WordNet

first or beginning; "the memorable opening bars of Beethovens Fifth"; "the plays opening scene"
opportunity especially for employment or promotion; "there is an opening in the sales department"
a recognized sequence of moves at the beginning of a game of chess; "he memorized all the important chess openings" (同)chess opening
a vacant or unobstructed space that is man-made; "they left a small opening for the cat at the bottom of the door"
becoming open or being made open; "the opening of his arms was the sign I was waiting for"
the act of opening something; "the ray of light revealed his cautious opening of the door"
an open or empty space in or between things; "there was a small opening between the trees"; "the explosion made a gap in the wall" (同)gap
the first performance (as of a theatrical production); "the opening received good critical reviews" (同)opening_night, curtain raising
a ceremony accompanying the start of some enterprise
the initial part of the introduction; "the opening established the basic theme"
a continuous tube formed by a row of elongated cells lacking intervening end walls
an enclosed conduit for a fluid
a bodily passage or tube lined with epithelial cells and conveying a secretion or other substance; "the tear duct was obstructed"; "the alimentary canal"; "poison is released through a channel in the snakes fangs" (同)epithelial duct, canal, channel
(botany) a tiny outgrowth on the surface of a petal or leaf
a small nipple-shaped protuberance concerned with taste, touch, or smell; "the papillae of the tongue"
a small projection of tissue at the base of a hair or tooth or feather
of or relating to or resembling papilla (同)papillose

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(森・垣根・壁などの)空いている所;空き地;すき間,穴 / 〈C〉(物語・会議などの)始め,出だし,冒頭(beginning) / 〈C〉(…の地位の)空き,就職口《+『for』(『at, in』)+『名』》(vacant) / 〈C〉(劇などの)初演 / 〈U〉(…が)開くこと,あくこと《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)よい機会,好機《+『for』+『名』》 / 初めの,開始の
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
送水管;(建物・船などの)通気管;(地下ケーブルなどの)ダクト / (体液を運ぶ)導管,(植物が水・空気を運ぶ)導管
乳頭;(毛根・歯根などにある)微小乳頭状突起物

UpToDate Contents

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1. 総胆管結石の内視鏡マネージメント：標準手技および機械的砕石 endoscopic management of bile duct stones standard techniques and mechanical lithotripsy
2. 腎細胞癌の疫学、病理、および病因 epidemiology pathology and pathogenesis of renal cell carcinoma
3. 総胆管損傷の修復 repair of common bile duct injuries
4. 甲状舌管嚢胞および異所性甲状腺 thyroglossal duct cysts and ectopic thyroid
5. 膵管内乳頭粘液性腫瘍の診断および治療 diagnosis and treatment of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas

English Journal

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct with gastric and duodenal fistulas.

Hong MY1, Yu DW1, Hong SG1.
World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy.World J Gastrointest Endosc.2014 Jul 16;6(7):328-33. doi: 10.4253/wjge.v6.i7.328.
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the bile duct is still rare and not yet understood despite of its increased incidence and similar clinicopathologic characteristics compared with IPMN of the pancreas. The fistula formation into other organs can occur in IPMN, especially the pancreat
PMID 25031793

Pancreatic sphincter precutting to gain selective access to the common bile duct: a series of 172 patients.

Akashi R1, Kiyozumi T, Jinnouchi K, Yoshida M, Adachi Y, Sagara K.
Endoscopy.Endoscopy.2004 May;36(5):405-10.
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Several precutting techniques have been described in cases of failed access to the common bile duct. We describe our experience with pancreatic sphincter precutting in an upward direction, and report its success rates and complications.PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 172
PMID 15100948

Multicenter randomized trial of the spiral Z-stent compared with the Wallstent for malignant biliary obstruction.

Shah RJ1, Howell DA, Desilets DJ, Sheth SG, Parsons WG, Okolo P 3rd, Lehman GA, Sherman S, Baillie J, Branch MS, Pleskow D, Chuttani R, Bosco JJ.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy.Gastrointest Endosc.2003 Jun;57(7):830-6.
BACKGROUND: The industry standard since 1990 for self-expanding biliary metallic stents has been the Wallstent. In 1998 the Spiral Z-stent was released. This randomized trial compared the Z-stent with the Wallstent in the treatment of malignant biliary obstruction.METHODS: Patients with unresectable
PMID 12776028