脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ペプチド pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide
脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ポリペプチド pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/04 22:21:52」(JST)

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide also known as PACAP is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADCYAP1 gene.^[1]^[2] PACAP is similar to vasoactive intestinal peptide. One of its effects is to stimulate enterochromaffin-like cells. It binds to vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor and to the PACAP receptor.

Function

This gene encodes adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1. Mediated by adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 receptors, this polypeptide stimulates adenylate cyclase and subsequently increases the cAMP level in target cells. Adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 not only is a hypophysiotropic hormone (i.e. a substance that induces activity in the hypophysis) but also functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. In addition, it plays a role in paracrine and autocrine regulation of certain types of cells. This gene is composed of five exons. Exons 1 and 2 encode the 5' UTR and signal peptide, respectively; exon 4 encodes an adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1-related peptide; and exon 5 encodes the mature peptide and 3' UTR. This gene encodes three different mature peptides, including two isotypes: a shorter form and a longer form.^[2]

Recently a version of this gene has been associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in women (but not men).^[3] This disorder involves a maladaptive psychological response to traumatic, i.e. existence-threatening, events. Ressler et al. identified an association of a SNP in the gene coding for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), implicating this peptide and its receptor (PAC1) in PTSD.

Interactions

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide has been shown to interact with Secretin receptor.^[4]

References

^ Hosoya M, Kimura C, Ogi K, Ohkubo S, Miyamoto Y, Kugoh H, Shimizu M, Onda H, Oshimura M, Arimura A, et al. (Feb 1992). "Structure of the human pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) gene". Biochim Biophys Acta 1129 (2): 199–206. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(92)90488-l. PMID 1730060.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: ADCYAP1 adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary)".
^ Ressler, KJ; Mercer, KB; Bradley, B; Jovanovic, T; Mahan, A; Kerley, K; Norrholm, SD; Kilaru, V; Smith, AK; Myers, AJ; Ramirez, M; Engel, A; Hammack, SE; Toufexis, D; Braas, KM; Binder, EB; May, V (Feb 24, 2011). "Post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with PACAP and the PAC1 receptor.". Nature 470 (7335): 492–7. doi:10.1038/nature09856. PMC 3046811. PMID 21350482. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Felley, C P; Qian J M; Mantey S; Pradhan T; Jensen R T (Dec 1992). "Chief cells possess a receptor with high affinity for PACAP and VIP that stimulates pepsinogen release". Am. J. Physiol. (UNITED STATES) 263 (6 Pt 1): G901–7. ISSN 0002-9513. PMID 1335692.

External links

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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1. 胃酸分泌の生理学 physiology of gastric acid secretion
2. 気道の神経制御 neuronal control of the airways
3. 血管作動性腸管ポリペプチド vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
4. セクレチン secretin
5. 新生児高血糖 neonatal hyperglycemia

English Journal

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide counteracts the impaired adult neural stem cell viability induced by palmitate.

Mansouri S, Ortsäter H, Pintor Gallego O, Darsalia V, Sjöholm A, Patrone C.SourceDiabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Journal of neuroscience research.J Neurosci Res.2012 Apr;90(4):759-68. doi: 10.1002/jnr.22803. Epub 2011 Dec 20.
Diabetes and obesity are characterized by hyperlipidemia and represent risk factors for premature neurological disorders. Diabetic/obese animals have impaired adult neurogenesis. We hypothesize that lipotoxicity leading to neurogenesis impairment plays a role in the development of neurological compl
PMID 22183970

Maxadilan, the Lutzomyia longipalpis vasodilator, drives plasma leakage via PAC1-CXCR1/2-pathway.

Svensjö E, Saraiva EM, Amendola RS, Barja-Fidalgo C, Bozza MT, Lerner EA, Teixeira MM, Scharfstein J.SourceInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Microvascular research.Microvasc Res.2012 Mar;83(2):185-93. Epub 2011 Oct 19.
Experiments were designed to determine if the vasodilatory peptides maxadilan and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP-38) may cause plasma leakage through activation of leukocytes and to what extent these effects could be due to PAC1 and CXCR1/2 receptor stimulation. Intravital mic
PMID 22036674

Proteomics of rat hypothalamus, hippocampus and pre-frontal/frontal cortex after central administration of the neuropeptide PACAP.

Gasperini L, Piubelli C, Carboni L.SourceNeurosciences CEDD, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135, Verona, Italy.
Molecular biology reports.Mol Biol Rep.2012 Mar;39(3):2921-35. Epub 2011 Jun 18.
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide that exerts pleiotropic functions, acting as a hypophysiotropic factor, a neurotrophic and a neuroprotective agent. The molecular pathways activated by PACAP to exert its physiological roles in brain are incompletely unders
PMID 21687973

Japanese Journal

IS-81 Stimulatory Effect of Pituitary Adenylate-Cyclase Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) and its PACAP Type I Receptor (PAC1R) on Prolactin Synthesis in Rat Pituitary Somatolactotrophs(Group10 Reproduction4,International Session)

Tselmeg Mijiddorj,Kanasaki Haruhiko,Indri Purwana,Oride Aki,Ishikawa Masako,Imamura Kayo,Katagiri Atsuko,Yamagami Ikuko,Nakayama Kentaro,Aoki Showa,Miyazaki Kohji
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 63(2), 940, 2011-02-01
NAID 110008510234

K-28 低頻度GnRHパルス刺激特異的FSH発現におけるPACAP及びPAC1受容体の関与について(高得点演題7 生殖,第63回日本産科婦人科学会学術講演会)

金崎春彦,インドリプルワナ,ミジドルジツェルメグ,折出亜希,石川雅子,今村加代,片桐敦子,山下育子,中山健太郎,青木昭和,宮崎康二
日本産科婦人科學會雜誌 63(2), 452, 2011-02-01
NAID 110008508783

PACAP up-regulates the expression of apolipoprotein D in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. DRG/3T3-L1 co-cultures study

KOSACKA Joanna,SCHRODER Thomas,BECHMANN Ingo,KLOTING Nora,NOWICKI Marcin,MITTAG Anja,GERICKE Martin,SPANEL-BOROWSKI Katharina,BLUHER Matthias
Neuroscience research : the official journal of the Japan Neuroscience Society 69(1), 8-16, 2011-01-01
NAID 10028189887

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ペプチド」「pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide」「脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ポリペプチド」「下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ポリペプチド」
拡張検索	「PACAP receptor」「PACAP受容体I型」「PACAPレセプター」「PACAP受容体」
関連記事	「PAC」

「下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ペプチド」

Adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary)
	; PDB rendering based on 2d2p.
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1GEA, 2D2P, 2JOD
Identifiers
Symbols	ADCYAP1 ; PACAP
External IDs	OMIM: 102980 MGI: 105094 HomoloGene: 869 ChEMBL: 5692 GeneCards: ADCYAP1 Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• receptor signaling protein activity; • receptor binding; • neuropeptide hormone activity; • pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide activity; • pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor binding; • peptide hormone receptor binding;
Cellular component	• extracellular region; • extracellular space; • terminal bouton;
Biological process	• ovarian follicle development; • behavioral fear response; • histamine secretion; • negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus; • negative regulation of acute inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus; • transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathway; • activation of adenylate cyclase activity; • positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; • neuropeptide signaling pathway; • cell-cell signaling; • female pregnancy; • regulation of G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway; • positive regulation of cell proliferation; • positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway; • negative regulation of muscle cell apoptotic process; • positive regulation of neuron projection development; • sensory perception of pain; • cAMP-mediated signaling; • pituitary gland development; • neuron projection development; • positive regulation of interleukin-6 production; • positive regulation of Rap GTPase activity; • regulation of protein localization; • negative regulation of Rho GTPase activity; • response to starvation; • negative regulation of potassium ion transport; • response to ethanol; • negative regulation of cell cycle; • positive regulation of protein kinase activity; • positive regulation of vasodilation; • positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; • ATP metabolic process; • neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway; • positive regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic; • regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential; • positive regulation of growth hormone secretion; • negative regulation of glial cell proliferation; • positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; • regulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor proliferation; • cellular response to glucocorticoid stimulus; • positive regulation of somatostatin secretion;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
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　　[★]

英: pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide PACAP
関: アデニル酸シクラーゼ

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ja

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「pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide」

　　[★] 脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ポリペプチド PACAP

「脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ポリペプチド」

　　[★]

英: pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide、PACAP

「下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ポリペプチド」

　　[★]

英: pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, PACAP

「PACAP receptor」

　　[★]

脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化・リペプチド受容体、脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化・リペプチドレセプター、PACAP受容体、PACAPレセプター

関: pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor

「PACAP受容体I型」

　　[★]

英: PACAP type I receptor、type I PACAP receptor
関: 脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化・リペプチド受容体I型、PAC1受容体、I型PACAP受容体、I型PACAPレセプター

「PACAPレセプター」

　　[★]

英: PACAP receptor
関: 脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化・リペプチド受容体、脳下垂体アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化・リペプチドレセプター、PACAP受容体

「PACAP受容体」

　　[★] アデニル酸シクラーゼ活性化ペプチド受容体

「PAC」

　　[★]

[pmid1730060-1] Hosoya M, Kimura C, Ogi K, Ohkubo S, Miyamoto Y, Kugoh H, Shimizu M, Onda H, Oshimura M, Arimura A, et al. (Feb 1992). "Structure of the human pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) gene". Biochim Biophys Acta 1129 (2): 199–206. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(92)90488-l. PMID 1730060.

[entrez-2] "Entrez Gene: ADCYAP1 adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1 (pituitary)".

[Ressler_2011-3] Ressler, KJ; Mercer, KB; Bradley, B; Jovanovic, T; Mahan, A; Kerley, K; Norrholm, SD; Kilaru, V; Smith, AK; Myers, AJ; Ramirez, M; Engel, A; Hammack, SE; Toufexis, D; Braas, KM; Binder, EB; May, V (Feb 24, 2011). "Post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with PACAP and the PAC1 receptor.". Nature 470 (7335): 492–7. doi:10.1038/nature09856. PMC 3046811. PMID 21350482. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

[pmid1335692-4] Felley, C P; Qian J M; Mantey S; Pradhan T; Jensen R T (Dec 1992). "Chief cells possess a receptor with high affinity for PACAP and VIP that stimulates pepsinogen release". Am. J. Physiol. (UNITED STATES) 263 (6 Pt 1): G901–7. ISSN 0002-9513. PMID 1335692.

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PACAP