WordNet

perform a function; "Who will perform the wedding?"
carry out or perform an action; "John did the painting, the weeding, and he cleaned out the gutters"; "the skater executed a triple pirouette"; "she did a little dance" (同)execute, do
give a performance (of something); "Horowitz is performing at Carnegie Hall tonight"; "We performed a popular Gilbert and Sullivan opera"
street name for lysergic acid diethylamide (同)back breaker, battery-acid, dose, dot, Elvis, loony toons, Lucy in the sky with diamonds, pane, superman, window pane, Zen
any of various water-soluble compounds having a sour taste and capable of turning litmus red and reacting with a base to form a salt
having the characteristics of an acid; "an acid reaction"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈困難なことなど〉‘を'『成し遂げる』 / 〈義務・約束など〉‘を'『果たす』,履行する / 〈劇など〉‘を'『上演する,演奏する』 / 成し遂げる,果たす / 上演する,演奏する
酸性の / 酸味のある,すっぱい(sour) / (言葉・態度などが)厳しい,しんらつな / 酸 / すっぱいもの / 《俗》=LSD

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/08/16 21:28:40」(JST)

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Performic acid (PFA) is an organic compound with the formula CH₂O₃. It is an unstable colorless liquid which can be produced by mixing formic acid with hydrogen peroxide. Owing to its oxidizing and disinfecting action, it is used in the chemical, medical and food industries.

Properties and applications

Performic acid is a colorless liquid soluble in water, alcohols, ether, benzene, chloroform and other organic solvents.^[3]^[4] Its strong oxidizing properties are used for cleaving disulfide bonds in protein mapping,^[5] as well as for epoxidation, hydroxylation and oxidation reactions in organic synthesis.^[4] In the medical and food industries, performic acid is commonly used to disinfect equipment. It is effective against viruses, bacterial spores, algae, microscopic fungi and mycobacteria, as well as other microorganisms such as zooplankton. The popularity of performic acid as a sterilizer originates from the safe nature of its degradation products, mostly carbon dioxide, oxygen and water.^[3]^[6] The disinfecting action of performic acid is also faster than that of the related compounds peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide.^[7] The major drawbacks of performic acid are handling dangers related to its high reactivity, as well as instability, especially upon heating, which means that the acid must be used within about 12 hours of it being synthesised.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Synthesis

Synthesis of pure performic acid has not been reported.^[3] Aqueous solutions (up to 90%) can be prepared by mixing 70–98 wt.% of formic acid (in water) with 35–50 wt% of hydrogen peroxide.

This reaction is reversible and can be used for large scale industrial production if accelerated with a catalyst; however, its temperature must be kept below 80–85 °C to avoid an explosion.^[10] The catalyst can be nitric, hydrofluoric, phosphoric or sulfuric acid or their salts;^[3]^[11] it can also be an organic compound containing at least one ester group, such as carboxylic acid ester^[12] or peracetic acid.^[7]

Safety

Performic acid is non-toxic; it does irritate the skin, but less so than peracetic acid. Concentrated acid (above 50%) is highly reactive; it readily decomposes upon heating, and explodes upon rapid heating to 80–85 °C. It may ignite or explode at room temperature when combined with flammable substances, such as formaldehyde, benzaldehyde, or aniline, and explodes violently upon addition of metal powders.^[3] For this reason, spilled performic acid is diluted with cold water and collected with neutral, non-flammable inorganic absorbents, such as vermiculite.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Elvers, B. et al. (ed.) (1991) Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th ed. Vol. A19, Wiley, p. 206
^ F. A. Carroll Perspectives on Structure and Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, Wiley-Interscience, 2010, ISBN 0-470-27610-X p. 416
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Swern, Daniel (1949). "Organic Peracids.". Chemical Reviews 45: 1. doi:10.1021/cr60140a001. "In the absence of catalysts, performic acid explodes when heated rapidly to 80–85°C."
^ ^a ^b ^c Pradyot Patnaik A comprehensive guide to the hazardous properties of chemical substances, Wiley-Interscience, 2007, ISBN 0-471-71458-5, p. 128
^ Simpson, R. J. (2007). "Performic Acid Oxidation of Proteins". Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2007: pdb.prot4698. doi:10.1101/pdb.prot4698.
^ Gehr, R; Chen, D; Moreau, M (2009). "Performic acid (PFA): tests on an advanced primary effluent show promising disinfection performance". Water science and technology : a journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research 59 (1): 89–96. doi:10.2166/wst.2009.761. PMID 19151490.
^ ^a ^b ^c Preuss, A., Fuchs, R., Huss, M. & Schneider, R. 2001 Aqueous Disinfecting Agent Containing Performic Acid and Peracetic Acid Process for Production and Process for Use Thereof U.S. Patent 6,211,237, Issue date: April 3, 2001
^ Bydzovska, O. and Merka, V. (1981). "Disinfecting Properties of Performic Acid Against Bacteriophage (X 174 as a Model of Small Envelope-free Viruses". J. Hygiene, Epidemiology Microbiology and Immunology 25 (4): 414–423. PMID 6459365.
^ Ripin, D.H.B. et al. (2007). "Execution of a Performic Acid Oxidation on Multikilogram Scale". Org. Process Res. Dev. 11: 762. doi:10.1021/op700039r.
^ Elvers, B. et al. (ed.) (1991) Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th ed. Vol. A12, Wiley, p. 16
^ English, James; Gregory, J. Delafield (1947). "Performic Acid Hydroxylation of a,p-Unsaturated Acids and Esters". Journal of the American Chemical Society 69: 2120. doi:10.1021/ja01201a016.
^ Matilla, T. and Aksela, R. 2000 Method for the Preparation of Aqueous Solutions Containing Performic Acid as Well as Their Use. U.S. Patent 6,049,002, Issue date: April 11, 2000

UpToDate Contents

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3. 妊娠中の葉酸補充 folic acid supplementation in pregnancy
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English Journal

Reducing pathogens in combined sewer overflows using performic acid.

Tondera K1, Klaer K2, Koch C3, Hamza IA4, Pinnekamp J2.
International journal of hygiene and environmental health.Int J Hyg Environ Health.2016 Apr 22. pii: S1438-4639(16)30032-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.04.009. [Epub ahead of print]
Combined sewer overflows contribute significantly to pathogen loads in surface water. Some chemical disinfectants such as chlorine have proved to reduce the levels of microorganisms even in complex matrices such as wastewater in combined sewer systems; however, some of them release toxic by-products
PMID 27142128

Comparison of organic peracids in wastewater treatment: Disinfection, oxidation and corrosion.

Luukkonen T1, Heyninck T2, Rämö J3, Lassi U4.
Water research.Water Res.2015 Nov 15;85:275-85. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.08.037. Epub 2015 Aug 24.
The use of organic peracids in wastewater treatment is attracting increasing interest. The common beneficial features of peracids are effective anti-microbial properties, lack of harmful disinfection by-products and high oxidation power. In this study performic (PFA), peracetic (PAA) and perpropioni
PMID 26342181

Semiexperimental equilibrium structures for building blocks of organic and biological molecules: the B2PLYP route.

Penocchio E1, Piccardo M1, Barone V1.
Journal of chemical theory and computation.J Chem Theory Comput.2015 Oct 13;11(10):4689-707. doi: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00622. Epub 2015 Aug 31.
The B2PLYP double hybrid functional, coupled with the correlation-consistent triple-ζ cc-pVTZ (VTZ) basis set, has been validated in the framework of the semiexperimental (SE) approach for deriving accurate equilibrium structures of molecules containing up to 15 atoms. A systematic comparison betwe
PMID 26574259

Japanese Journal

化学処理による羊毛への消臭機能の付与

小原奈津子,金井まゆみ
昭和女子大学大学院生活機構研究科紀要 17, 121-126, 2008
… Oxidation with performic acid remarkably accelerates sorption of ammonia to wool fibers, which suggests that enrichment in -SO_3H is very effective in sorption of ammonia. …
NAID 110007055843

Improved Physical and Biochemical Features of a Collagen Membrane by Conjugating with Soluble Egg Shell Membrane Protein

Ino Tamao,Hattori Makoto,Yoshida Tadashi [他],HATTORI Shunji,YOSHIMURA Keiji,TAKAHASHI Koji
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 70(4), 865-873, 2006-04-23
… Soluble egg shell membrane protein (SEP) prepared from the egg shell membrane by performic acid oxidation and pepsin digestion was applied to prepare a membrane conjugated with pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) by cross-linking with water-soluble carbodiimide. …
NAID 10018532216

織物の一時加工剤としての水溶性ケラチンタンパクの利用 : 化学繊維の親水性および帯電性への影響

小原奈津子,滝沢智嘉,佐々木寛治
日本家政学会誌 49(1), 41-47, 1998-01-15
… For the re-utilization of waste or used wool fibers, an attempt was made to apply the water-soluble keratin extracted from wool oxidized with performic acid to the additive finish of textile goods. …
NAID 110003168456

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「過ギ酸」「peroxyformic acid」
関連記事	「perform」

「過ギ酸」

Performic acid
	Other names Hydroperoxyformaldehyde, formyl hydroperoxide, methaneperoxic acid, permethanoic acid, peroxyformic acid
Identifiers
CAS number	107-32-4
PubChem	66051
ChemSpider	59441
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES O=COO ;
	InChI InChI=1S/CH2O3/c2-1-4-3/h1,3H ; Key: SCKXCAADGDQQCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
Properties
Molecular formula	CH2O3
Molar mass	62.02 g mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Melting point	-18 °C
Boiling point	50 °C(13.3 kPa; 90% pure acid)
Acidity (pKa)	7.1
	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
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	Infobox references