WordNet

undergo a test; "She doesnt test well"
any standardized procedure for measuring sensitivity or memory or intelligence or aptitude or personality etc; "the test was standardized on a large sample of students" (同)mental test, mental testing, psychometric test
the act of undergoing testing; "he survived the great test of battle"; "candidates must compete in a trial of skill" (同)trial
the act of testing something; "in the experimental trials the amount of carbon was measured separately"; "he called each flip of the coin a new trial" (同)trial, run
a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
put to the test, as for its quality, or give experimental use to; "This approach has been tried with good results"; "Test this recipe" (同)prove, try, try out, examine, essay
achieve a certain score or rating on a test; "She tested high on the LSAT and was admitted to all the good law schools"
determine the presence or properties of (a substance)
show a certain characteristic when tested; "He tested positive for HIV"
someone who is licensed to operate an aircraft in flight (同)airplane pilot
a person qualified to guide ships through difficult waters going into or out of a harbor
an examination of the characteristics of something; "there are laboratories for commercial testing"; "it involved testing thousands of children for smallpox"
the act of subjecting to experimental test in order to determine how well something works; "they agreed to end the testing of atomic weapons"
tested and proved useful or correct; "a tested method" (同)tried, well-tried
tested and proved to be reliable (同)time-tested, tried, tried and true
the occupation of a pilot (同)pilotage

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(人の能力などの)『試験』,考査,テスト / (物事の)『試験』,検済,試錬,実験《+of+名》 / 化学分析;試薬 / =test match / …‘を'『試験する』,検査する / …‘を'化学分析する / (…の)試験を受ける,試験をする《+for+名》
『水先案内人』舵手(たしゅ) / (飛行機の)『パイロット』,操縦士 / 案内人,先導者(leader) / =pilot light / 試験的な,実験的な,予備的な / 《方向を表す副詞[句]を伴って》〈船〉‘の'『水先案内をする』 / 〈飛行機〉‘を'操縦する;〈船〉‘の'かじを取る / 《方向を表す副詞[句]を伴って》(|に向けて)〈人〉‘を'案内する,導く

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/19 06:44:00」(JST)

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A pilot study, pilot project or pilot experiment is a small scale preliminary study conducted in order to evaluate feasibility, time, cost, adverse events, and effect size (statistical variability) in an attempt to predict an appropriate sample size and improve upon the study design prior to performance of a full-scale research project.^[1] Pilot studies, therefore, may not be appropriate for case studies.

Implementation of pilot studies

Pilot experiments are frequently carried out before large-scale quantitative research, in an attempt to avoid time and money being wasted on an inadequately designed project. A pilot study is usually carried out on members of the relevant population, but not on those who will form part of the final sample. This is because it may influence the later behaviour of research subjects if they have already been involved in the research.^[2]

A pilot experiment/study is often used to test the design of the full-scale experiment which then can be adjusted. It is a potentially valuable insight and should anything be missing in the pilot study it can be added to the full-scale (and more expensive) experiment to improve the chances of a clear outcome.

Engineering applications

Often in engineering applications, pilot experiments are used to sell a product and provide quantitative proof that the system has potential to succeed on a full-scale basis. Pilot experiments are also used to reduce cost, as they are less expensive than full experiments. If there is not enough reason to provide full scale applications, pilot studies can generally provide this proof.

Other applications

In sociology, pilot studies can be referred to as small-scale studies that will help identify design issues before the main research is done.

Although pilot experiments have a well-established tradition in public action, their usefulness as a strategy for change has been questioned, at least in the domain of environmental management.^[3] It is argued that extrapolation from a pilot study to large scale environmental strategy cannot be assumed to be possible, partly due to the exceptional resources and favourable conditions that often accompany a pilot study.

References

^ Hulley, Stephen B. Designing Clinical Research. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007, p.168-169.
^ Haralambos and Holborn (2000); p.998
^ Billé, R. (2010) “Action without change? On the use and usefulness of pilot experiments in environmental management.”. S.A.P.I.EN.S. 3 (1)

Haralambos, M.; M. Holborn (2000). Sociology: Themes and Perspectives. Hammersmith, London: HarperCollins Publishers.
van Teijlingen, E. R; V. Hundley (2001). The importance of pilot studies. Social research UPDATE, (35).

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1. ダウン症および18トリソミーに対するスクリーニングのための、妊娠初期におけるcombined testおよびintegrated test first trimester combined test and integrated tests for screening for down syndrome and trisomy 18
2. バソプレシンおよびデスモプレシン刺激試験 vasopressin and desmopressin stimulation test
3. コルチコトロピン-放出ホルモン（CRH）刺激試験 corticotropin releasing hormone stimulation test
4. 分娩前の胎児心拍数評価 antepartum fetal heart rate assessment
5. 膵外分泌機能検査 pancreatic exocrine function tests

English Journal

Breast-cancer patients' participation behavior and coping during presurgical consultations: a pilot study.

Venetis MK1, Robinson JD, Kearney T.
Health communication.Health Commun.2015 Jan;30(1):19-25. doi: 10.1080/10410236.2014.943633. Epub 2014 Aug 14.
In the context of breast-cancer care, there is extremely little research on the association between observed (i.e., taped and coded) communication behaviors and patients' health outcomes, especially those other than satisfaction. In the context of presurgical consultations between female breast canc
PMID 25122519

Express immunochromatographic detection of antibodies against Brucella abortus in cattle sera based on quantitative photometric registration and modulated cut-off level.

Sotnikov DV1, Byzova NA, Zherdev AV, Eskendirova SZ, Baltin KK, Mukanov KK, Ramankulov EM, Sadykhov EG, Dzantiev BB.
Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry.J Immunoassay Immunochem.2015;36(1):80-90. doi: 10.1080/15321819.2014.896266.
An immunochromatographic test system was developed for rapid detection of the levels of specific IgG antibodies to Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide, as a tool for diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle. The pilot test strips were examined using blood sera from sick (78 samples) and healthy (35 sample
PMID 24579979

Heavy metal removal in groundwater originating from acid mine drainage using dead Bacillus drentensis sp. immobilized in polysulfone polymer.

Kim I1, Lee M2, Wang S3.
Journal of environmental management.J Environ Manage.2014 Dec 15;146:568-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.05.042. Epub 2014 Sep 8.
Batch, column, and pilot scale feasibility experiments for a bio-sorption process using a bio-carrier (beads) with dead Bacillus drentensis sp. in polysulfone polymer were performed to remove heavy metals in groundwater originating from an acid mine drainage (AMD). For batch experiments, various amo
PMID 25199604

Japanese Journal

Design and Implementation of an EFL Materials Evaluation Tool for Young Japanese Learners

Darlene Yamauchi
新潟国際情報大学国際学部紀要 0(創刊準備号), 127-141, 2015-07-01
… The design,evaluation, and pilot test of a materials evaluation tool were provided as well as possible gaps in the evaluated material identified. …
NAID 120005625103

乾式磁力選別を用いた重金属含有土壌の中規模処理試験結果について

野崎順兵,友口勝,日野成雄 [他]
地下水・土壌汚染とその防止対策に関する研究集会講演集 21, 34-37, 2015-06-18
NAID 40020507710

音声通知型姿勢維持補助システムの日常利用を想定した長時間・繰り返し利用における性能評価

榎堀優,森祐馬,間瀬健二
情報処理学会研究報告. UBI, [ユビキタスコンピューティングシステム] 2015-UBI-46(11), 1-6, 2015-05-04
日常生活において発生する肩こりや腰痛などの一因である不適切な姿勢を予防するために,我々はウェアラブル加速度センサを用いた音声通知型の姿勢維持補助システムを開発している.パイロットテストの結果から,システム利用時の姿勢維持時間の増加,音声通知による迅速な姿勢修正が認められ,また,作業集中度への影響がないことも確認された.しかし,それは 3 分という短時間のテストであり,日常利用のような長時間の利用に …
NAID 110009895734