receptor activation regulates ECL cells and gastric acid secretion.". J. Clin. Invest. 104 (10): 1383–91. doi:10.1172/JCI7537. PMC 409843. PMID 10562300.  CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)

External links

• Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 胃酸分泌の生理学 physiology of gastric acid secretion
• 2. 新生児高血糖 neonatal hyperglycemia
• 3. 気道の神経制御 neuronal control of the airways
• 4. 血管作動性腸管ポリペプチド vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
• 5. セクレチン secretin

English Journal

• Effect of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide on the autophagic activation observed in in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease.

• Lamine-Ajili A1, Fahmy AM2, Létourneau M3, Chatenet D2, Labonté P2, Vaudry D4, Fournier A5.
• Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2016 Apr;1862(4):688-95. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.005. Epub 2016 Jan 6.
• Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that leads to destruction of the midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. This phenomenon is related to apoptosis and its activation can be blocked by the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP). Growing evidence indicates that a
• PMID 26769362

• Genetic polymorphisms and DNA methylation in exon 1 CpG-rich regions of PACAP gene and its effect on mRNA expression and growth traits in half smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis).

• Si Y1,2, He F3,4, Wen H1,2, Li J1,2, Zhao J1,2, Ren Y1,2, Zhao M1,2, Ji L1,2, Huang Z1,2, Zhang M1,2, Chen S5.
• Fish physiology and biochemistry.Fish Physiol Biochem.2016 Apr;42(2):407-21. doi: 10.1007/s10695-015-0147-5. Epub 2015 Oct 22.
• The pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a new type of hypophysiotropic hormone and plays an important role in regulating the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone and gonadotropin. The research on the relationship between PACAP and different growth traits would contribu
• PMID 26494141

• Doxycycline exerted neuroprotective activity by enhancing the activation of neuropeptide GPCR PAC1.

• Yu R1, Zheng L2, Cui Y2, Zhang H3, Ye H4.
• Neuropharmacology.Neuropharmacology.2016 Apr;103:1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.11.032. Epub 2015 Dec 15.
• Doxycycline has significant neuroprotective effect with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity. We found for the first time that doxycycline specially promoted the proliferation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with high expression of neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating po
• PMID 26700245

Japanese Journal

• マウスモデルを用いた乳幼児突然死症候群の原因解析のアプローチ

• 昭和大学薬学雑誌 4(2), 119-127, 2013-12
• NAID 120005537042

• 精神機能調節・神経細胞発達におけるPACAPの役割

• 日本神経精神薬理学雑誌 = Japanese journal of psychopharmacology 33(2), 73-75, 2013-04-25
• NAID 10031169396

• IS-81 Stimulatory Effect of Pituitary Adenylate-Cyclase Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and its PACAP Type I Receptor (PAC1R) on Prolactin Synthesis in Rat Pituitary Somatolactotrophs(Group10 Reproduction4,International Session)

• 日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 63(2), 940, 2011-02-01
• NAID 110008510234

Related Links

• Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and its ...

1. Pharmacol Rev. 2009 Sep;61(3):283-357. doi: 10.1124/pr.109.001370. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and its receptors: 20 years after the discovery. Vaudry D(1), Falluel-Morel A, Bourgault S, Basille ...

• Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide is ...

1. Mol Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;12(11):1026-32. Epub 2007 Mar 27. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide is associated with schizophrenia. Hashimoto R(1), Hashimoto H, Shintani N, Chiba S, Hattori S, Okada ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ペプチド」「PACAP」「脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ポリペプチド」「下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ポリペプチド」
拡張検索	「pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor」「type I pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor」
関連記事	「adenylate」「pituitary」「cyclase」「polypeptide」「adenylate cyclase」

「下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ペプチド」

　　[★]

英

pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide PACAP

関

アデニル酸シクラーゼ

[show details]

下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ポリペプチド : 56 件
下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ペプチド : 39 件

ja

pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide : 約 63,400 件
pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide : 50 件

en

pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide : 約 89 件
pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide : 約 281,000 件

「PACAP」

　　[★]

• 脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ペプチド pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide
• 脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ポリペプチド pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide

「脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ポリペプチド」

　　[★]

英

pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide、PACAP

「下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ポリペプチド」

　　[★]

英

pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, PACAP

「pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor」

　　[★]

• 脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化・リペプチド受容体、脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化・リペプチドレセプター

関

PACAP receptor

「type I pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor」

　　[★]

• 脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化・リペプチド受容体I型

関

PAC1 receptor、PACAP type I receptor、type I PACAP receptor

「adenylate」

　　[★]

• n.

• アデニル酸

• v.

• アデニル化する

関

adenosine monophosphate、adenylation、adenylic acid

「pituitary」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 下垂体の

関

hypophyses、hypophysis、pituitary gland

　 　 　

「cyclase」

　　[★]

シクラーゼ、サイクレース、環化酵素

「polypeptide」

　　[★]

• n.

• (化合物)ポリペプチド

関

peptide

　

「adenylate cyclase」

　　[★] アデニル酸シクラーゼ