WordNet

a continuous tube formed by a row of elongated cells lacking intervening end walls
an enclosed conduit for a fluid
a bodily passage or tube lined with epithelial cells and conveying a secretion or other substance; "the tear duct was obstructed"; "the alimentary canal"; "poison is released through a channel in the snakes fangs" (同)epithelial duct, canal, channel
relating to or located near the parotid gland

PrepTutorEJDIC

送水管;(建物・船などの)通気管;(地下ケーブルなどの)ダクト / (体液を運ぶ)導管,(植物が水・空気を運ぶ)導管

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/19 21:16:48」(JST)

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The parotid duct or Stensen duct is a duct and the route that saliva takes from the major salivary gland, the parotid gland into the mouth.^[1]

Eponym

Elementorum myologiae specimen, 1669

It is named after Nicolas Steno (1638–1686), a Danish anatomist credited with its detailed description in 1660.

Structure

The parotid duct is formed when several interlobular ducts—the largest ducts inside the parotid gland—join. It emerges from the gland and runs forward along the lateral side of the masseter muscle. In this course, the duct is surrounded by the buccal fat pad.^[2] It takes a steep turn at the border of the masseter and passes through the buccinator muscle, opening into the vestibule of the mouth, the region of the mouth between the cheek and the gums, at the parotid papilla, which lies across the second superior molar tooth.^[3]

The buccinator acts as a valve that prevents air forcing into the duct, which would cause pneumoparotitis.^[4] Running along with the duct superiorly is the transverse facial artery and upper buccal nerve; running along with the duct inferiorly is the lower buccal nerve.

The exit of the parotid ducts can be felt as small bumps (Papillae) on both sides of the mouth, and are usually positioned next to the maxillary first molars.

Clinical relevance

Blockage, whether caused by salivary duct stones or external compression, may cause pain and swelling of the parotid gland (parotitis).

Additional images

Outline of side of face, showing chief surface markings.
Microscopic slide of a human interlobular duct.
Microscopic slide of a human striated duct.
The left papilla (soft tissue protuberance at the exit) of the parotid duct is clearly visible on the cheek in the right of the photo.
Parotid duct
Parotid duct
Parotid duct

References

^ Ten Cate's Oral Histology, Nanci, Elsevier, 2013, page 255
^ Latarjet, Michel; Ruiz Liard, Alfredo (2005). Human Anatomy (Spanish Edition). Editorial Médica Panamericana. ISBN 978-950-06-1368-2.
^ Illustrated Dental Embryology, Histology, and Anatomy, Bath-Balogh and Fehrenbach, Elsevier, 2011, page 135
^ Faizal B, Chandran MP (2012). "Pneumoparotitis" (PDF). Amrita Journal of Medicine 8 (2): 1–44.

Casseri, Giulio Cesare (1627). Tabulae anatomicae, lxxiix. Venetis.
Stensen, Niels (1662). Observationes anatomicae, quibus varia oris, oculorum & narium vas describuntur novique salivae, lacrymarum & muci fontes deteguntur. Lugduni Batavorum: J. Chouët.

External links

Diagram at MSU
ent/178 at eMedicine - Parotid duct injuries
doctor/2052 at Who Named It?

UpToDate Contents

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1. 唾石症 salivary gland stones
2. 成人における化膿性耳下腺炎 suppurative parotitis in adults
3. 頭頸部皮膚切除における解剖学的危険部位 anatomic danger zones in cutaneous surgery of the head and neck
4. 深頸部の感染症 deep neck space infections
5. 小児における先天性鼻涙管閉塞（涙管閉鎖症）および涙嚢ヘルニア congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction dacryostenosis and dacryocystocele

English Journal

Expression of the homeostasis-related markers, maspin, heat shock proteins 70 & 90, glutathione S-transferase, aquaporin 5 and NF-kB in young and old labial and palatal salivary glands.

Vered M, Allon I, Tunis TS, Buchner A, Dayan D.SourceDepartment of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Institute of Pathology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel. Electronic address: mvered@post.tau.ac.il.
Experimental gerontology.Exp Gerontol.2013 Apr;48(4):444-50. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.02.008. Epub 2013 Feb 14.
Intraoral salivary glands undergo remarkable age-related morphologic changes. This study investigated the expression of a panel of molecular markers known for cellular homeostatic activity, dependent on age and location of the salivary glands. Samples taken from healthy subjects were classified acco
PMID 23416193

Active secretion and protective effect of salivary nitrate against stress in human volunteers and rats.

Jin L, Qin L, Xia D, Liu X, Fan Z, Zhang C, Gu L, He J, Ambudkar IS, Deng D, Wang S.SourceSalivary Gland Disease Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China.
Free radical biology & medicine.Free Radic Biol Med.2013 Apr;57:61-7. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.12.015. Epub 2012 Dec 28.
Up to 25% of the circulating nitrate in blood is actively taken up, concentrated, and secreted into saliva by the salivary glands. Salivary nitrate can be reduced to nitrite by the commensal bacteria in the oral cavity or stomach and then further converted to nitric oxide (NO) in vivo, which may pla
PMID 23277147

Japanese Journal

症例報告先天性副耳下腺頬部皮膚瘻の1例

小松秀吾,照井慶太
日本小児外科学会雑誌 48(7), 1060-1064, 2012-12
NAID 40019532527

Histopathological Changes in Parotid and Submandibular Glands of Patients Treated with Preoperative Chemoradiation Therapy for Oral Cancer

TESHIMA Keiko,MURAKAMI Ryuji,YOSHIDA Ryoji,NAKAYAMA Hideki,HIRAKI Akimitsu,HIRAI Toshinori,NAKAGUCHI Yuji,TSUJITA Naoko,TOMITAKA Etsushi,FURUSAWA Mitsuhiro,YAMASHITA Yasuyuki,SHINOHARA Masanori
Journal of Radiation Research 53(3), 492-496, 2012
… We retrospectively evaluated the relationship between computed tomography (CT)- and histopathological findings of parotid and submandibular glands in six patients treated for advanced oral cancer. …
NAID 130001876862

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「耳下腺」「耳下腺管」
関連記事	「duct」「parotid」

「耳下腺」

Parotid duct
	Right parotid gland. Deep and anterior aspects. (Parotid duct labeled at center right.)
	Dissection, showing salivary glands of right side. (Parotid duct visible at center.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	Ductus parotideus
MeSH	A03.556.500.760.640
Dorlands; /Elsevier	d_29/12315033
TA	A05.1.02.007
FMA	10420
	Anatomical terminology [edit on Wikidata]