WordNet

of or belonging to neither the right nor the left politically or intellectually
a building dedicated to a particular activity; "they were raising money to build a new center for research" (同)centre
(American football) the position of the player on the line of scrimmage who puts the ball in play; "it is a centers responsibility to get the football to the quarterback"
a position on a basketball team of the player who participates in the jump that starts the game
the position on a hockey team of the player who participates in the face off at the beginning of the game
a place where some particular activity is concentrated; "they received messages from several centers" (同)centre
the sweet central portion of a piece of candy that is enclosed in chocolate or some other covering (同)centre
the object upon which interest and attention focuses; "his stories made him the center of the party" (同)centre, center of attention, centre of attention
an area that is approximately central within some larger region; "it is in the center of town"; "they ran forward into the heart of the struggle"; "they were in the eye of the storm" (同)centre, middle, heart, eye
a point equidistant from the ends of a line or the extremities of a figure (同)centre, midpoint
a cluster of nerve cells governing a specific bodily process; "in most people the speech center is in the left hemisphere" (同)centre, nerve_center, nerve centre
(football) the person who plays center on the line of scrimmage and snaps the ball to the quarterback; "the center fumbled the handoff" (同)snapper
(basketball) the person who plays center on a basketball team
(ice hockey) the person who plays center on a hockey team
politically moderate persons; centrists
the middle of a military or naval formation; "they had to reinforce the center"
move into the center; "That vase in the picture is not centered" (同)centre
equally distant from the extremes (同)halfway, middle, midway
the calcification of soft tissue into a bonelike material
the developmental process of bone formation
the process of becoming rigidly fixed in a conventional pattern of thought or behavior
hardened conventionality (同)conformity
a fractional monetary unit of several countries
(American football) putting the ball in play by passing it (between the legs) to a back; "the quarterback fumbled the snap" (同)snap
being or placed in the center

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉骨化 / 〈C〉骨化して部分
〈C〉『セント』(1ドルの1/100;米国・カナダの貨幣単位;《略》￠) / 〈C〉1セント銅貨 / 〈U〉(単位としての)100
中軸(中心)を持つ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/09/16 21:34:24」(JST)

wiki en

The first step in ossification of the cartilage is that the cartilage cells, at the point where ossification is commencing and which is termed an ossification center, enlarge and arrange themselves in rows.^[1]

The matrix in which they are imbedded increases in quantity, so that the cells become further separated from each other.

A deposit of calcareous material now takes place in this matrix, between the rows of cells, so that they become separated from each other by longitudinal columns of calcified matrix, presenting a granular and opaque appearance.

Here and there the matrix between two cells of the same row also becomes calcified, and transverse bars of calcified substance stretch across from one calcareous column to another.

Thus there are longitudinal groups of the cartilage cells enclosed in oblong cavities, the walls of which are formed of calcified matrix which cuts off all nutrition from the cells; the cells, in consequence, atrophy, leaving spaces called the primary areolæ.

Types of ossification centers[edit source | edit]

There are two types of ossification centers - primary and secondary.

A primary ossification center is the first area of a bone to start ossifying. It usually appears during prenatal development in the central part of each developing bone. In long bones the primary centers occur in the diaphysis/shaft and in irregular bones the primary centers occur usually in the body of the bone. Most bones have only one primary center (e.g. all long bones) but some irregular bones such as the os coxa (hip) and vertebrae have multiple primary centers.

A secondary ossification center is the area of ossification that appears after the primary ossification center has already appeared - most of which appear during the postnatal and adolescent years. Most bones have more than one secondary ossification center. In long bones, the secondary centres appear in the epiphyses.

References[edit source | edit]

^ Gray and Spitzka (1910), page 44.

Bibliography[edit source | edit]

Gray, Henry; Spitzka, Edward Anthony (1910). Anatomy, descriptive and applied. the University of California: Lea & Febiger.

This article incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における肘関節の解剖学的構造および肘関節骨折の放射線学的診断 elbow anatomy and radiographic diagnosis of elbow fracture in children
2. 小児または思春期のアスリートにおける肘関節損傷 elbow injuries in the child or adolescent athlete
3. 思春期特発性側弯症：臨床的特徴、評価および診断 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis clinical features evaluation and diagnosis

English Journal

Canonical Wnt signaling differently modulates osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow and from periodontal ligament under inflammatory conditions.

Liu W1, Konermann A2, Guo T3, Jäger A2, Zhang L4, Jin Y5.Author information 1Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.2Department of Orthodontics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.3Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.4Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.5Research and Development Center for Tissue Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China; Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: yanjin@fmmu.edu.cn.AbstractBACKGROUND: Cellular plasticity and complex functional requirements of the periodontal ligament (PDL) assume a local stem cell (SC) niche to maintain tissue homeostasis and repair. Here, pathological alterations caused by inflammatory insults might impact the regenerative capacities of these cells. As bone homeostasis is fundamentally controlled by Wnt-mediated signals, it was the aim of this study to characterize the SC-like capacities of cells derived from PDL and to investigate their involvement in bone pathophysiology especially regarding the canonical Wnt pathway.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 Mar;1840(3):1125-34. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.11.003. Epub 2013 Nov 12.
BACKGROUND: Cellular plasticity and complex functional requirements of the periodontal ligament (PDL) assume a local stem cell (SC) niche to maintain tissue homeostasis and repair. Here, pathological alterations caused by inflammatory insults might impact the regenerative capacities of these cells.
PMID 24231680

Spatial control of adult stem cell fate using nanotopographic cues.

Ahn EH1, Kim Y2, Kshitiz3, An SS4, Afzal J5, Lee S6, Kwak M7, Suh KY7, Kim DH8, Levchenko A9.Author information 1Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.2Department of Chemical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.3Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.4Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Physical Sciences in Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.5Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.6Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.7Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.8Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address: deokho@uw.edu.9Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: andre.levchenko@yale.edu.AbstractAdult stem cells hold great promise as a source of diverse terminally differentiated cell types for tissue engineering applications. However, due to the complexity of chemical and mechanical cues specifying differentiation outcomes, development of arbitrarily complex geometric and structural arrangements of cells, adopting multiple fates from the same initial stem cell population, has been difficult. Here, we show that the topography of the cell adhesion substratum can be an instructive cue to adult stem cells and topographical variations can strongly bias the differentiation outcome of the cells towards adipocyte or osteocyte fates. Switches in cell fate decision from adipogenic to osteogenic lineages were accompanied by changes in cytoskeletal stiffness, spanning a considerable range in the cell softness/rigidity spectrum. Our findings suggest that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) can respond to the varying density of nanotopographical cues by regulating their internal cytoskeletal network and use these mechanical changes to guide them toward making cell fate decisions. We used this finding to design a complex two-dimensional pattern of co-localized cells preferentially adopting two alternative fates, thus paving the road for designing and building more complex tissue constructs with diverse biomedical applications.
Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2014 Mar;35(8):2401-10. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.037. Epub 2013 Dec 31.
Adult stem cells hold great promise as a source of diverse terminally differentiated cell types for tissue engineering applications. However, due to the complexity of chemical and mechanical cues specifying differentiation outcomes, development of arbitrarily complex geometric and structural arrange
PMID 24388388

Skeletal development of the proximal humerus in the pediatric population: MRI features.

Kwong S, Kothary S, Poncinelli LL.Author information 1 School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016.AbstractOBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to provide a guideline of normal MRI developmental anatomy of the proximal humerus in a growing child. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Retrospective interpretation of 83 consecutive MRI studies of shoulders in children 2 months to 17 years old was performed in consensus by two radiologists. The following variables were documented: presence, number, and fusion of secondary ossification centers; appearance and closure of the growth plate; presence of the metaphyseal stripe; and proximal metaphyseal marrow signal intensity. RESULTS. Preossification centers were seen in 2- and 4-month-old patients. Secondary ossification centers appeared in the medial humeral head and greater tuberosity at 4 and 10 months, respectively, originally depicting red marrow and later converting to yellow marrow. A separate lesser tuberosity ossification center was not seen. The ossification centers began fusing by 3 years and gradually conformed to the final shape of the proximal humerus. Ossification was completed by 13 years. The multilaminar growth plate initially had a flat and smooth contour that progressively became irregular and pyramidal, closing at 17 years. The metaphyseal stripe was noted at infancy and disappeared by 15.5 years. The metaphyseal marrow signal intensity was diffusely low in infants but, with conversion to yellow marrow, showed proximal metaphyseal bright patchy or linear signal-intensity, eventually disappearing by 17 years. CONCLUSION. The postnatal skeletal development of the proximal humerus in the pediatric population follows distinctive sequential patterns of maturation, which can serve as a guideline for interpreting MRI studies in children.
AJR. American journal of roentgenology.AJR Am J Roentgenol.2014 Feb;202(2):418-25. doi: 10.2214/AJR.13.10711.
OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to provide a guideline of normal MRI developmental anatomy of the proximal humerus in a growing child. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Retrospective interpretation of 83 consecutive MRI studies of shoulders in children 2 months to 17 years old was performed in consens
PMID 24450686

Japanese Journal

経験と考察乳幼児O脚の自然矯正における大腿骨遠位骨端核の骨化成熟の解析

村橋靖崇,松山敏勝,藤田裕樹 [他]
整形外科 = Orthopedic surgery 65(1), 16-20, 2014-01
NAID 40019922083

上腕骨滑車骨端の骨化進行過程の観察および評価

加納健司,柏口新二,紙谷武 [他]
日本臨床スポーツ医学会誌 21(2), 384-387, 2013
NAID 40019721870

頸椎後縦靭帯骨化症に対する手術治療成績の検討

貞升彩,宮本敬,田中健一郎,細江英夫,清水克時
岐阜大学医学部紀要 57(1/2), 5-14, 2012-06
NAID 110009422604

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「骨化中心」
関連記事	「center」「ossification」

「骨化中心」

Ossification center
	Section of fetal bone of cat. ir. Irruption of the subperiosteal tissue. p. Fibrous layer of the periosteum. o. Layer of osteoblasts. im. Subperiosteal bony deposit.
Latin	centrum ossificationis
Gray's	subject #18 93

　　[★]

英: ossification center
同: 骨核、骨化核、骨化点 ossification point

「center」

　　[★]

n.

センター、中心、中央、中枢、中央に置く

関: central、centre、centro、centrum、hub、medial、middle

「ossification」

　　[★] 骨形成　　　　　

[1] Gray and Spitzka (1910), page 44.

匿名

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案内

案内

ossification center