n.

激増、大流行

関: craze、disease outbreak、epidemic、pandemic、upsurge

WordNet

a sudden violent spontaneous occurrence (usually of some undesirable condition); "the outbreak of hostilities" (同)eruption, irruption
existing everywhere; "pandemic fear of nuclear war"
an epidemic that is geographically widespread; occurring throughout a region or even throughout the world
epidemic over a wide geographical area; "a pandemic outbreak of malaria"
(especially of medicine) of disease or anything resembling a disease; attacking or affecting many individuals in a community or a population simultaneously; "an epidemic outbreak of influenza"
a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease; many people are infected at the same time
state of violent mental agitation (同)delirium, frenzy, fury, hysteria
develop a fine network of cracks; "Crazed ceramics"
a fine crack in a glaze or other surface

PrepTutorEJDIC

(戦争・暴動・病気などの)『突発』,ぼっ発,(怒りなどの)爆発《+『of』+『名』》
(流行病などが)全地域にわたる,全国(世界)的流行の /〈C〉全国(世界)的流行病
(病気などが)『伝染性の』,急速に広がる / (一般に)流行している / (一時的な)流行病,伝染病 / 流行,はやり
(…で)〈人〉‘の'気を狂わせる《+『名』+『by』(with)+『名』(do『ing』)》 / (…に対する)一時的な熱中(流行)《+『for』+『名』》
(波.感情などの)わき上がり,高まり

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/09/04 12:36:29」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Outbreak (disambiguation).

Outbreak is a term used in epidemiology to describe an occurrence of disease greater than would otherwise be expected at a particular time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or impact upon thousands of people across an entire continent. Two linked cases of a rare infectious disease may be sufficient to constitute an outbreak. Outbreaks may also refer to epidemics, which affect a region in a country or a group of countries, or pandemics, which describe global disease outbreaks.

Outbreak investigation

When investigating disease outbreaks, the epidemiology profession has developed a number of widely accepted steps. As described by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, these include the following:^[1]

Verify the diagnosis related to the outbreak
Identify the existence of the outbreak (Is the group of ill persons normal for the time of year, geographic area, etc.?)
Create a case definition to define who/what is included as a case
Map the spread of the outbreak using Information technology as diagnosis is reported to insurance
Develop a hypothesis (What appears to be causing the outbreak?)
Study hypothesis (collect data and perform analysis)
Refine hypothesis and carry out further study
Develop and implement control and prevention systems
Release findings to greater communities

Types

There are several outbreak patterns, which can be useful in identifying the transmission method or source, and predicting the future rate of infection. Each has a distinctive epidemic curve, or histogram of case infections and deaths.^[2]

Common source – All victims acquire the infection from the same source (e.g. a contaminated water supply).^[3]
- Continuous source – Common source outbreak where the exposure occurs over multiple incubation periods
- Point source – Common source outbreak where the exposure occurs in less than one incubation period^[4]
Propagated – Transmission occurs from person to person.^[5]

Outbreaks can also be:

Behavioral risk related (e.g., sexually transmitted diseases, increased risk due to malnutrition)^[6]

Zoonotic – The infectious agent is endemic to an animal population.

Patterns of occurrence are:

Endemic – a communicable disease, such as influenza, measles, mumps, pneumonia, colds, small pox, which is characteristic of a particular place, or among a particular group, or area of interest or activity

Epidemic – when this disease is found to infect a significantly larger number of people at the same time than is common at that time, and among that population, and may spread through one or several communities.

Pandemic – occurs when an epidemic spreads worldwide.

Outbreak legislation

Outbreak legislation is still in its infancy and not many countries have had a direct and complete set of the provisions.^[7]^[8] However, some countries do manage the outbreaks using relevant acts, such as public health law.^[9]

References

^ Steps of an Outbreak Investigation, EXCITE | Epidemiology in the Classroom | Outbreak Steps
^ [1]^{[dead link]}
^ Glossary of Epidemiology Terms, Cdc.gov (2007-04-25). Retrieved on 2010-11-25.
^ Glossary of Epidemiology Terms. Cdc.gov (2007-04-25). Retrieved on 2010-11-25.
^ Glossary of Epidemiology Terms. Cdc.gov (2007-04-25). Retrieved on 2010-11-25.
^ [2]^{[dead link]}
^ "Bioterrorism Training and Curriculum Development Program". http://library.scahec.net/view/product/32. Retrieved 2 August 2008.
^ Star Publications. "‘Outbreak actions protected by law’". http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/7/16/courts/21834412&sec=courts. Retrieved 2 August 2008.
^ The State of Queensland Government. "Legislation and Powers of Entry". http://www.health.qld.gov.au/dengue/managing_outbreaks/legislation.asp. Retrieved 2 August 2008.

External links

Look up outbreak in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 感染症管理の一般原則 general principles of infection control
2. インフルエンザの疫学 epidemiology of influenza
3. 血液媒介病原体とスポーツ bloodborne pathogens and sports
4. 成人におけるウイルス性胃腸炎の疫学および病因 epidemiology and pathogenesis of viral gastroenteritis in adults
5. 東アフリカへの旅行によって感染する可能性のある疾患 diseases potentially acquired by travel to east africa

English Journal

Ebola 2014: Setting up a port health screening programme at an international train station.

Cleary V, Wynne-Evans E, Freed J, Fleet K, Thorn S, Turbitt D.
Journal of business continuity & emergency planning.J Bus Contin Emer Plan.2017 Dec 1;10(2):177-187.
An outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) began in Guinea in December 2013 and was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization in August 2014. In October, the UK government tasked Public Health England (PHE) to set up EVD screening at key ports. The ke
PMID 28376997

Network analysis reveals why Xylella fastidiosa will persist in Europe.

Strona G1, Carstens CJ2, Beck PS3.
Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2017 Dec;7(1):71. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-00077-z. Epub 2017 Mar 6.
PMID 28250430

Ebola virus - epidemiology, diagnosis, and control: threat to humans, lessons learnt, and preparedness plans - an update on its 40 year's journey.

Singh RK1, Dhama K2, Malik YS3, Ramakrishnan MA4, Karthik K5, Khandia R6, Tiwari R7, Munjal A6, Saminathan M2, Sachan S8, Desingu PA2, Kattoor JJ3, Iqbal HM9, Joshi SK10.
The Veterinary quarterly.Vet Q.2017 Dec;37(1):98-135. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1309474.
PMID 28317453

Ascertaining the impact of public rapid transit system on spread of dengue in urban settings.

Sanna M1, Hsieh YH2.
The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2017 Nov 15;598:1151-1159. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.050. Epub 2017 May 8.
PMID 28499330

Japanese Journal

結核接触者健診における社会ネットワーク分析の活用

結核 92(1), 27-34, 2017-01
NAID 40021064573

食中毒や感染症等の発生など保健衛生,環境衛生面から報道された事例(その3)

日本防菌防黴学会誌 = Journal of Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents 45(1), 45-55, 2017-01
NAID 40021063471

頭頸部外科病棟におけるMRSAアウトブレイクと感染予防策

日本耳鼻咽喉科感染症・エアロゾル学会会誌 = The journal of Japan Society for Infection and Aerosol in Otorhinolaryngology 5(1), 33-37, 2017
NAID 40021099357

新興ウイルス感染症の現状と対策

空気清浄 : コンタミネーションコントロール 54(5), 361-365, 2017
NAID 40021099099

「ヘルパンギーナ」

　　[★]

herp (水疱の) + angina (口峡炎)
英: herpangina
同: ヘルパンギナ、水疱性口峡炎、疱疹性アンギナ、疱疹性口峡炎

[show details]

ヘルパンギーナ　 : 約 307,000 件
ヘルパンギナ : 約 691 件
水疱性口峡炎 : 44 件

概念

エンテロウイルスの感染症。扁桃や軟口蓋に水疱性の粘膜疹を呈し、主に3-10歳で感染が見られる。咽頭の症状が殆どで、嚥下時や発熱を伴う。多くの場合夏場にoutbreakする。

病原体としてコクサッキーウイルスA群(group A coxsackieviruses)がある。

疫学

4歳以下が多く、特に1歳に多い。

病原体

エンテロウイルス属(コクサッキーウイルスA群2,4,5,6,8,10) (IRE.765)

潜伏期

2-4日ないし2-7日

症状

発熱、哺乳低下、流涎、咽頭痛、嚥下困難

身体所見

口腔内：灰白色の丘疹と水疱が扁桃腺の前部、軟口蓋、口蓋に認められる。 (IRE.765)

経過

4-5日の経過で消失

参考

1. [charged] 小児における口腔軟部組織病変 - uptodate [1]
2. [charged] エンテロウイルスとパラエコーウイルス感染症の臨床症状と診断 - uptodate [2]

「大流行」

　　[★]

英: outbreak、pandemic、craze
関: 激増、汎発性、世界的流行、感染爆発、パンデミック

「激増」

　　[★]

英: outbreak、upsurge
関: 流行病、大流行、集団発生、世界的流行

「craze」

　　[★]

大流行

関: outbreak、pandemic

「upsurge」

　　[★]

激増

関: outbreak

「disease outbreak」

　　[★]

集団発生

関: epidemic、outbreak、pandemic

[0] Steps of an Outbreak Investigation, EXCITE | Epidemiology in the Classroom | Outbreak Steps

[1] [1]^{[dead link]}

[2] Glossary of Epidemiology Terms, Cdc.gov (2007-04-25). Retrieved on 2010-11-25.

[3] Glossary of Epidemiology Terms. Cdc.gov (2007-04-25). Retrieved on 2010-11-25.

[4] Glossary of Epidemiology Terms. Cdc.gov (2007-04-25). Retrieved on 2010-11-25.

[5] [2]^{[dead link]}

[ol-6] "Bioterrorism Training and Curriculum Development Program". http://library.scahec.net/view/product/32. Retrieved 2 August 2008.

[oapl-7] Star Publications. "‘Outbreak actions protected by law’". http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/7/16/courts/21834412&sec=courts. Retrieved 2 August 2008.

[lpe-8] The State of Queensland Government. "Legislation and Powers of Entry". http://www.health.qld.gov.au/dengue/managing_outbreaks/legislation.asp. Retrieved 2 August 2008.

リンク元	「ヘルパンギーナ」「大流行」「激増」「craze」「upsurge」
拡張検索	「disease outbreak」

匿名

検索

案内

案内

outbreak