パイロット研究、予備研究

WordNet

be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning
a room used for reading and writing and studying; "he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study"
applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading); "mastering a second language requires a lot of work"; "no schools offer graduate study in interior design" (同)work
a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performers technique; "a study in spiccato bowing"
a state of deep mental absorption; "she is in a deep study"
someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play); "he is a quick study"
give careful consideration to; "consider the possibility of moving" (同)consider
learn by reading books; "He is studying geology in his room"; "I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now" (同)hit the books
think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes; "He is meditating in his study" (同)meditate, contemplate
provide with or construct with studs; "stud the wall"
ornament consisting of a circular rounded protuberance (as on a vault or shield or belt) (同)rivet
poker in which each player receives hole cards and the remainder are dealt face up; bets are placed after each card is dealt (同)stud poker
adult male horse kept for breeding (同)studhorse
a man who is virile and sexually active (同)he-man, macho-man
someone who is licensed to operate an aircraft in flight (同)airplane pilot
a person qualified to guide ships through difficult waters going into or out of a harbor
the occupation of a pilot (同)pilotage

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(一般に)『勉強』,学習すること / 〈C〉(…の)勉強,研究《+of+名》 / 〈C〉〈U〉(…の)『綿密な調査』,検討《+of+名》 / 〈C〉研究対象(問題,事項);学科 / 〈C〉『書斎』,勉強部屋 / 〈C〉(美術・文学などの)習作,試作,スケッチ,(音楽の)練習曲,エチュード / …‘を'『勉強する』,学ぶ,研究する / …‘を'『よく注意して見る』,しげしげと見る / …‘を'『調査する』,検討する / …‘を'考慮する,配慮する / 〈せりふなど〉‘を'覚えようとする / 『勉強する』,学ぶ,研究する
《おもに米》種馬 / 《集合的に》(一群の)繁殖用動物(種馬,種牛など)
(インテリアなどに用いる)飾りびょう / カフスボタン,カラーボタン / (建物の)間柱 / (…を)…‘に'ちりばめる《+名+with+名》 / …‘に'点在(散在)している / …‘に'間柱をつける
『水先案内人』舵手(たしゅ) / (飛行機の)『パイロット』,操縦士 / 案内人,先導者(leader) / =pilot light / 試験的な,実験的な,予備的な / 《方向を表す副詞[句]を伴って》〈船〉‘の'『水先案内をする』 / 〈飛行機〉‘を'操縦する;〈船〉‘の'かじを取る / 《方向を表す副詞[句]を伴って》(|に向けて)〈人〉‘を'案内する,導く

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/27 21:22:42」(JST)

wiki en

A pilot study, pilot project or pilot experiment is a small scale preliminary study conducted in order to evaluate feasibility, time, cost, adverse events, and effect size (statistical variability) in an attempt to predict an appropriate sample size and improve upon the study design prior to performance of a full-scale research project.^[1] Pilot studies, therefore, may not be appropriate for case studies.

Implementation of pilot studies

Pilot experiments are frequently carried out before large-scale quantitative research, in an attempt to avoid time and money being wasted on an inadequately designed project. A pilot study is usually carried out on members of the relevant population, but not on those who will form part of the final sample. This is because it may influence the later behaviour of research subjects if they have already been involved in the research.^[2]

A pilot experiment/study is often used to test the design of the full-scale experiment which then can be adjusted. It is a potentially valuable insight and should anything be missing in the pilot study it can be added to the full-scale (and more expensive) experiment to improve the chances of a clear outcome.

Engineering applications

Often in engineering applications, pilot experiments are used to sell a product and provide quantitative proof that the system has potential to succeed on a full-scale basis. Pilot experiments are also used to reduce cost, as they are less expensive than full experiments. If there is not enough reason to provide full scale applications, pilot studies can generally provide this proof.

Other applications

In sociology, pilot studies can be referred to as small-scale studies that will help identify design issues before the main research is done.

Although pilot experiments have a well-established tradition in public action, their usefulness as a strategy for change has been questioned, at least in the domain of environmental management.^[3] It is argued that extrapolation from a pilot study to large scale environmental strategy cannot be assumed to be possible, partly due to the exceptional resources and favourable conditions that often accompany a pilot study.

References

^ Hulley, Stephen B. Designing Clinical Research. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007, p.168-169.
^ Haralambos and Holborn (2000); p.998
^ Billé, R. (2010) “Action without change? On the use and usefulness of pilot experiments in environmental management.”. S.A.P.I.EN.S. 3 (1)

Haralambos, M.; M. Holborn (2000). Sociology: Themes and Perspectives. Hammersmith, London: HarperCollins Publishers.
Teijlingen, E. R; V. Hundley (2001). The importance of pilot studies. Social research UPDATE, (35).

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English Journal

[Utilization of self-sampling kits for HPV testing in cervical cancer screening - pilot study].

Ondryášová H, Koudeláková V, Drábek J, Vaněk P, Slavkovský R, Hajdúch M.
Ceská gynekologie / Ceská lékarská spolecnost J. Ev. Purkyne.Ceska Gynekol.2016 Dec;80(6):436-43.
OBJECTIVE: To get initial experience with alternative sampling (self-sampling) for HPV testing as the means of cervical cancer screening program.DESIGN: Original work.SETTING: Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc.METHODS:
PMID 26741158

High-flow oxygen therapy in cluster headache patients has no significant effect on nociception specific blink reflex parameters: a pilot study.

Haane DY1,2, Plaum A3,4, Koehler PJ5, Houben MP6.
The journal of headache and pain.J Headache Pain.2016 Dec;17(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s10194-016-0597-x. Epub 2016 Feb 12.
BACKGROUND: The exact pathophysiology of cluster headache is unclear. We examined the influence of interneurons on the trigemino-facial reflex arch and the effect of oxygen, by using the nociception specific blink reflex parameters.FINDINGS: There is no significant effect of oxygen, immediately and
PMID 26868278

Surgical treatment of adolescent internal condylar resorption (AICR) with articular disc repositioning and orthognathic surgery in the growing patient-a pilot study.

Bodine TP1, Wolford LM1, Araujo E1, Oliver DR1, Buschang PH2.
Progress in orthodontics.Prog Orthod.2016 Dec;17(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s40510-015-0115-8. Epub 2016 Jan 18.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to better understand how surgical repositioning and stabilization of anteriorly displaced articular discs using the Mitek mini-anchor technique affects condylar growth in growing patients with adolescent internal condylar resorption (AICR).METHODS: Twenty-two ad
PMID 26763528

Japanese Journal

要支援高齢者に対するバランス障害の評価方法の予備的研究

後藤和也,久保晃,神津教倫
国際医療福祉大学学会誌 19(1), 5-8, 2014-01-31
[目的]本研究の目的は,要支援者に代表されるような軽度バランス障害を認めると考えられる高齢者に対し,歩行など移動能力を加味した評価方法を検討することで軽度バランス障害を判別する評価方法を検討することを目的とした.[対象]通所リハビリテーションの女性利用者で要支援1〜2の10名(76.8±8.5歳)を対象とした.[方法]Timed up and go test(TUG)において通常とカップを持ちなが …
NAID 110009661005